A Report: Ramifications of Increasing Numbers of Urgent Care Clinics

This report investigates the implications of the growing number of urgent care clinics within the healthcare sector. It begins by defining urgent care and its role, highlighting the need for such facilities due to increased patient pressure and emergency situations. The report explores the ramifications of this expansion, including potential impacts on healthcare costs, patient outcomes, and the efficiency of medical services. It also analyzes the role of healthcare professionals in promoting and utilizing urgent care clinics for the welfare of citizens. The methodology includes research questions, objectives, and a literature review examining existing studies. The report aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and challenges associated with the rise of urgent care clinics, offering insights into their impact on healthcare delivery and patient access to timely medical attention. It also addresses ethical considerations and potential outcomes related to the expansion of these clinics, providing a valuable resource for students and professionals interested in healthcare management and policy.

The Ramifications of Increasing
Numbers of Urgent Care Clinics
(Protocol)

Contents
Project title & RQ............................................................................................................................1
Research questions.................................................................................................................1
Purpose of the project.............................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Research aim..........................................................................................................................3
Research objectives................................................................................................................3
Background......................................................................................................................................3
Literature review....................................................................................................................3
The basic understanding of urgent care in healthcare sector..................................................4
The need of urgent care clinics due to increased pressure of patients....................................5
The ramifications of increased number of urgent care clinics...............................................6
The role of care professionals for encouraging urgent care homes for welfare of citizens....7
Methodology....................................................................................................................................8
Types of investigation method...............................................................................................8
Research design......................................................................................................................8
Data collection methods.........................................................................................................8
Research approach..................................................................................................................9
Timescale for proposed plan (GANTT chart)........................................................................9
Feasibility of the project.......................................................................................................10
Ethical considerations...........................................................................................................10
Possible/Expected outcomes..........................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

Project title & RQ
The project title is ‘The Ramifications of Increasing Numbers of Urgent Care Clinics’.
Research questions
 How to identify the basic understanding of urgent care in healthcare sector?
 What is the need of urgent care clinics due to increased pressure of patients?
 How to analyse the ramifications of increased number of urgent care clinics?
 What are the ways to examine the role of care professionals for encouraging urgent care
homes for welfare of citizens?
Purpose of the project
The purpose of this project is to evaluate the need of urgent care clinics in country according
to the emergency situations occurs in healthcare sector. It includes that contingency takes place
on hospitals due to which sufficient resources of staff is not available then it is required to
establish separate urgent care departments with well trained staff members so that desired care
facilities can be delivered for their wellbeing (Scibetta and et. al., 2016). However, it is observed
that health problem may occur anytime due to specific seasonal or locations changes which are
required to be treated immediately. It is observed that every health care organisation has
department for emergency care but they are not sufficient as per patient count in emergency
wards. It is necessary for higher authorities of healthcare sector and government to focus on this
important aspect so that sufficient level of emergency services is available for every person for
gaining desired medical facility for their wellness. Meanwhile, this project has a reason to
encourage focus of government medical problems may take place anytime and patient need
immediate care due to which needed source should be available to staff members so that they can
treat disease easily. It is necessary to maintain specific urgent care clinics by having well trained
employees who were capable to deliver better quality of services quickly.
Introduction
Urgent care is required to be available with well trained staff because emergency situations
occur any times which needs immediate action for wellbeing of an individual. It includes the fact
that many times emergency situations take place in medical field which are required to be treated
immediately for saving an individual’s life (Kaufman and et. al., 2016). However, it has been
analysed that most of the diseases are very much critical and complex which are not able to
1

