Leadership in Change Management: United Products Case Analysis

This report analyzes leadership in change management, focusing on negotiation and influencing skills within the context of a case study involving United Products. It examines various forms of resistance to change, such as strikes, increased turnover, and layoffs, along with the remedial actions taken by management. The report highlights key change management skills demonstrated by the leader, Jack, including a focus on productivity, benchmarking against competitors, and stakeholder management. It critically assesses negotiation and influencing techniques, including how the management handled situations with external stakeholders and negotiated for favorable outcomes. The report further explores persuasion methodologies, communication skills, and the relationship between ethics, morals, and values in leadership dilemmas. Two business leaders who instigated changes are also analyzed. The report aims to provide insights into effective change management strategies and the importance of leadership in driving organizational success.

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Contents
Executive Summary......................................................................................................2
Introduction -.................................................................................................................3
Task 1 Negotiation and Influencing skills in resistance in change management.......3
Application negotiation and influencing skills to facilitate participative discussions. 3
a. Identification of three forms of resistance found in the case of United
Product employees and how they were expressed..............................................3
b. Three remedial actions taken by the management to pacify the staff.........4
c. Four change management skills demonstrated by Jack.............................5
Task 2: Negotiation and influencing techniques for optimal outcomes.......................6
Critically assess negotiation and influencing techniques in leadership process......6
a. Discussion on the FOUR (4) areas of how the management of United
Products handled the situations with external stakeholders in the following
evidence demonstrated in.....................................................................................6
b. Discussion on the United Products negotiated with the external
stakeholders for an amiable outcome in the eyes of his competitors...................7
THREE (3) persuasion methodologies including communication and negotiation
skills employed by the management.....................................................................7
c. FOUR (4) communication skills were used by Jack in achieving the goals 8
Task 3: Leadership styles and ethical perspectives....................................................9
Relation of ethics, morals and values in leadership dilemmas and manage own
and others' learning and performance within change dynamics for efficient and
effective performance of business organisation.......................................................9
a. Names of the two business leaders who instigated changes and the
names of their organizations.................................................................................9
Conclusion..................................................................................................................13
Bibliography-...............................................................................................................14
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Executive Summary
The report focuses on the negotiations and influential skills that are required
for change management. Changes in an organisation need to be managed based on
the success or failure of the organisations. The report focuses on these changes and
the manner in which it needs to be implemented in organisations. The focus of the
report is on an organisation that is provided in the form of a case study. The
organisation in focus is United Product and the form of resistance that is seen in the
organisation is stated. The remedial actions that are needed for the management of
the change are stated along with the skills that are mentioned in the case study. The
negotiation and communication skills of the employees are considered to understand
the effectiveness of the business. At the same time, leadership is considered as an
important factor for the management of change. Without proper leadership,
organisations cannot propel changes within the organisation and encourage the
employees to embrace the changes. The report focuses on the external stakeholders
and the communication strategy that United Product need to adopt so that it can
maintain effective changes within the organisation. The perspectives and ethical
influence of the changes need to be managed so that United Products can gain
success by achieving the goals it set for itself. The report also analyses two business
leaders that have instigated changes within an organisation and have managed to
gain success.
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Introduction -
In order to manage changes in an organisation it is essential ensure that
proper negotiation and influence of the employees is necessary. Without changes, it
can be difficult for companies to continue with the changes and ensure that
employees do not pose any threat to it. The report focuses on United Product and
the manner in which the changes in the company can help it to gain popularity in the
market. The remedial actions that are needed to be taken are considered and based
on the case study techniques for the optimal resistance to change can be managed.
The importance of diversity and culture of the organisation is analysed and real life
examples of leaders who have been successful in business are taken into
consideration.
Task 1 Negotiation and Influencing skills in resistance in change management
Application negotiation and influencing skills to facilitate participative discussions
a. Identification of three forms of resistance found in the case of United Product
employees and how they were expressed.
1. Strikes in work: The employees in United Products reduced the production
cost by 20%. This was done so that the cost cut that was implemented by
Jack can be countered. With the reduction of the production cost, the
employees can gain more salary than their basic pay. At the same time, less
effort is required for the employees to manufacture the products.
2. Increased turnover: With the reduction of production cost, the supervisors
had left the company due to excess pressure. This resulted in the reputation
of the company to fall and consequently the business of the company took a
huge toll. Despite the increased production output, the company were left with
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a huge talent pool loss, which hurt the opportunities of the company to gain
success in the market.
3. Layoff: Due to the reputation of the company, candidates were unwilling to
continue to pursue a career with United Products. The resistance to change in
this case had to hurt the company, as potential replacement of the staffs was
not found. The increase in financial condition of the company had helped in
the increasing the productivity, however, with less employees, the managing
of the companies became a challenging factor.
b. Three remedial actions taken by the management to pacify the staff
1. One of the remedial actions undertaken by the management is to maintain
continuous supervision of staffs. Jack had instructed the supervisors to
maintain close monitoring of the staffs and report any type of breach of
organisational policy. This ensured that the behaviours with the staffs were
strictly conducted and the performance improves. However, this particular
action led to the loss of supervisors.
