Health and Social Care: Specific Needs Analysis and Evaluation

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of specific needs within the health and social care sector. It begins by examining the concepts of health, disability, illness, and behaviour, and explores how perceptions of these concepts have evolved. The report then delves into the impact of legislation, society, and culture on service delivery. Task 2 analyzes the care needs of individuals, explains current support systems, and evaluates services available in a chosen locality (Essex). Task 3 focuses on explaining approaches and interventions used to support individuals, evaluating their effectiveness, and discussing the impact of emerging developments. Finally, Task 4 addresses challenging behaviour, describing its potential impact on health and social care organizations and analyzing strategies for managing it. The report concludes with an overview of the key findings and recommendations for improving care within the health and social care sector.

Understanding Specific Needs in
Health and Social Care

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analysis of concepts of health, disability, illness and behaviour relating to health and
social care users......................................................................................................................1
1.2 Analysis of change in perception relating to specific needs.............................................1
1.3 Analysing impact on legislation, society and culture and manner in which it is delivered. .2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Analysis of care needs of individuals...............................................................................2
2.2 Explanation of current systems for supporting individuals with specific needs..............3
2.3 Evaluation of service available in chosen locality...........................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Explaining approaches and interventions available to support individuals with specific
needs.......................................................................................................................................4
3.2 Evaluation of effectiveness of intervention strategies......................................................4
3.3 Discussing potential impact of emerging development on support for individuals.........5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................5
4.1 Explaining different concepts of challenging behaviour..................................................5
4.2 Description of potential impact of challenging behaviour on health and social care
organisations...........................................................................................................................6
4.3 Analysis of strategies for working with challenging behaviour.......................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Health and social care sector constitutes as a major segment in the economy. The
professionals and practitioners working in this segment are provided with a duty to make
attempts in understanding specific needs of people and fulfilling the same in a tailored manner
(Merriam, 2015). The contemporary health and social care department is known to be
responsible for fulfilling demand and specific requirements of the people. This assignment
focuses on the understanding perception of health, disability, illness and behaviour so that it
leads to development of suitable system and strategies. There will be an attempt to form
strategies and intervention approaches so that it leads to supporting individuals in specific needs.
TASK 1
1.1 Analysis of concepts of health, disability, illness and behaviour relating to health and social
care users
The health and social care institution are crucial in making sure that people are able to
lead a healthy life. The concept of health defines an individuals being free from any illness and
diseases and able to lead a healthy life. The government of United Kingdom defines disability as
impairment on mental and physical grounds which can have substantial and long term impact
upon individuals and hinders the manner in which a person attempts to fulfil daily chores. The
people who are suffering from disability are known to be supported by nursing practitioners so
that they are able to fulfil their daily tasks (Thoits, 2011). A diseases is referred to be as sickness
which is affecting body or mind of an individual. It can be said that illness can be categorised on
the social, physical and mental grounds. The health and social care organisation intents to
address the issue of impairment and behaviour challenges of a person so that they are able to
overcome the same leading a better level. The personnel in the health and social care
organisation are provided with a responsibility to deal with people ranging from different
diseases such as learning, physical and mobility disabilities so that they are able to lead a better
life.
1.2 Analysis of change in perception relating to specific needs
It can be said that there is an turnaround in the manner specific needs of services users in
being perceived. The approach towards people with mental learning have been pretty casual,
they were ignored and ill-treated and no consideration was given to their specific demands and
needs. But, the awareness and educational programmes which were undertaken have made
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people as well as practitioners more aware about the manner in which they are treated. The
historical perspective of illness and were viewed as venture of bad spirits which later
transformed into purification of individual in Christianity. There is an significant contribution of
the political as well social factors as well. The government have enforced educational institution
to cater the needs of those who possess learning disability and have undertaken numerous
programmes to gather support for people as well. The example of such can be seen through craze
of people towards Paralympics games which are being held every four years. The institution
have been catering training and development opportunities to practitioners and professionals so
that people in health and social care institution can be provided with equal chances to lead a
stable life.
