Analysis of Unmodifiable Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease

This report provides an overview of the unmodifiable risk factors associated with coronary artery disease, highlighting the roles of ethnicity, diabetes type 1, and gender. It discusses how coronary artery disease occurs when arteries fail to supply adequate oxygen and nutrients to the heart. The report notes that while hypertension is a significant factor, ethnicity also plays a role, with prevalence rates varying across different populations such as white, black, and Asian individuals. Diabetes type 1 is identified as a major risk factor due to issues like insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, leading to vascular malfunction. Gender also influences the onset of the disease, with women typically experiencing it later in life due to the protective effects of estrogen. The report concludes that understanding these non-modifiable factors is crucial for comprehensive assessment and management of coronary artery disease, and this resource is available on Desklib, where students can find similar solved assignments.

UNMODIFIABLE FACTORS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISAESE
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ETHNICITY
• Coronary artery disease is also associated with ethnicity of the people . It is seen
in a study in America that the rate of prevalence of coronary artery disease is
more in the white than black male population. The rate is 7.2 % for the black
male and 7.8% for the white. In addition to this , the prevalence rate in Asian is
almost estimated 3.7% and that is lower than the normal population(Leigh,
Alvarez & Rodriguez, 2016).
DIABATES TYPE-1 GENDER
CONCLUSION
• Lastly, it can be concluded that , the coronary artery disease is not only
associated with hypertension, but also there are other non-modifiable factors
that can induce coronary artery disease.
REFERENCES
Arbab-Zadeh, A., & Fuster, V. (2015). The myth of the “vulnerable plaque”:
transitioning from a focus on individual lesions to atherosclerotic disease
burden for coronary artery disease risk assessment. Journal of the
American College of Cardiology, 65(8), 846-855.
De Ferranti, S. D., De Boer, I. H., Fonseca, V., Fox, C. S., Golden, S. H., Lavie, C.
J., ... & Zinman, B. (2014). Type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular
disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and
American Diabetes Association. Circulation, 130(13), 1110-1130.
Khamis, R. Y., Ammari, T., & Mikhail, G. W. (2016). Gender differences in
coronary heart disease. Heart, heartjnl-2014.
Leigh, J. A., Alvarez, M., & Rodriguez, C. J. (2016). Ethnic minorities and
coronary heart disease: an update and future directions. Current
atherosclerosis reports, 18(2), 9.
INTRODUCTION
Coronary artery disease is a major heart disease occurred mainly when the
oxygen supplying arteries are failed to supply oxygen and nutrients to the
heart(Arbab-Zadeh, & Fuster, 2015) Hypertension is not the only reason of this
disease. The role of gender, diabetes type 1 and ethnicity in the disease
development is discussed.
• Coronary artery disease is one of the major predominant among the patients with
diabetes mellitus(DM) or diabetes type-1. It seen that, DM is a risk factor for the
coronary artery disease. The prevalence rate of DM in patient’s having coronary heart
disease is almost 50% in many countries in the world. The DM patients have problems
like insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and that drives them towards the malfunction of
vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. The lipid- riched atherosclerosis plaques
of diabetic patients is mainly responsible for the coronary artery disease development
(De Ferranti et al., 2014).
• Coronary artery disease is also very much gender specific and it is seen that ,
the onset of coronary artery disease is 7-10 year late in women than in men.
The endogenous estrogen women prevent the onset of atherosclerotic disease in
women. Estrogen may play a regulating role on various metabolic factors like
lipids, coagulant system and inflammatory markers. They also cause
vasodilation of the vessel wall through beta and alpha receptors (Khamis,
Ammari, & Mikhail, 2016).
Fig.2- studies of non modifiable factors.
Fig.3- Comparison of coronary heart disease in
men and women.
Fig.1- Ethnicity as an un modifiable factor