evaluate at early stages. It is observed that these health problems were diagnosed at complicated
stages of problem due to which physicians should rake decisions immediate in accurate manner
for wellness of an individual. Meanwhile, it is necessary for healthcare department to establish
more effective as well as efficient urgent care clinics in order to deal with contingency situations.
It also consists the important criterion of providing training and learning to staff members for
boosting up their skills as well as knowledge level which facilitate to increase accuracy of
clinical decision for welfare of patients. It has been analysed that government should take actions
and provide sufficient sources to improve efficiency of entire healthcare sector. It is necessary to
make regular training programs compulsory and physicians should conduct medical sessions for
junior practitioner to improve their clinical skills (Barnert, Perry and Morris, 2016). Meanwhile,
urgent care clinics are required to be established in every geographical region of the country in
respect of making appropriate availability of emergency services for wellbeing of citizens. It is
also necessary to observed that need of contingency clinical situations which are helpful to make
an individual disease free respectively.
On the other hand, urgent care clinics are needed in case of complicated health problems
which are responsible for developing problematic conditions. It is necessary for such urgent care
clinic staff to make people aware about early common symptoms of severe diseases to consult
from physician so that appropriate treatment can be provide earlier to avoid complexities.
Basically, it is observed that large hospitals also have small critical care units which are not
sufficient according to the ratio of complicated diseased patients. It involves the fact that
government should provide appropriate amount of funds to healthcare sector in terms of making
healthcare system more strong to deliver efficient acre services respectively. Meanwhile, it
includes the need of making urgent care clinics to deliver need facilities for each and every
citizen of the nation (Signorelli and et. al., 2017). It includes the fact that urgent care facilities
are required to enhance much because complex situation acquired by patients leads to death
which should be prevented by improving healthcare system. In addition to this, it is observed
that there are various types of severe health issues such as cancer, lung infections, heart diseases
and many more. It is required to focus on severe health problems according to which specific
urgent care clinics can be maintained to make citizens health better. Moreover, it is essential to
make an individual capable to easily gain contingency care facilities rather than travelling for
much to gain care services to become disease free. Many of times people leads to death within
2

the duration of travelling which increase death rate of the country which is not favourable for
development of the nation respectively.
Research aim
“To analyse the ramifications due to increased number of urgent care clinics in healthcare
sector.”
Research objectives
 To identify the basic understanding of urgent care in healthcare sector.
 To evaluate the need of urgent care clinics due to increased pressure of patients.
 To analyse the ramifications of increased number of urgent care clinics.
 To examine the role of care professionals for encouraging urgent care homes for welfare
of citizens.
Background
In context of this investigation, it is based on the topic of ramifications of increased urgent
clinics. It is observed that urgent care is required to deal with contingency medical situations to
make patients disease free. However, urgent care is beneficial to deal with contingency
circumstances in medical field to make people stable. It will focus on basic understanding related
to urgent care in healthcare care sector along with its need due to increased pressure of patients.
Meanwhile, it is needed that urgent is favourable to deliver more effective as well as efficient
medical treatment for wellbeing of patient by making accurate decision making (Randall and et.
al., 2017). However, it will also include the criterion of analysing ramifications of increased
number of urgent care clinics. It impacts positively to enhance urgent care centres as it is
beneficial to reduce cost of facilities and reduce delay in delivery of medications which is
suitable to decrease death rate among poor people. Moreover, the role of care professionals in
terms of encouraging urgent homes for welfare of citizens is given here. It is necessary for
medical practitioners to acquire training sessions for increase skills to work in urgent care centres
for improving health condition of overall population
Literature review
Literature can be defined as a comprehensive approach to summarise facts by analysing
previous research papers. It includes carrying out thorough study of views or opinions provided
by different authors which are relevant to selected research problem of topic. However, it has
3

been analysed that different types of research paper are analysed and reviewed to gather related
information in order to gain appropriate findings. It involves the criterion of first defining
research goal and then conduct investigation by reviewing vies of various authors who has
already conduct study on similar topic.
The basic understanding of urgent care in healthcare sector
Urgent care services can be described as to provide necessary facilities to a person that are
required for an illness or injury that would not result in further disability or death if not treated
immediately. According to the views given by Martsolf and et. al., (2017), it had been analysed
that various kinds of severe diseases can easily acquire sever condition which must be treated
quickly to save patient otherwise it may lead to death. However, it is observed that many of
patients get died because they do not get care services on time. It is required for physicians to
first make availability of medical facilities and treatment in every small town and local area of
the country so that nearby people can easily access to healthcare facilities to improve their
wellness. It is very important to focus on enhancing health condition of overall population living
in the country because they have an important role in order to improve economy of the nation
respectively. Basically, urgent care condition includes that professionals should put attention and
has the potential for developing such threat whose treatment delays longer than 24 hours. It is
necessary for government authorities to organise urgent care clinics who provide services for
free of cost and that are only available for poor people to save their lives. It is beneficial to make
them wellbeing which is suitable to enhance economy of the nation. Moreover, it is necessary to
render contingency services on time because time is important factor to deliver care facilities in
emergency situations in order to make an individual healthy.
In addition to this, urgent care medicine can be considered as a provision of immediate
medical service offering outpatient care in terms of providing treatment for acute and chronic
illness or injury. As per opinion provided by Greer and et. al., (2016), it includes the criterion of
requiring wide and comprehensive fund of information for providing such medical facilities.
Basically, it consists the need of excellence in care in regards of sick people having complicated
or unusual situations that is founded on the proper conversation as well as cooperation between
care professionals. It is necessary to make effective communication and coordination among care
medicine physician, the specialist and primary physicians. However, it has been evaluated that
accurate communication is must between medical practitioners in respect of making appropriate
4

