Analysis of Strategic Planning Approaches in Urban Tourism: A UK Focus

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URBAN TOURISM
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Table of Contents
Introduction:...............................................................................................................................3
Part 1..........................................................................................................................................4
Part 2..........................................................................................................................................9
Conclusions:.............................................................................................................................13
References list..........................................................................................................................14
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Introduction:
Urban tourism is describing some tourist activities where main destination is city and place
of interest. Tourism business is getting more popular since 50’s but urban tourism is getting
subject of research of tourism since 80’s and 90’s although it was very underestimated
before. Cities are connected strongly with their roads, transportation and railways now. These
days, travelling to different cities are much cheaper than it was before. Awareness of urban
tourisms is significantly growing over the years. The main aim of the research is to learn the
urban tourism development by analyzing all the strategic plans and statistics for evaluating
planning approaches. Alternatively, the benefits of producing strategic plans of a destination
are also examined. Any destination need a good economical, environmental, there are many
types of planning approaches are there. However, here only one social planning approach is
implementation is elaborated. Planning approach implementations and the pros and cons of
the approaches. Social benefit and problem are also analyzed (Colantonio, 2017).
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Part 1
A. Examine the benefits of producing tourism strategic plans and give an example of a
destination that has benefited from it. (Academic and other sources must be used).
Strategic planning is a process of identifying the objectives and defining as well as evaluating
methods to achieve the aim that considers all the resources, organisations, markets and
schedule within the destinations and considers all the factors, such as economical,
environmental, social and institutional aspect of the tourism developments as well. Strategic
planning is generally a long term methods which differ it from short term methods, where
long term strategic planning method does not guarantee any success but improves the unusual
of the success (Sharpley, 2015). A city can offer varieties of products or services to attract
the people on the tourist market by developing their city. Cultural tourism got more
preferences as culture is the most important motives for travelling. Planning process by which
plans are measured primarily to ensure the innovations for the growth of any city for the
tourist attraction. The strategy focuses on the challenges and development of the cities.
Tourist planning aims usually defined by three main factors,
 Major elements of the tourism destination plan should have to be identified.
 The concept by which, master of comprehensive planning in tourism development
should have to be understand.
 The importance of tourism destination need some proper planning.
Urban tourism plans has some process of planning process. This process starts from study
preparation, which defining the determination of tourism development objectives. Survey and
Evaluations are also a needed process to get proper planning. Then, the analysis of the survey
and evaluation is to optimise. Policy and plan formulation is the next process of planning.
Recommendation for the better output is the next planning process. At last, the
implementation of all the recommendations has to be cared by the management. If any
special environment features is there, then that must be included for the advantage of the
attraction. Need to concentrate in the certain areas related to major attraction for convenience
and efficiency. Providing a good support of public transportation can help for the better
output. Tourist concentration booths can be set-up where the concentrations of the tourist are
there. Good tourist information and guide map will also help to encourage the tourist for the
place. Maintaining the pollutions, high-level public safety standards and providing the
controlled environment will increase the tourist numbers (Edgell, 2016). This panning
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process will help a city to get attraction by the tourist. This planning process is obtaining
through dynamic, flexible and adaptable planning process. Strategic planning process is
cyclical process which consisting three major factors. The main factor incorporates choice to
start an arranging procedure, readiness and selection of a dream proclamation, production of
a system for partners, upgrades, investigation and characterizing techniques. Second factor is
increasingly elaborative and it is worried about the definition of the key designs. The third
factor of the arranging procedure is the last procedure, where the arrangement is executed and
observed. As the plan is monitored and evaluated, the plan is reviewed and revised in proper
way. Urban tourism has also those three parts of strategic plans, because the urban tourism
cannot go beyond the process of strategic planning. If it will not follow the strategic plan,
then the random development can affect the urban tourism negatively (Papadimitriou et al.,
2018).
Figure 1: Principles for strategic tourism planning.
(Source: Created by learner)
The method of framework to establish the process as well as planning for sustainable tourism
development in Trellick Tower in UK are based on five set of principles as shown in the
figure 1. The overall objectives of strategic planning for sustainable tourism development
are-
Include the communities to take a bigger picture view for their tourism organisation to
recognise their strength, weakness, opportunity and threats. Focusing on the setting goals and
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Strategic planning approach
Stakeholder’s
improvement
SPSTD
Tourism carrying capacity
Integrated Zone
management
Sustainable tourism aim

objectives and formulating the actions plans. Emphasise the need for sustainability of tourism
to be market driven. Organise the resources to facilitate the projects and activities, the short,
medium and long-term plans and providing the goals to assists with performance evaluation
(Singh, 2017).
