This report provides an in-depth analysis of the decline in trade union membership within the context of Australian employment relations. It examines the historical trajectory of unionism in Australia, detailing the factors contributing to its decline over several decades, including economic shifts, legislative changes, and evolving social attitudes. The report explores the impact of these factors, such as the rise of neoliberal policies, changes in the workforce composition, and employer strategies, on union density and power. It also discusses the emergence of community unionism as a response to declining membership and proposes potential strategies for revitalizing the union movement, including legal and structural changes. The analysis covers the changing legal framework, the impact of industrial action limitations, and the loss of union security arrangements, concluding with a call for strategic thinking and potential reforms to address the challenges facing Australian unions.