decision to deliver care facilities to people. It is very important to train professionals on regular
basis so that they become much capable to make quick decision with accuracy which is
beneficial to deal with complicated situations in appropriate manner. Meanwhile, it has been
examined that the urgent care is not accountable to replace the primary care physicians but their
advice and cooperation plays an important role to make an individual disease free. It is observed
that primary care provider is aware about actual condition and earlier information of specific
patient due to which they are capable to support in making accurate decisions. Moreover, it can
be considered as urgent care clinic is known to be convenient choice for people when their
regular physician is not available. It consists the fact that when illness strikes outside of regular
office hours the urgent acre is helpful to provide alternative option besides of waiting to gain
immediate and appropriate treatment to overcome with particular disease.
As mentioned by Goodman and et. al., (2016), urgent care practitioners were not available
at front line of medicine but they are capable to deal with contingency medical situations to make
an individual healthy. It includes the criterion of making patients healthy by delivering accurate
and immediate care. However, it is observed that most of people having contingency situation
were seen in ambulatory medicine then they gate treated by urgent care professionals by
diagnosing actual problem and treating the same in independent manner. Moreover, they consult
from regular physician and specialist for further treatment to enhance accuracy of care services
for wellbeing of patients. Urgent services should be available in sufficient manner to deliver
desired medical facilities for making patient capable to overcome with disease. Additionally, it is
observed that emergency services should be improved by increasing knowledge level of urgent
care practitioners to maintain health status of entire population of the country.
The need of urgent care clinics due to increased pressure of patients
As per views of Sara Heath (2017), it has been evaluated that urgent care centres prove
effective for providing help and accessibility to patients, who require immediate medical
facilities to overcome from certain health issues, where any delay may put their life in danger
(Using Urgent Care Centres to Support Rural Patient Care Access, 2017). Mostly, urgent care
centres help in delivery care services for severe conditions of patients such as – major accidents
and falls; Sprains & Strains, Bleeding, cuts or any issue which may put their life in danger if
immediate care will not provide. As people who live in rural areas face many problems in getting
accessibility of primary care services. Therefore, a small health issue like flue, influenza or other,
5