The 31-storey Trellick Tower is now one of the best places to visit in urban UK. The tourist
despite of its acclaimed architect attracts this place although this is a grade-II listed statue.
However, Erno Goldfinger’s Brutalist structure has been named in the top 50 urban gems in
Britain in a list generated by American express. This building was completed in 1972. Now
some of the flats in the upper storeys and the lobby are often opened for the tourist. A local
theatre company, the social political independent direct, will be welcoming the guest for the
visiting of the building.
Development of urban type of attraction and facilities, such as the attraction near the city
must be included to provide the basis for the day tours outside the city. This tower is in
Golborne Road in Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Kensal town is one of the
developing cities in the UK. The planning approach of the tower started in recent days. In
this tower, maximum numbers of the tenants bought their flats. A coherent strategy built for
the entire city and the region. Focusing on the architecture involve the prestigious are
refurnishing. Refurnishing the heritages are getting in more preferences that includes the
Trellick tower. This tower helps the community to attract the people from the other places,
which helping the community with social, economical, physical changes. This tower does not
give entry every day.
There are some particular time and date, when this tower is opened. This is a solution for the
over capacity of tourism. On every opening day, there are limited coupon is given for the
entry. Therefore, there is no chance of over capacity. This tower has an ambience of
happiness. Environment of the location is awesome because, there is lake in the other side
and that makes the tower single building on that area. No pollution is there as it is too high.
The top floor of the building attracting the tourist because, everyone can see approximately
the whole city from there. There is sustainable tourism aim that implies, they only think about
the heritage, not even going for the higher profit as there are already some family staying.
Communication plan for this destination is also very comfortable. Therefore, tourist can
easily go to the location. Positioning and image is also clear for this heritage. This
architecture is very impressive which gives a new era for the new architectures.
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B. Evaluate at least one planning approach for tourism development and illustrate your
evaluation with an example of where this planning approach has been implemented.
Discuss the pros and cons of this approach.
Survey and planning is always continues process. Data collection forms associated with any
survey, which is purposed for the planning that cannot proceed without sufficient data.
Strategic planning approach is an organisational process that defines its strategy, direction
and making decisions on all allocating to its resources. It can be also extend to control
mechanisms for the implementation of the strategies (Kerzner et al., 2017). Separating of
planning and survey is not practical. Planning approach can be defined as the devise detailed
methods for doing, arranging and making something. Particular things have particular
approaches. The travel industry is a power of progress and the individuals who trust in its
capacity of progress have a well-meaning plan for the social, temperate and ecological
advancements. Tourist can help people by forcing them into the competitive tourist places to
see how they grow their own conquer. Changes sometimes help them to create a good
environment for the better impact (Alonso et al., 2018).
A social collaborative approach is the first approach that comes into the mind. Socially,
tourism can influence the host society. Tourism can be both a source of international amity as
well as peace and understanding as well as destroyer, a source of ecological destruction.
Social contacts between tourist and local people may result of a mutual understanding,
tolerance, family bonding respect as well as learning, awareness and liking. Host can learn
the culture of tourist, without even moving from home and tourists are learning distinctive
culture too (Moscardo et al., 2017).
The tourist benefits local communities by improving their social infrastructure such as
libraries, schools, internet cafe, and health organisations and others. Besides, if the local
culture is the base of the attraction then the tourist will be benefited from the host, which will
helps to preserve the local traditions and hand crafts to an extinction link. A straightforward
arrangement of stages depicts the host network's reaction and connection between two
societies. The nearby resilience limit and the hosts' protection from expanding the travel
industry advancement depended on the dread of losing network and that these host network
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will experience some arrangement of stages which not likely satisfactory for the host. In
social, there are four model of host irritation, those are- Euphoria, Apathy, Annoyance and
Antagonism. Apathy welcomes visitor and investors but in apathy, visitors are taken for
granted and the relationship is more formal. Annoyance is that condition, where residents
misgiving about tourism. The relationship is not so well as they think the visitor are problem
for them. However, in antagonism, irritation openly expressed and here resident thinks that
tourist is problem for them.