2. The supervisors were also asked to set high standards. This resulted in the
improvement of the performance as a benchmark was provided. At the same
time, Jack believed that providing training to the supervisors was a waste of
time and due to this the training for the supervisors were stopped. Jack had
also taken the initiative to relieve the employees that were underperforming in
the organisation.
3. Jack had taken the initiative to spy on the competitors so that the policies and
staffs that the competitors have can be analysed. This provided with an
additional knowledge of the strategies that the company needed to adopt. The
financial success that was attained by the company can be used to recruit
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talented employees and ensure that the productivity of the company can
improve.
c. Four change management skills demonstrated by Jack
1. Jack had focused on the productivity of the company. The fitness centre and
other entertainment were cut off so that the employees can remain focused on
the work. This included reducing the cost and benefits of the employees so
that they do not get payment for indulging in easy work method
2. At the same time, Jack had undertaken policies to reduce any time that had
been wasted in the company. Instead, the time had been allocated for
increasing the production per unit. Therefore, this particular change strategy
demonstrated by Jack paved the way for an increased funding of the
company. Therefore, it can be said that this particular strategy is one of the
best change management plans adopted by Jack.
3. The spying on competitors proved as another masterstroke by Jack as he
could manage to provide benchmarks for the team. This helped the company
to continue its business in the competitive market and at the same time
provide the employees with an opportunity to increase productivity. The
benchmarking strategy had assisted Jack to ensure that the rate of production
increased at a low cost.
4. At the same time, Jack had also seen that the financial success of the
company had elevated. However, the lack of employees can be a concern for
the company. Jack had managed to gain the trust of the stakeholders in this
case and the ideas imposed by him led to the adoption of the change
management programme that the company know implements.
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Task 2: Negotiation and influencing techniques for optimal outcomes
Critically assess negotiation and influencing techniques in leadership process
a. Discussion on the FOUR (4) areas of how the management of United
Products handled the situations with external stakeholders in the following
evidence demonstrated in:
i. The professional attitudes, qualities and behaviours of the employees
in United Products can be attributed to the manner in which the
company had managed to identify the problems it had with the change.
The changes implemented by Jack may have deprived the company
from gaining talented employees, but it had helped the company with
gaining financial stability.
ii. The ethical issues that were considered is that none of the employees
were terminated based on any cultural diversity. It had been realised by
Jack that United Product had not been popular with the community and
based on this understanding the changes required to be maintained. At
the same time, the stakeholders had appreciated some of the decisions
such as decision to lower the cost of the product.
iii. The social expectations had the community expecting support from
United Product. However, with the reputation of the company due to
the changes made by Jack were not popular. Therefore, it can be said
that the social expectations as it needed to be for United Product did
not meet the requirements that were expected from the community.
iv. United Products need to be ethical and ensure that cultural
expectations of the company are met. The external stakeholders, that
are the customers are from different background and United Product
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had managed to ensure that every customer was welcome to be a part
of the success of the organisation. This ensured increase in financial
stability of the company.
b. Discussion on the United Products negotiated with the external stakeholders
for an amiable outcome in the eyes of his competitors.
The negotiation undertaken by the external stakeholders were mainly base on
the diversity and the cultural differences. The case study suggests that Jack had
been spying on the competitors so that he can understand the manner in which the
companies had gained financial stability. He had not broken the law due to this and
the outcome of this in the eyes of the competitors needed to be viable. However, it
has been seen that the company managed to negotiate deals with the external
stakeholders by ensuring that the profit earned were spend in improving the
productivity of the community in a proper manner. Thus, it can be said that United
Product can gain competitive advantage over the rivals.
THREE (3) persuasion methodologies including communication and negotiation
skills employed by the management
1. Bargaining: The management of United Products can obtain bargaining
method so that the difference between the employee and the employer can be
sorted properly. The biggest problem that the employees had to face was the
sudden changes that Jack had imposed. However, upon realising the mistake,
Jack had contemplated into considering further changes inside and outside of
the company.
2. Logic: This can be considered as a communication method of negotiating
with the employees. Jack can try to provide logic behind the sudden changes
made in the company. One of the logic is that the constant monitoring of the
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employees can lead them to perform well in the organisation and ensure that
the productivity increases. Thus, it can be said that Jack can provide logic for
the changes made and try to regain the trust of the employees.
3. Improve negotiation skills: Jack can improve the negotiation skills so that
he can be more effective in communicating with the employees. He can adopt
the practise of being emotional and trying to sympathise with the problems of
the employees. At the same time, he can compromise some of his changes
so that he can continue to build the trust of the employees.
c. FOUR (4) communication skills were used by Jack in achieving the goals
1. John believed that the communication with the employees is important so that
they can be motivated and at the same time increase the productivity of the
work. He had indulged in verbal communication with the employees so that
they can come forward the grievances they have at work.