becomes severe when not getting timely care. This would create pressure for health and social
care centres to establish urgent care clinics in rural areas as much as possible. It will help public
to improve their quality of life by getting immediate services at nearby place, without waiting
much for appointment (Randall and et. al., 2017). Communities who are facing severe non-life
threatening health problems, may get benefits easily through urgent care clinics. The immediate
access of information has put significantly impacted on expectations, about how medical care
will help patients to meet their demands for urgent care.
Furthermore, increasing pressure of people to get immediate care services on low cost and
easy accessibility, force healthcare centres and public authorities of UK to open more urgent care
centres (Barnert, Perry and Morris, 2016). These institutions provide emergent medical services
relatively on affordable cost. However, urgent care centres are mostly not equipped to deal
handle life-threatening emergency cases. But can help in providing medical services for non-life
threatening injuries, which requires the immediate attention for living sustainable and healthy
life. Urgent care centres in most of the countries including UK, are designed for deal with
patients within shortest duration of time as possible. This would help patient to get appointments
in less than half an hour, for see a medical professional. Urgent care means to provide quick and
accurate medical treatment according to specific health problem to make an individual
wellbeing. It includes the positive impact of increased urgent care services as it is helpful to
reduce cost of emergency services because travelling expense can be eliminated (Alliman and
Phillippi, 2016). Apart from this, limited care centres use their power of monopoly in specific
geographical area and take high prices of treatment which is very difficult to afford by common
people. It is favourable reduce cost of treatment that is suitable for poor people as they can afford
complex care services to overcome from health problem. However, it is necessary to maintain
sufficient urgent care centres available so that death rate can be reduced and health status of
population can be improved which facilitate to contribute positively on economy of the country.
It is necessary to provide free urgent care centres to enhance quality of life of poor people by
delivering effective medical facilities (Sanchez and et. al., 2016).
The ramifications of increased number of urgent care clinics
Urgent care clinics are required every locality in order to fulfil care need of people for their
wellness. Clarke and et. al., (2017) states that it includes the criterion of having sufficient amount
of urgent care clinics for delivering desired medical facilities for wellbeing of citizens. However,
6

it has been analysed that healthcare sector focussed towards developing urgent care clinics which
impact positively on condition of patient because delaying is reduced which facilitate to enhance
the entire health status of population of the country. It is observed that urgent care clinics were
increased in last two years as compared to previous time which impact positively on condition of
people as death rate reduced and health improved among citizens. The ramifications of increased
number of urgent care clinic include the reduced in delayed services which facilitate to decrease
the mortality rate of patients due to severe health issues. It is beneficial in terms of several
aspects to reduce time of waiting and gain immediate care facilities. It is observed quick facilities
and delayed services are responsible for developing complications or may leads to death of an
individual. Meanwhile, increase in number of urgent care provide benefit to reduce long
appointment list which helps to reduce burden of general practitioners as well as people will
appropriate medical facilities to become diseases free. Moreover, people can gain separate care
like they can visit normal clinics for regular health problem and visit urgent care clinics in
emergency situations in order to attain accurate treatment to solve specific health issue.
On the other hand, there are various kinds of benefits that can be gained by increased urgent
care centres to maintain proper health status of entire population of the country. According to
Zhang and et. al., (2016), it includes that waiting duration can be reduced which is helpful to
reduce long duration of physicians to be spent on their clinics and patient will get quick services
to become wellbeing. Meanwhile, it is beneficial in terms of saving money because people use to
travel longer to gain urgent facilities for their complex diseased condition which can be saved of
urgent clinics were available in nearby location. The increased emergency service centres are
profitable in respect of developing situations of having no appointments which helps to save
lives of such individuals who wait for appointments and may die before visiting hospitals.
However, no appointments situations impact positively on reducing pressure of doctors so that
they become relaxed and deal with patients more effectively. It consists the other benefit of
enhancing number of emergency care services that it becomes more convenient for people to
easily gain immediate facilities in contingency circumstances. As per views of Alliman and
Phillippi, (2016) it is helpful to develop one urgent care clinic in every local town or cities due to
which they can get desired treatment immediately.
7

The role of care professionals for encouraging urgent care homes for welfare of citizens
As per theoretical perspectives of Goodman and et. al. (2016), it has been analysed that in
improving health, functioning and quality of people’s life, medical professionals and staff
members play crucial role. With continuous efforts and collaboration of medical team, it
becomes possible today, to provide urgent services for 24x7 hours to people. Managing chronic
diseases and providing immediate services to people, urgent care centres have capacity to better
serve the population especially within remote areas, to get quality of services (Martsolf and et.
al., 2017). For performing such role, eligible workforce, public health system, governmental
public health agencies, doctors and nurses, play important role. To promote more urgent care
homes for welfare of people, authorities and care professionals concerns on reshaping the
workforce as well. Along with this, extended competencies especially for holistic worker also
has been created, within urgent care centres. Furthermore, urgent care team in such centres
assesses patients who are at risk of severe health issue or social care breakdown, then provide
supports to them at their home with purpose of reducing further chance to get admitted in
hospital or any type of care home (Clarke and et. al., 2017). In this regard, in any care where a
health and social care intervention is required, professionals of urgent care centres arrange it
immediately.
Healthcare professionals include nurses, doctors, staff members and more, plays central as well
as critical role, to improve access and care quality services to population. For this purpose, they
promote urgent care homes to provide essential services, for both rural and remote area
populations, based on primary healthcare approaches. Providing urgent services within less than
hour, aid people to prevent themselves easily from non-life threatening issues (Zhang and et. al.,
2016). For this purpose, public authorities like management of NHS also works on mechanisms,
to optimize strengths and skills of medical professionals, which is essential to provide instant
medical services to people. Recognising the urgent care medicine as a unique service as per
benchmarking UCAOA data, most of the urgent care centre providers in UK, are clinicians who
are trained within primary care. Along with this, physicians and other service providers are
Board Certified within family practice, for delivering the urgent care medicine to people in
appropriate way (Vaccaro and et. al., 2017). Supporting the maintenance and develop
professional competencies is another main role of health agencies, through continuing education,
8