Manchester is a city where all type of people can be found in England. In this city, there are
so many heritages that attracting the tourist. Other than this, this football city, every football
lover has a dream to come Manchester. The social and cultural changes are there because of
the tourist. These changes have some good as well as bad impact too. Those are-
Pros and Cons
Social and social effects of the travel industry are the manner by which changing worth
frameworks, singular conduct, family relationship, and way of life, moral direct, inventive
articulations, and conventional function and so on. In other words, these are the effects on the
host communities by their direct and indirect involvement with tourist. The social-cultural
effects of the tourist are not simple to measure. It is very large extend which may be
unknown. Attitudes and perceptions of the host population vary because of the tourism. A
mix culture started from new starts as the tourism culture and the host culture mixed
(Boniface et al., 2016). The main difference between social approaches and many other
interventions is the motivational and aspiration effects of approaches are, the participants are
taken out from their own usual environments. This reduces certain aspects of exclusions and
provides self-esteem. Social approaches have some benefits that have been discussed already.
However, the problem of being social approaches are also too many. This social approach
changes some authentic culture, which cannot found after some years (Hong, 2015).
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Part 2
A. Assess how the reuse of historic buildings contributes to strategic tourism
development. Give one example of a historic building in London that is used for
tourism, leisure, and events functions and how it benefits its local area socially and
economically.
Strategic tourism development is the sustainable development in tourism with an emphasis on
new strategies (Ezeuduji, 2015). The section of this study analyzes that how strategic tourism
development helps to establish effective management. The Government of UK is supporting
the tourism sectors through multiple tourism strategies so that the sectors can grow and get
more tourists. In order to attract tourists the improvement various infrastructures like water
and sewage system, communication and network and others that will be beneficial for local
residential improvement too. The management looks after the tourists by providing
transportation, food, lodging, shopping, and entertainment facility. The development
achieved by providing tourists with multiple facilities and safety, is called the development of
tourism. The balanced strategic development will result in an increased number of tourists in
the longer term. Tourism plays a major role in developing UK’s GDP and creates job
opportunities in a country. Strategic tourism is the source of earning foreign currency and
growing a country’s economy. Tourism preserves the cultural and natural resources of a
country so tourism will lead to cross-cultural exchanges. The strategic development will help
to spread the popularity of a particular tourism sector in other countries by the satisfied
tourists.
The historical sites like national monuments, heritage buildings, religious monuments, tombs
of great people and other sites, which have a significant history, are known as historical
tourism sites. Tourists travel in places to experience the authentic essence of stories and
people which has been occurred in past (Aitchison et al., 2014). Municipality often supports
the historic tourism sites through promotion in multiple countries. Historical tourism helps to
strengthen the identity of any identity. The buildings are preserved for their historic values
that are protected by law. The sites and buildings are powered by the national historic sites
status. London is popular for having some of the world’s leading tourism destinations (Gunn,
2014). The British Museum of London is a historic building and attracts 5.9 million tourists
around the world (Robertson, 2015). Historic building contributes to revitalizing the identity
of a community and their traditions. The United Kingdom is a country where tourism plays a
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key role to enhance the economy of the country. The historic tourisms are considered the
strong influence on 50% of tourist’s choices on their holiday destination. However, it also
leads to a grown tourist economy. The constructive conservation of any such historic building
will lead to the reuse of historic properties of British foundation that will also support the
distinguished local environment.
Historical and cultural tourism is the fastest growing tourism sector in the UK. Most of the
time the abandoned historical places and open space places have a risk of damage and decay,
which will affect the attraction of tourists. Reduced amount of tourists will lead to loss of
opportunities and fewer revenues. The government of UK regulates the sites so that the
buildings can be repaired as well as maintained. This will lead to the recruitment of more
local people and the employment opportunities will increase. According to a report, heritage
tourism of UK contributes pound 20-billion pound to the country’s economy. Reusing a very
authentic historic building drives the tourists from overseas.
The reuse of historic buildings is a part of sustainable development, which assures the
fulfillment of environment, economic, socio-cultural goals. Historic building also has a
contribution to urban strengthening. The buildings can be reconstructed that can be used as
vibrant places. This may lead the residents of neighboring old cities to become more
advanced and socio-cultural. The reuse of any historical building not only enriches the
management and developer of that site but also benefits the local and national government.
