UoS LSC BA: Contract Formation, Rights, and Responsibilities Analysis

This essay delves into the intricacies of business law and ethics, with a specific focus on contract law. It defines what constitutes a contract and outlines the essential conditions for its formation, including offer, acceptance, obligation, legality, and validity. Through a case study involving Avril and Belinda, the essay analyzes potential contract formations, their rights, and responsibilities, referencing relevant case law such as Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots. The analysis extends to another case involving Darwash, Charlie, and Eddie, examining binding contracts, breach of contract remedies (damages, injunction, specific performance, repudiation, and repossession), and legal obligations. The essay concludes by emphasizing the importance of business law and ethics in achieving organizational goals and ensuring valid agreements.

Business law and
Ethics

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK ..............................................................................................................................................3
State what a contract is, and the conditions for forming one. Then, advise Avril and Belinda
on which contract(s), if any, have been formed in this negotiation and their rights and
responsibilities under such contracts...........................................................................................3
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Business law and ethics are the laws that makes business organization achieve various tasks
leading over accomplishment of goals that leads upon increasing business integrity which makes
business conducted in smooth manner. These laws makes business accomplish all its aspects that
is been set by an organization with purpose to achieve goals and objectives of all kinds. These
laws makes guidelines over rules developed making business organization perform various
activities making sustainability achieved through growth within an organization. The law applied
through different legislation which makes business organization achieve consistency within
business. Both the laws has been making system developed which makes business organizations
achieve its objectives with more efficiency. Nature of these laws is very dynamic which makes
rules and regulation related over business transactions and trade agreements develop. Scope is
wider as it has tendency over affecting business environment of an organization. The essay is
based over contract laws which is been covered through case study. Also binding contracts with
rights and duties is covered.
TASK
State what a contract is, and the conditions for forming one. Then, advise Avril and Belinda on
which contract(s), if any, have been formed in this negotiation and their rights and
responsibilities under such contracts.
Case study: In facts of the case it can be observed that Avril provides over services that
makes deal over advertisement upon local news paper and online mode is been used. Further
parties Belinda and Avril has formed contract between each other that is related to business. The
time period decided over contract is seven days(Grant, Arjoon and McGhee, 2017). The price
range decided for the contract is of seven fifty euros. In this email is been send over showing
acceptance over price range of nine hundred euros. Also contract has been formed over parties
within which an offer is been made through advertisement. In this contract is been formed
between parties that is an offer based over advertisement medium. Since parties to contract is
been send through emails making offer to each other. Under it contracting parties are Avril and
Belinda. State about condition of contract formation through the facts of the case it can be
understood that contract laws applied within the case scenario. These are the laws that has been
formed over making agreement with more efficiency. Under it an agreement formed between

two or more then two parties over making an agreement formed through efficiency. Under it an
agreement exists that is based over rules and regulations that makes contract formation possible.
In this agreement existing is based over parties willing over making contract formed in legal
manner. Agreement that has been created is based over rules and regulations that makes contract
formation possible through developing of framework within contract laws. Under it contract is
based over both expressed and implied manner making formation possible through maintaining
of contract laws. Contract formation can be justified through an statement that is “ An agreement
can be contract though contract cannot be considered as an agreement”. Contract laws are based
over those contract laws which has help in making agreement formed between two parties over
making strength attained in the eyes of. It leads towards forming of contract over sales of goods,
property and materials required by an organization. Also contract makes all kinds of aspects
regarding an agreement covered in more effective way. There are different elements used in
order to form contract these elements are offer, acceptance, obligation, legal aspects and
validity. The element helps in strengthening an agreement in order to shape perfect contract. In
offer idea is been provided to parties that has been making willingness in order to initiate
contract formation. Under acceptance other party to whom offer is been expressed accepts it and
proceed with contract formation. There are various kinds elements that is used for making
contract possible executed and they are offer, acceptance, obligation, legality and validity. As per
the elements of contract the first contractual element is offer that is based over idea which has
been presented by other party to another party. Second element is based over acceptance that is
shown by the party to whom idea or offer has been made. In this idea has been presented and
interest to accept it is been shown over another party. Third element that is required to be used is
obligation making rules and regulation formed regarding contract which lead over making
contract achieved in more effective way(Frau‐Meigs, 2021). Then comes fourth element that is
legality and legislation is applied over making contract formed in more organized manner. In this
legislation applied as per contract is checked that makes base of contract attain strength in the
eyes of law. Fifth element makes validity that is based over providing contract valid reason
which makes contract formation possible over legal basis and no illegality is there over contracts
to be formed. In this activities like smuggling and gambling can never be base for contract
formation. The elements makes contract formation possible in more effective way. Advise Avril
and Belinda in relation contract existing with rights and responsibility as per the facts that