1.3 Analysing impact on legislation, society and culture and manner in which it is delivered
The government have played an active role in making sure that service users with
learning difficulties are treated in the same ways as another people. Focusing upon the
legislation, there are numerous laws which have been formed by the government such as Human
rights Act, 1998, Equal opportunities Act, 2004 and disability discrimination Act, 2005. These
legislation are formed with a view to protect interest of people who unhealthy and making sure
that there is minimal instances of discrimination with them. The disability discrimination act
which has been constructed by the government stands most crucial for the people with disability
as institutions and educational organisation are persuaded to undertake adjustments in their
curriculum and service provision so that an individual with learning difficulties will be able to
facilitate an superior position amongst others. This feature have helped changing attitude of
people towards disabled people which can be seen through altered code of practices and
perception of people towards disabled. There is a development of providing extensive care to
people which has been formed through numerous community care initiatives and inclusion of
policies and practices by healthcare institution (Aveyard, 2014). Similarly, as per Human rights
Act, it is necessary for management of health and social care companies to do not misuse their
authorities. They should build effective policies and strategies for providing facilities to people
in a proper way. In addition to this, according to Equality Act 2010, it is amendable for a
company to ensure that any kind of discrimination will not occur at workplace. They should
introduce a system under which if any individual feel exploitation then he/she can lodged
complaints to seniors and demand for justice. Moreover as social needs of every person is
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different from each other therefore, by supporting them at workplace helps in providing better
services to patients. Along with this, it is also essential for healthcare organisations to provide
equality at workplace which is considered as right of every individual for availing equal
opportunity in society as well as workplace. Thus, it has analysed that legislations helps
organisations in giving equal chances to people and good quality for improving their health.
While social approaches aid people in sharing equal status as well as ensuring welfare of
individuals who require certain needs. On the other hand, enhancement in awareness within
society aids in improvement and development of people at individual level.
TASK 2
2.1 Analysis of care needs of individuals
The NHS have been an institution which is known to deliver quality healthcare services
to people irrespective of their age and socio-economic status. The people in healthcare institution
can be supported with variety of care needs which are able to help them in leading a better life.
The care needs can be categorised on numerous grounds such physical, social, emotional and
language needs. A disabled person suffering from physical impairment or illness requires
physical help form service users to go from one place to another and complete their daily chores.
The old age people in care home could be supported on social and emotional level by service
providers so that they are able to lead a comfortable life. The people suffering from learning
difficulties can be supported on language grounds so that they are able to educate themselves and
make best out of opportunities for growth and development. Dealing with people having
challenging behaviour like sleep disorder seems to be very tough and complex for health and
social care organisations. It would arise problems for fellow patients also as these patients can do
anything while sleeping. This kind of problem generally arise due to high stress, hectic schedules
and depression which creates a negative impact on mood, energy and concentration of a person.
Sometime it cause mental problems also like patients can become aggressive with others and
harm them also. Thus, if management can take violent actions against them to handle their
challenging behaviour then it may generate feeling of threat in other patients and staff members
also. But if a company will not take amendable actions then it will lead to severe accidents which
may harm reputation of business. Along with this, there are many reasons also which impact on
behaviour of individuals like family background. If a person feel isolated and less attentive from
family and fellow persons then it increase level of frustration. In context with workplace, if
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individuals didn't get acquired position then out of frustration, they turns to behave
inappropriately and gradually mental disorder grows in them also. In addition to this, brain cells
and sensory nerves of such people can become ineffective in old age.
2.2 Explanation of current systems for supporting individuals with specific needs
It has been identified that there are numerous organisation working in this sector
attempting to cater needs of people with learning difficulties. The brief mention of organisations
and system in healthcare are as follows:
Statutory Organisation: These organisation are funded by the government and known to
deliver quality health and social care services to people. National Health service is statutory body
known to improve health outcomes of people.
Not-for-profit/ Voluntary organisations: The health and social care services which has
been offered by these organisation are carried out for community welfare. These charitable
organisation make sure that people who are facilitating learning difficulties are supported in the
right manner. The major example for this segment are Mencap, it is an organisation known to
cater support to people with learning difficulties and their family and carer as well.
Formal organisation: There are some private organisations as well which are known to
provide services through distinct approaches such as Private Hospitals, nurseries and educational
institution. The operations are carried out with a view to attain financial benefits from the same
and are treated as a business (Connell, 2012).
Informal care: The informal care to people with learning disability is generally carried
out by people who are looking help others and don not expect any payment in return. The major
examples of informal care are services offered by church, relatives and community centre for
disabled people. For example- if a person suffering from dementia which effects on memory then
it is necessary for health and social care institution to provide special care to them. This kind of
issue generally happens with people of old age due to which they face difficulties in handling
their work, communicating and coordination with others. So, it increases anxiety, level of
depression, inappropriate behaviour and more.