for ensuring that they are properly equipped with those skills which are essential to provide the
medical best care possible.
In addition to this, for responding towards growing interest in many countries, post-graduate
fellowships have been geared specifically for practice of urgent care medicine (Topol, 2019). In
this regard, via networks and partnerships, for promoting urgent care homes, World Health
Organization give commitment –
 To provide support to Member States for maximizing the contributions of health
professionals via collaborative practices and inter-professional education
 To give technical guidance and help health care professionals to develop policy options
and tools to enhance their contribution more, for strengthening capabilities of urgent care
homes through primary health care approach.
 To map the regional and international health professional networks in UK and other
nations, that have capacity for supporting the health initiatives at global level.
 To link medical staff worldwide via virtual communities of practice, for informing about
effective policies that helps in promoting successful practices worldwide within urgent
care clinics or homes.
9

Methodology
Types of investigation method
For executing the investigation work, it is essential to select appropriate research
methodology. It is imperative for research while carrying out whole study, to analyse in what
manner investigation needs to be done. In this regard, selection of procedure mainly renders the
systematic procedure as well as plan, as per desired way (Signorelli and et. al., 2017). Therefore,
two main types of methods can be incorporated over quantitative and qualitative research. So,
selection for investigation method is mainly based on data which needs to be accumulated, for
assisting the particular work. Qualitative research usually incorporates when theoretical analysis
needs to be done, by gathering information through numerous articles and journals. While, on
contrast, quantitative research done when primary survey is going to be done. The information
which is gathered through quantitative research method, are analysed through mathematical
aspects, whereby, data is transformed first into graphical representation then interpreted through
perspectives of each chosen respondent (Scibetta and et. al., 2016). In this context, as present
research is based on specific topic of healthcare sector i.e. urgency of clinics for responding
immediately towards critical situations of patients, therefore, investigation work is done through
qualitative research technique.
Research design
This section of research defines overall strategy for carrying the investigation, by using
various tools and techniques. It would help researchers to choose approaches and methods for
integration of different components into study (Reed, 2016). A number of research design can be
employed within a study, such as descriptive, inferential and more, as per desire. Under present
project, descriptive research design is chosen as a main strategy for makes plans and phenomena
to conduct investigation.
Data collection methods
The selection of suitable tools and techniques is also essential for an investigator, for
assisting the manner in which overall work has to be done (Scibetta and et. al., 2016). Data
collection method is recognised as the key consideration carrying out study, that helps
investigators is to choose better tools. In this regard, two types of data collection methods can be
used mainly viz. primary and secondary research. Hereby, primary research helps in gathering
10

