Urbanization in Super Cities: Problems, Analysis, and Solutions

This report investigates the challenges arising from rapid urbanization in super cities, focusing on issues like pollution, energy scarcity, traffic congestion, and high population density. The study identifies pollution as a primary concern, stemming from increased waste generation and traffic. The report proposes the Functional Analysis Method, specifically the Waste Management System derived from the Smart City Concept, as a solution. This system encompasses waste storage, collection, transfer, transport, processing, and disposal, with the potential involvement of NGOs and CBOs for efficient pollution control. The justification for selecting Functional Analysis Method is provided, emphasizing its utility in process design and architecture definition. The report includes context diagrams, functional hierarchy diagrams, functional flow diagrams, and state transition diagrams to illustrate the proposed waste management system. Ultimately, this report offers a comprehensive analysis of urbanization challenges and a practical solution for sustainable development in super cities.

Introduction
Rapid Urbanization is very helpful for the development and growth for the human beings.
This has been a prevalent factor for the Super Cities. In the time of globalization and technical
revolution, the lifestyles and the demand of human being have changed considerably. The people
are looking for more development in the society and as well as for the infrastructures. The
demand for luxury has increased to a great deal in the past few years. This report deals with the
different type of problems that can arise due to the Rapid urbanization in the super cities.
The different type of problems that can arise due to the urbanization in the super cities
and the possible remedies for the problems that are described in the report.
The report consists of the discussion about the major problems and selection of the main
problems for discussion in this report. The solutions about for the problems have also been
provided in this report. In addition to this, some analysis regarding the solutions are also
provided in this report.
Factors affecting the rapid urbanization
The main cause for the rapid urbanization of the super cities are the increase in the rate of
migration of the majority of the population from the rural areas to the urban areas. According to
surveys it has been found that every week around 1.5 million people move towards the cities
from the rural areas. In the number tends to be higher in the areas around Asia and Africa. The
main reasons being the availability of jobs, services and also facilities and infrastructure in the
urban areas.

Figure 1: Forecasted growth of population in various cities
Source: (http://www.knightfrank.com/globalcities/2017/super-cities)
Additionally, it has also been mentioned that, the growth in income is one of the major
causes for the migration of the major part of the population is the availability of jobs in the urban
areas. Other factors affecting the growth of urbanization are better lifestyle, higher income,
increased opportunities and also centralized market for the human beings.
Problems due to Rapid Urbanization in super Cities
There has been various type of problems that have been raised due to the rapid
urbanization in the super cities.

Figure 2: Major Problems arising from Rapid Urbanization
Source: (created by Author)
Pollution
Pollution is one of the major problems that are being faced due to the rapid rate of
urbanization the super cities. With the increasing amount of wastes in the city the amount of
pollution within the city is also increasing. There are various other reasons for the rise of level
pollutions in the super cities. This hampers various sectors of the city and also affects the life of
common people living in the city.
Energy Scares
Another issues with the rapid urbanization is the scarcity of energy within the city. The
cities have the requirement of installation of very huge building structures within the city. Hence,
this results in the scarcity of energy within the city. In addition to this the increasing amount of

population within the city also results in the increased amount of demand for the infrastructures
within the city. Hence, these infrastructures require very high level of energy. This results in the
energy scares within the city.
Traffic Congestion
The high rate population within the city also results in the traffic congestion. The high
level of population means that there is higher demand of cars in the city. This would result in the
congestion of traffic within the city.
High Population Density
The rapid urbanization has also increased the density of population within the city. The
people from the rural areas are moving into the cities and this is increasing the rate of population
per area within the city. Hence, as a result the population density increases to a great level within
the city.
Selection of the main problem
Pollution is identified to be the main problem that arises with the rapid urbanization
within the city. Every other type of problems that are prevalent within the city are resultant into
this problem. The main cause of pollution within the city is due to the increase amount of
population within the cities. The increasing amount of population results into increased number
of infrastructures within the city that generates a lot of waste. This increase the level of
population within the city. The increased amount of population also increases the traffic
congestion within the city that increase the level of air pollution within the city. The pollution
hampers the environment of the city that in return hampers the health of the people of the city
and also this hampers the health of the people in the city. In addition, to this pollution is also one

of the major factors that is behind the widespread diseases that are prevalent in many of the super
cities.
Possible resolution of the problems by Functional Analysis Method
The functional Analysis method is selected as the possible remedy for the resolution of
the situation. System thinking is being used at a huge rate in these days and it is one of the main
procedure that can be used for the resolution of the complex problems that are arising in the
modern cities. The Four Level Thinking is used here in this problem as a solution. It is based on
the Iceberg Model that consists of the four level thinking. It is a very useful approach obtained
for system thinking. Hence, for the problem the Four Level Model has been used.
Figure 3: “The Iceberg Model – Four Levels of Thinking”
(Source: Northwest Earth Institute, 2017)
The Functional Analysis Method also falls in this type of analysis method. This is very
important for the solution of the problem that is hand in this point of time. Under this
methodology the waste management system has been selected as the most appropriate solution
Events
Patterns
System structures
Mental models

for the problems in the city that are faced due to pollution. The Waste management is a concept
derived from the Smart City Concept. This concept is very useful for the realization of the smart
environment in the super cities. The development of technology can also be used for the
development of ecofriendly technologies and this is a prime example for this type of
development. This system would help the disposal of various type of wastes that are generated
from the city. This system would also help in dealing with the haphazard urbanization that is
generating huge amount of waste from within the city. The system comprises of waste storage,
collection, transfer, transport and processing of disposal. Various type of NGOs and CBOs can
also be associated with this type of systems. This will enable efficient pollution control within
the city.
Justification for the selection of Functional Analysis Method
The Functional analysis method is selected for this problem as the it is a fundamental tool
that can be used for the design of processes that makes use of the new concepts and also helps in
the definition of the architectures. This methodology is very useful for the system engineers so
that they are now are provided with the option of displaying their ideas by means of diagrams
and graphics. This process allows the users to map the functional requirements of the physical
components into logical views. Hence, the section of the Functional Analysis Method is justified
for the solution for the problems at hand. The functional analysis consists of the following parts:

Context Diagram
Figure 4: Context Diagram of Waste Management System
Source: (created by Author)
Functional Hierarchy Diagram
The waste management system performs several functions. The system is required to
complete the following objectives:
 Reducing wastes generated within the city
 Effective management of waste generated within the city
 Disposal of waste within city
 Recycling of wastes

Firstly, the waste generated from the city and the household activity performed in the city
are to reduces and disposed efficiently by the general pubic of the city. The waste generated from
the other parts of the city are to collected and stored by the workers assigned by the government
workers. The NGO and the CGOs can also aid in performing various activities that would be
keeping the city clean and also the help the workers in collection of wastes to some extent. The
final act is to be performed by the waste disposal organization is reducing and recycling the
waste products.
Functional Flow Diagram
State Transition Diagram
N2 Chart
Conclusion