has been marked out helps in analyses that acceptance is not showed over. The condition give
rise over invitation to treat that is related to aspects making offer to be formed in relation over
acceptance regarding such law. In this aspects offer has only been presented but no acceptance is
made over elements that makes acceptance over elements which makes contract null void.
Relevant case law in relation over situation is Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v
Boots the case is based over making self services system that is required to be installed over
shops. Under the system customers makes pick -up goods through shelf and then putting them in
basket till cash is been paid. Under it Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain brought action
over making action that makes determination of legality over system. In this sales of
pharmaceutical products is been required over making determination of contract that has brought
into existence. As per the rule medicine is required to be sold by law that is been sold only within
presence of an pharmacists(Dickinson, 2017). In this court is required over determining contract
come within existence. Further court held that goods over shelf constituting invitation to treat
which is not been offered. In this customer takes goods and making offer purchase and shop has
been providing assistance then chooses over making acceptance in relation to offer. The contract
is therefore concluded at the till in the presence of a pharmacist.
Case study: The case makes deal done upon binding contract that has been formed within
parties to contract they are Darwash, Charlie and Eddie. Charlie provides services that is related
over electricity within home town Flitterbug. Eddie that is an independent contractor and
Drewash is contract provider. In this bill has been received by Darewash for three thousand five
hundred euros from Darewash and five hundred Euro from Charlie. This makes work not
completed with more effectiveness. Advise Darwash over which contract in the case law it has
been analysed that binding contract makes agreement formed between parties and also make sure
that legal obligation is been created which is formed between parties. In this rights has been
formed which makes rights. Right to timely and full monetary payment. Right to repairs,
refunds, or exchanges. Right to file a lawsuit over a contract breach or dispute. Remedies in
relation to Charlie and Eddie as per contract laws breach takes place that acts as wrong
committed in relation to contract. There are certain remedies which is available for breach and
they are damages, injunction, specific performance,repudiation and repossession. In the case
repudiation is been used in order to prove misrepresentation and undue influence(Canellopoulou-
Bottis and et. al., 2019).

CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that business law and ethics are those laws
which is been used within an business organization in order to make it achieve various goals with
objectives. In this essay further discussion is done over contract laws that is been provided in
order to make an agreement valid in nature. Then in this essay covers about various aspects
related over contract. Also in this rights has been explained with binding contracts.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Canellopoulou-Bottis, M and et. al., 2019. The Right to Human Intervention: Law, Ethics and
Artificial Intelligence. Ethics and Artificial Intelligence (July 31, 2019).
Dickinson, A.L., 2017. Recent Ethics Opinions of Significance. J. Legal Prof., 42, p.291.
Frau‐Meigs, D., 2021. Addressing the Risks of Harms Caused by Disinformation: European vs.
US Approaches to Testing the Limits of Dignity and Freedom of Expression Online.
Handbook of Communication Rights, Law, and Ethics, pp.135-146.
Grant, P., Arjoon, S. and McGhee, P., 2017. Reconciling Ethical Theory and Practice: Toward
Developing a Business Ethics Pedagogical Model. Business and Professional Ethics
Journal, 36(1), pp.41-65.
Kamaliah, S and et. al., 2018. Internalisation of islamic value on ethics in corporate culture in
Malaysia.
Scharding, T.K., 2017. Remote Consequences for Non-Consequentialists: A Kantian Approach
to the Ethics of Uncertainty. Geo. JL & Pub. Pol'y, 15, p.865.
Skidelsky, R., 2020. Ethics and Economics. In What’s Wrong with Economics? (pp. 161-180).
Yale University Press.