2.3 Evaluation of service available in chosen locality
The locality which has been considered in this part of assignment is Essex which offers
variety of services to people with learning difficulties. The country is exercising on legislation
which has been formed for disabled people. This feature provides access to funding which can be
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employed on the disabled people so that their life could be improved. The money can be spent on
their conveyance, housing support and adult social care leading to fulfilment of their essential
needs. There are organisation working on a local scale so that support could be offered to
individual and family in form of advice, information and guidance. An example for such
institution is MENCAP. Then there is Essex Learning disabilities Services, it is an trust which is
known to be delivering integrated care to people inclusive of services related to social, mental
and community health services to people. The services are offered to adults and children
separately so that their requirement are being fulfilled in the best possible manner (Hendricks
and Testa, 2012). Proper and adequate number of medical facilities are available in this health
and social care institutions. In addition to this, it is approachable from big medical organisations
also by which in condition of emergency, patients can quickly shift there. Transportation
facilities should also be good and make sure that there are enough ambulances present. Food
which is offered to patients is healthy and hygienic also.
TASK 3
3.1 Explaining approaches and interventions available to support individuals with specific needs
It can be said that there are numerous approach through which support could be offered
to people with special needs. The people who are suffering with learning difficulties should be
not be treated as different from others as they will be able to taste success as well when provided
with right guidance and support. The teachers are encouraged to undertake strategy which results
out of a combination of cognitive and meta-cognitive approach resulting well being of
individual. These approaches provide students with an opportunity to learn and reflect the same
upon themselves so that they can have a decent future. The application of scientific and research
based intervention will result in benefit of a student which experiences learning difficulties. A
healthcare practitioner must undertaken measures which results in shifting power towards people
with learning disabilities so that they are able to take charge of their own life and form decision
on the same. Individuals with learning disabilities can be supplied with use of Assistance
Technologies (AT) so that there is an positive change on the confidence and independence level
and ultimately resulting overcoming skill deficit of an individual.
3.2 Evaluation of effectiveness of intervention strategies
It is referred to as intervention strategies can be deployed so that there is a positive
change in the circumstances of an individual. The intervention strategies which are undertaken
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have been successful in providing multidisciplinary care to people with learning disability. They
aim to provide clinical support to people and along with simultaneously improving health
outcomes in this domain. However it is considered that provision of integrated care helps them in
leading a better life at their homes. It is very important for people with learning disability to have
access to suitable health and social care services so that their therapies are considered as well
along with their fulfilment of diversified needs and expectations. The results which have been
achieved are mixed and are not that as great as expectations. It is extremely crucial to learn from
past encounter and assure that right approaches are selected in terms of autonomy and
independence leading to form right conclusions (Maslach and Jackson, 2013).
3.3 Discussing potential impact of emerging development on support for individuals
It can be said that individual with learning difficulties are tend to ease up life and makes
it more convenient. The technological advancement along with development of computer-based
technology have helped in encountering problems of isolation and lack of opportunities is dealt
with in an ideal manner. They are now facilitated with increased number of learning
opportunities and possess an access of learning materials leading to formation of a educational
experience. The change in legislate regulations and practices have helped in reshaping of attitude
of people towards individual with learning difficulties (Woodhead, 2015). There is a major
change in manner in which such people are perceived and government have formed numerous
policies which encourage practitioners to make attempts in fulfilling needs of such people. The
government have launched numerous provision focusing on elimination of discrimination which
has been encountered by people in health and social care. The promotion of this disability have
helped in development of positive attitude of people as they now possess higher understanding
on the disability. There is an introduction of numerous terms on national and international level
so that label of 'learning disability' could be replaced with less sensitive term. The positive
attitude have of people have resulted in building a favourable and an inclusive environment in
which they are presented with equal number of opportunities to grow and prosper with in distinct
social settings. The measures such as outcasting and stigmatist people with learning difficulties
have significantly reduced and have been included in almost all major undertakings (Mc Kee and
Eraut, 2012).
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TASK 4
4.1 Explaining different concepts of challenging behaviour
This segment of report focuses on identification and explanation of different concepts of
challenging behaviour which are being portrayed by the an individual with learning disability.
Among individuals all behaviour happens for a reason thus to understanding such behaviour is
critical. Individuals have learning disabilities are have little control over lives that leads
challenging behaviour. The main reason behind challenging behaviour is frustration or stressed
in individuals' mind by which they cannot properly deal with other as frustration always
surrounded them. It may also affect learning abilities of people as due to this aspect they cannot
learn properly. Another reason behind challenging behaviour of people is developmentally
inappropriate environments (for example, a curriculum that makes too many demands on a child
or young person). In order to effectively overcome with challenging behaviour of learning
disability people are required to make more and more communication with their loved once, i.e.
family and friends. Environments where disrespectful social relationships and poor
communication are typical or where people do not have the capacity or resources to respond to
people's needs and face them is also converted into aggressive behaviour. Sometimes due to lack
of communication people cannot express their inner feelings and emotions with other and goes
into depression. By this, they always frustrate and irritate with other this can also affect their
learning abilities in direct and indirect manner; as the time of learning and cannot concentrate in
classes.