original and efficient information, by conducting survey through own efforts (Signorelli and et.
al., 2017). For this purpose, primary information can be accumulated through polls, surveys,
open-ended and closed-ended questionnaire, experiments, so on. On contrast, secondary research
seems to be imperative for gathering large amount of information data through published or non-
published articles, books, newspaper, journals, government census report and more. In context
with present research, secondary techniques have been selected to gather information about need
of urgency of clinics to responding quickly for dealing with critical situations of patients.
Research approach
This section is mainly recognised as the most important area of research methodology. It
defines plan and procedure needs to done, for execution of the investigation in right manner,
through suitable data contribution, accumulation, interpretation and evaluation. There are two
types of research approach are mainly used as – inductive and deductive (Topol, 2019). The first
one emphasis over particular search for pattern via observation, development of detailed theories
and more. But it does not rely on implementation of past theory because it focuses more on
proving hypothesis of research through theoretical perspectives. On contrast of this, deductive
approach involves exploration of hypothesis through via designing specific test. In context with
present investigation study, inductive approach is going to be taken into consideration by
researchers, for addressing mentioned objectives.
Research Philosophy
It is another main important part of a research, which refers as a belief in terms of
phenomena to gather, accumulate and analyse information. A research philosophy usually relies
either upon the Interpretivism or positivism philosophy. In this regard, selection of approaches,
research design, data collection methods are being made, which are significant to conduct a
particular study (Vaccaro and et. al., 2017). The positivism philosophy emphasis on constant
reality and determined the problem via objective analysis. While on the other hand, another
philosophy i.e. Interpretivism concerns with mainly on qualitative evaluation of data. Therefore,
under present study Interpretivism research philosophy has been employed.
11

Timescale for proposed plan (GANTT chart)
For meeting deadline of a project, it is essential for research to complete each and every
activity on time. For this purpose, Gantt Chart technique is mainly used that helps in framing
each task in a proper period of time, so that efficiency of work can be maintained. In context
with present research, specific activities are set via Gantt Chart in following way –
Activity 2019 2020
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
Choose Research Area
Preliminary Research
Decide research question &
methodology
Submit Research Proposal
Literature Review
Pilot Interviews
Main Interviews
Thematic analysis
Write Up
Proof Reading
Submit Dissertation
Feasibility of the project
This section of the research aid researchers to determine success of their project, through
measuring various components (Reed, 2016). It includes technical capability, budget constraints,
ethics or legality, operational feasibility, risk and time management. Considering these points aid
researchers to measure feasibility and chance of obtaining positive outcomes of research in set
period of time.
Ethical considerations
In execution of the investigation work, the other main aspects which needs to be considered by
researchers, includes demand of following research ethics (Zhang and et. al., 2016). For this
purpose, it is imperative for to work in efficient manner. Considering the present topic, it has
12

been determined that it is mainly based on healthcare sectors. Therefore, ethics can be
maintained by taking secondary information from authenticate sources only. This would help in
reducing chance of occurrence of those issues, which might impact on efficiency of project
outcomes negatively.
Possible/Expected outcomes
From the above information, it has been expected that urgent care clinics increment are
helpful to people to easily gain treatment. It includes that it is required to enhance number of care
centres in emergency situations in order to make urgent facilities in every local area so that
people can get medical treatment easily. However, it is necessary to make an effective medical
facility in order to make citizens healthy (Ban and et. al., 2017). It involves the expectations that
increased urgent care clinic provide support to deliver number of benefits for patients. It is
favourable to make an appropriate availability of emergency facilities which is helpful to deliver
correct care services in respect of reducing death rates. Moreover, it will provide support to
reduce cost of emergency treatment that is favourable for poor people so that they can get
effective services.
In addition to this, it has been analysed that availability of facilities related to emergency
facilities in terms of making entire population well-being. It includes the expected outcomes
including the profit of developing opportunity in respect of creating free urgent care centres
which is helpful to fulfil contingency needs of poor people. However, it has been identified that
role of professionals involves important practice of encouraging establishment of emergency
care units along with sufficient availability of sources to deliver accurate treatment to make
citizens healthy (Kleinpell, Schorr and Balk, 2016). It includes the training and learning sessions
among care professionals in order to increase skills and abilities of them so that they can deliver
urgent care more accurately. Moreover, they will become capable to make quick and accurate
decisions making in terms of making them disease free.
13