2. Jack maintained a stressful environment so that employees can work hard.
He had not displayed any communication skill with the employees and had
managed to make changes without the consent of the employees. This had a
negative impact as employees began to leave the organisation because John
had been a more communicative employee.
3. John had also been friendly with the employees. He had tried to solve
problems in a friendly manner by helping them out with social matters. This is
an indication of the communication skill that he had implemented in the
organisation. Jack had not been friendly with the employees; instead, he had
made himself an enemy among the employees and the community.
4. John had even earned respect for himself with the employees by his friendly
nature. The employees were fond of his actions and the manner in which he
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used to provide freedom to the employees. On the other hand, Jack had been
more of an intimidating leader and had failed to earn the respect as well as
trust of the employees.
Task 3: Leadership styles and ethical perspectives
Relation of ethics, morals and values in leadership dilemmas and manage own and
others' learning and performance within change dynamics for efficient and effective
performance of business organisation.
a. Names of the two business leaders who instigated changes and the names of
their organizations.
Leader’s Name Organisation Justification
Steve Jobs Apple Steve Jobs had not oily founded
apple, but made changes in the
manner in which computers are
used in the modern world. The
technology that had been used by
Jobs had a severe positive impact
in the lives of the employees and
the community. Changes in the
manner in which technology is
viewed in the modern world have
changed because of the
introduction of Apple (Cameron &
Green, 2015). Not only the
computers, technology has been
implemented in the mobile phones
that have developed the item and
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have made accessibility with
people much easier. The fact that
Jobs had been compassionate
with the employees has helped
him to maintain its success in the
business.
Mark Zuckerberg Facebook In the modern world, social media
plays a significant role for the
improvement of communication
among people (Hayes, 2014).
Facebook has been the best
method of communication via
social media that people can use
in the modern world. With the help
of Facebook, the changes brought
about in the communication of a
community had a significant role.
This particular change in the
manner in which people can
communicate with one another
has a significant positive impact in
the modern world.
b. Four Comparison of (the similarities and differences) between these two
business leaders covering their leadership style and changes undertaken in
their respective organization.
Leader One Leader Two Similarity/Difference
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Steve Jobs Mark
Zuckerberg
Both leaders wanted to achieve more than just
money. The focus of both the leaders was for
the improvement of the community in which
they worked and increasing the satisfaction of
the employees. While Steve Jobs made a salary
of $1 per year, Zuckerberg had managed to
donate most of his fortunes to charity.
Steve Jobs Mark
Zuckerberg
On the other hand dissimilarity between the two
leaders can be failure along with unbridled
success. It has been evidenced that while Jobs
had failed to achieve instant success with the
new Mac and Apple X phones, Zuckerberg had
received accolades from the people as soon as
Facebook was founded. In fact, it gave tough
competition to the other social network sites and
became popular among the people in less time.
Steve Jobs Mark
Zuckerberg
Another similarity between the two leaders is
the hard driving style of leadership. Both the
leaders had a documentable story about the
foundation of the companies and the manner in
which the success had been built. The leaders
always kept the goals of the company as high
priority.
Steve Jobs Mark
Zuckerberg
The focus of the companies had varied as
Apple had focused more on the products. Due
to its software oriented business, the products
of Apple has been the focal point for Jobs. On
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the other hand, Zuckerberg focused on the
people and the manner in which they can
communicate with one another.
C. Four evaluations of the success or results of the changes between the two
business leaders.
Leader One Leader Two Success / Failure
Steve Jobs Mark
Zuckerberg
The success of the changes is that both the
companies are popular among the people.
The technologies used by Apple and the
improvement of communication of Facebook
have helped people to modernise the world
and maintain effective work force and social
life.
Steve Jobs Mark
Zuckerberg
However, failure has been seen in the early
years of the company during the time of
unsuccessful implementation of the
technologies. Zuckerberg and Jobs had
suffered failure to the distrust of the people
and the excessive changes that were brought
about in a sudden manner.
Steve Jobs Mark
Zuckerberg
At the same time, another success that the
companies had is the fact that it had
managed to provide support to the people.
The CSR activities of the companies have
had a significant impact in the promotion of
the companies and have contributed to the
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development of communities.
Steve Jobs Mark
Zuckerberg
Failure has been seen in the fact that the
Apple phones in the recent years have
problems in terms of its usability. At the same
time, Facebook has been subjected to be
probed by hackers. This had been the major
failures that have been seen about the
companies.
Conclusion
Therefore, after the analysis of the case study it can be concluded under
Jack, United Products received negative popularity from the employees and the
communities. Jack needs to ensure that the tyrannical changes made in the
company need to be changed
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