Further reason of aggressive behaviour of people is taking alcohol, drugs, conflicts with
family, abusive environment etc. thus, assessments must be made focusing on the outcomes of
reducing behaviour that challenges and improving quality of life. It can be said that challenging
behaviour can be categorised on numerous segment such as
Learning disabilities: it can be said that people with learning difficulties encounter
numerous mental and health difficulties as well which makes them anxious ultimately resulting
in challenging behaviour for individuals. This behaviour could be portrayed through aggression
or anxiety which becomes very difficult for a care provider to deal with in an health or social
care institution (Merriam, 2015).
Physical impairment: there are higher chances of challenging behaviour if an individual
is physically impaired. For instance a person will is suffering from sleep disorders will be
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showing aggression or challenging behaviour if he is not able to sleep as per adequate
requirement.
Drugs: it can be said that there is an positive relation between alcohol and aggression.
The consumption of drugs and alcohol gives rise to an erratic behaviour and ending up causing
long and short term problems for person who consumes the same. The consequence of the same
are misinterpretation of care and concern of others (Thoits, 2011).
ill health: A person who is not keeping up well on ground of mental and physical health
will be showing challenging behaviour as well. The reason can be lack of communication
between care users and provider or portrayal of stereotyped behaviour.
4.2 Description of potential impact of challenging behaviour on health and social care
organisations
The duty of managing challenging behaviour which has been portrayed by service user
gets extremely difficult to manage. The portrayal of aggressive and violent behaviour emerges as
a major threat for the other service users which are residing in the institution. The socialisation
stands crucial for people as they are able to share their problems and worries with others but if a
person emerges as extremely violent he may not provided with an opportunity to be social.
Therefore, it is not feasible for an organisation to take such risk which can cause further
difficulties for fellow residents in the care home. The lack of social approach and inability to
carry out their own tasks leads to frustration ends up in presentation of violent behaviour which
gets difficult to manage by service providers. The service provider are provided with a duty to
identify ways through which such situations can be countered so that they harmony and peace in
an institution could be replaced.
4.3 Analysis of strategies for working with challenging behaviour
The identification and selection of right approach of dealing with challenging behaviour
is very important for service provider, therefore it is essential to conduct an analysis of strategies
so that best one could be adopted (Posavac, 2015). The primary approach which is emphasized is
communication and reason being inability and frustration are amongst major cause which results
in portrayal of violent behaviour. The person who have been showing violent behaviour should
be provided with a time out so that he could collect and reflect on his behaviour leading to better
results in terms of health and behaviour of an individual. The medication and therapies are to
considered along with formulation of right policies and procedures so that a right environment is
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created within an organisation. The person who is showing violent and aggressive behaviour is to
kept and treated separately so that harm on fellow service users could be minimised. It is
dependent upon situation which will be helpful in ascertaining right strategy for an individual
with learning difficulty (Stoddart and Evans, 2017).
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the above report health and social care constitutes as crucial
segment for the society. They aim to cater the diverse needs of people who have been part of a
health or social care institution. There is a major shift in perception of disability and now
perceived as a normal any other thing. There is a crucial role played by government as well as it
makes sure that there is a minimum discrimination and interest of service users is preserved in an
institution. A service provider can make use of intervention approaches and strategies so that
conditions and circumstances of service users could be improved.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Aveyard, H., 2014. Doing a literature review in health and social care: A practical guide.
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perspective. Social science & medicine. 74(11). pp.1675-1683.
Hendricks, M. L. and Testa, R.J., 2012. A conceptual framework for clinical work with
transgender and gender nonconforming clients: An adaptation of the Minority Stress
Model. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 43(5). p.460.
Maslach, C. and Jackson, S. E., 2013. A social psychological analysis. Social psychology of
health and illness, 227.
Mc Kee, A. and Eraut, M., 2012. Introduction. In Learning trajectories, innovation and identity
for professional development (pp. 1-19). Springer, Dordrecht.
Merriam, S.B., 2015. Qualitative Research: Designing, Implementing, and Publishing a Study. In
Handbook of Research on Scholarly Publishing and Research Methods (pp. 125-140).
IGI Global.
Posavac, E. J., 2015. Program evaluation: Methods and case studies. Routledge.
Stoddart, G. L. and Evans, R.G., 2017. Producing health, consuming health care. In Why are
some people healthy and others not? (pp. 27-64). Routledge.
Thoits, P. A., 2011. Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health.
Journal of health and social behavior. 52(2). pp.145-161.
Woodhead, M., 2015. Psychology and the cultural construction of children’s needs. In
Constructing and reconstructing childhood (pp. 72-91). Routledge.
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