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Alliman, J. and Phillippi, J. C., 2016. Maternal outcomes in birth centers: an integrative review
of the literature. Journal of midwifery & women's health, 61(1), pp.21-51.
Ban, J. and et. al., 2017. The health policy implications of individual adaptive behavior responses
to smog pollution in urban China. Environment international, 106, pp.144-152.
Barnert, E. S., Perry, R. and Morris, R. E., 2016. Juvenile incarceration and health. Academic
pediatrics, 16(2), pp.99-109.
Beach, S. R. and et. al., 2016. Screening and detection of elder abuse: Research opportunities and
lessons learned from emergency geriatric care, intimate partner violence, and child
abuse. Journal of elder abuse & neglect, 28(4-5), pp.185-216.
Clarke, J. L. and et. al., 2017. An innovative approach to health care delivery for patients with
chronic conditions. Population health management, 20(1), pp.23-30.
Cowlishaw, S. and Kessler, D., 2016. Problem gambling in the UK: implications for health,
psychosocial adjustment and health care utilization. European Addiction
Research, 22(2), pp.90-98.
Davies, M. L. and et. al., 2016, March. Large-scale no-show patterns and distributions for clinic
operational research. In Healthcare (Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 15). Multidisciplinary Digital
Publishing Institute.
Goodman, K. E. and et. al., 2016. Infection control implications of heterogeneous resistance
mechanisms in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Expert review of anti-
infective therapy, 14(1), pp.95-108.
Greer, N. and et. al., 2016. Pharmacist-led chronic disease management: a systematic review of
effectiveness and harms compared with usual care. Annals of internal medicine, 165(1),
pp.30-40.
Gururajan, A. and Malone, D. T., 2016. Does cannabidiol have a role in the treatment of
schizophrenia?. Schizophrenia Research, 176(2-3), pp.281-290.
Honein, M. A., Boyle, C. and Redfield, R.R., 2019. Public health surveillance of prenatal opioid
exposure in mothers and infants. Pediatrics, 143(3), p.e20183801.
Kaufman, B. G. and et. al., 2016. The rising rate of rural hospital closures. The Journal of Rural
Health, 32(1), pp.35-43.
Kibuule, D., Kagoya, H. R. and Godman, B., 2016. Antibiotic use in acute respiratory infections
in under-fives in Uganda: findings and implications. Expert review of anti-infective
therapy, 14(9), pp.863-872.
Kleinpell, R. M., Schorr, C. A. and Balk, R. A., 2016. The new sepsis definitions: implications
for critical care practitioners.
Liaw, W. R. and et. al., 2016. Solo and small practices: a vital, diverse part of primary care. The
Annals of Family Medicine, 14(1), pp.8-15.
Martsolf, G. and et. al., 2017. Association between the opening of retail clinics and low-acuity
emergency department visits. Annals of emergency medicine, 69(4), pp.397-403.
Pakianathan, M. R. and et. al., 2016. How to assess gay, bisexual and other men who have sex
with men for chemsex. Sex Transm Infect, 92(8), pp.568-570.
Randall, S. and et. al., 2017. Impact of community based nurse-led clinics on patient outcomes,
patient satisfaction, patient access and cost effectiveness: A systematic
review. International journal of nursing studies, 73, pp.24-33.
14

Reed, L., 2016. Servant leadership, followership, and organizational citizenship behaviors in 9-1-
1 emergency communications centers: Implications of a national study. Servant
Leadership: Theory & Practice, 2(1), p.5.
Scibetta, C. and et. al., 2016. The costs of waiting: implications of the timing of palliative care
consultation among a cohort of decedents at a comprehensive cancer center. Journal of
palliative medicine, 19(1), pp.69-75.
Signorelli, C. and et. al., 2017. The impact of long-term follow-up care for childhood cancer
survivors: A systematic review. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology, 114, pp.131-
138.
Topol, E. J., 2019. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial
intelligence. Nature medicine, 25(1), pp.44-56.
Vaccaro, O. and et. al., 2017. Effects on the incidence of cardiovascular events of the addition of
pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately
controlled with metformin (TOSCA. IT): a randomised, multicentre trial. The lancet
Diabetes & endocrinology, 5(11), pp.887-897.
Zhang, A. L. and et. al., 2016. The rise of concussions in the adolescent population. Orthopaedic
journal of sports medicine, 4(8), p.2325967116662458.
Online
Using Urgent Care Centres to Support Rural Patient Care Access. 2017. [Online] Available
Through:< https://patientengagementhit.com/news/using-urgent-care-centers-to-
support-rural-patient-care-access >.
15