Heritage can be reused as cafes, hotels for tourist and museum and others.
Most of the people and tourists of Britain belong to the medium to the high economy group
so there is a chance of generating higher revenues and tourist satisfaction by providing them
with luxurious reused accommodations. Reuse of heritages have some drawbacks also as the
management has to deal with critical damaged building without changing its actual structure.
The construction cost is much higher and conflict issues may arise (Ferretti et al., 2014).
There are some examples of reused tourism, which proves the regeneration of an urban area.
The heritage graves of London show how the regeneration of heritage can contribute to the
economy. The cemetery of London has some bold and beautiful grave areas, which have
some stunning memorials. The city of London cemetery conducts a programme that involves
the conservation of traditional graves and allows local families to lease the existing grave
areas with monuments. The families can also renovate the existing monuments, which have
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helped the monument to be back with its beauty. The former beauty of the graveyard has
been attracting the tourists and contributing to the growth of the economy (Cairns, 2014).
London is famous in the world for its existing landmarks heritages. Some of those historical
buildings can also be hired as a venue for the corporate or private event. Hampton court
palace is a royal palace, which is located on the north banks of the Thames River and 11
miles away from Central London (Palaces and Discover, 2016). The palace in today is open
to all tourists and reputed as a heritage tourist attraction. The palace is easily reachable via
trains and other transports. The palace does not receive any funding from the government. An
independent charity takes care of that place.
The palace drives tourists easily as it has historic attractions such as the royal tennis court,
garden, celebrated maze and grapevine. The ceiling of the Chapel is considered most splendid
in Britain. The reconstruction of the hall was started in 1796 and the reconstruction was
completed in 1838. Queen Victoria opened it for the public after the reconstruction at 1838.
From the 1760’s many of the palace’s room was supposed to be a rent-free apartment. Later
in 1990, the palace was renovated again. The palace has appeared in many films, which has
helped to promote the beauty and stories of the palace.
Figure 1: Hampton court palace
(Source: Dolman, 2017)
The palace has gained revenue of 29.9 million that shows the attraction of tourists towards
the location. The historical building has been highlighted by opening magic garden for
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tourists. The place has been attracting tourists for years (Dutton, 2014). The tourists from
foreign countries are more likely to stay in a luxurious place and taste the royal lifestyle
closely. There is an opportunity for the tourism sector to rent some of the rooms in the
apartment so that they can earn from the tourists. As the maintenance, the government does
not sponsor cost of the palace. The management authority will be able to use the revenue to
regenerate and redecorate the building, which will bring back the former beauty. Museums
are playing a major role in the sphere of tourism and leisure. The palace should start an
exhibition of the goods used by the King and other people from the past. Nowadays, the trend
of a destination wedding and royal wedding are becoming famous. The palace has a unique
garden and the beauty of the palace is perfect for any wedding reception. The palace authority
may rent the palace for the wedding ceremony, as there will be a scope of earning more than
the usual earning.
This will help to attract high-income group people and there will be a chance for improving
the local people, as they will get some work. The palace authority should ensure the fact that
they are addressing customer’s expectation that will help to promote their tourism site as the
satisfied tourists tend to do the mouth advertisement of the place. The palace may also rent
their building for any other event function. The economic benefit from the local community
will be increased. The motives for attending events may be relaxing, spending family time,
experiencing novelty and others. The palace leaves an impact on the local area positively.
The palace benefits the local area both socially and economically. The local people of the
area get job opportunities as the demand and number of tourists of this place increases. The
locals work as tourist guides, food providers, they also rent an apartment for tourists. The
locals get a chance of earning more revenues. Foreigners are the carrier of the cultures and
traditions of other countries so the local get to know about other countries.
The regeneration of the building has also brought social change among the local residents. In
order to, serve the tourists and meet their expectations the local residents are updating
themselves, which has a brought a change to the urban areas. Conservation of an old building
not only benefits the authority and government but also helps to grow the local residents and
bring\ new opportunities. The heritage has a significant role in exchanging the local
community traditions and historic identity of a place. The old historic heritages are a
reminder of the cultures of a city, which can contribute to the nation’s economy (Mowforth
and Munt, 2015).
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