Comprehensive Urinalysis Report: Analysis and Findings

This report presents a detailed analysis of a urinalysis, focusing on the application of nursing skills and principles. It outlines the rationale for critical thinking and attention to detail in patient care. The report explores relevant anatomy and physiology, particularly the role of the kidneys and homeostasis in urine formation. It includes observations of fluctuating levels of ketones, glucose, and vital signs, indicating potential health issues. The results highlight the significance of these findings, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based practice in treatment planning. The report concludes by summarizing the vital role of nurses in evaluating patient vital signs and initiating appropriate interventions. Key references from books and journals are also included.

REPORT ON URINALYSIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Outline of skill.............................................................................................................................1
Principles underpinning skill.......................................................................................................1
Relevant anatomy and physiology linked to homoeostasis.........................................................1
Observations Results....................................................................................................................2
Evidence base for results.............................................................................................................2
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................2
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................3

Outline of skill
Skill: Critical Thinking and Attention to detail
Rationale: Nurses are on the front line of care and are those professionals who are in constant
contact with the patients since the beginning of the treatment plan (Carcio and Secor, 2018). It is
the responsibility of the nurses to read, analyse and evaluate the vital signs of the patient and
help in addressing the issues related to BP, SpO2, pulse, respiration and more. Additionally, the
nursing interventions are evidence based and must have good analytical skills with complete
technical knowledge about the normal vital signs and range. The nurses have the basic
knowledge about the terminology and processes related to conducting tests and analyse the status
of the individuals.
Principles underpinning skill
The principles are based on ethical standards and code of conduct which is required to
carry out the operations and activities using the mentioned nursing skills. These skills must be
practised with persistence to give patient centred care (Dougherty and Lister, 2015). For
instance, the recorded blood pressure is not in normal range and it clearly demonstrates the ill
health of the patient, Danny. He was suffering from low blood pressure on the first examination
and was towards the lower levels only. Additionally, the pulse of this patient is optimum and is
lying in between the range of 60-100 beats per minute.
Moreover, the nursing skills must be regulated under the code of ethics to be fulfilled for
complete recovery of patients (Frost and Delaney, 2019). Here the focus is on influencing the
results by giving proper medication and the treatment plan.
Relevant anatomy and physiology linked to homoeostasis
Urine is the by product of human's metabolic activity and is liquid in form which gets
excreted through the ureters, that is presented in the urinary bladder. It is formed in the kidneys
which is the excretory organs of human's body. This forms through the passage of blood via
filtration method. There are several components that are found in urine such as chloride ions,
phenol waste, potassium and excess sodium which must be discarded. In here, the kidneys play
important role in regulating the balance in terms of volume and concentration of fluids present in
the human body. It helps in balancing the pH levels and dispose the excess amount of water. This
helps in maintenance of concentration levels of ions.
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Normal homoeostasis is defined as the stability in the internal environment by adjusting
the conditions and monitoring it on three parts such as receptor, control centre and effector. It has
been identified that the professionals working in this sector must be in coordination with the
physiological factors and the anatomy that might influence the care services (GRANT,2018).
Here it affects the delivery and quality of services done by the professionals. In regard to gaining
knowledge about the physiological factors of Danny, the patient from the scenario, it must be
understandable that the internal environment is based on few parameters like temperature, partial
pressure of carbon dioxide etc. for example, the pH and concentration of glucose, nitrate,
leucocytes etc. must be examined and evaluated (Jensen, 2018).
In regard to the above, Danny showed moderate levels of ketones and glucose which led
to dis balance in the homoeostasis. This clearly indicated towards the onset of diabetes
symptoms which is harmful for the well being of the patient. Moreover, the BP levels is low and
this makes the situation more critical since the body fluids are not in control and might leads to
some other issues. The nursing skills are important to understand the primary system of humans
that focuses on reading test results to give a more effective treatment plan (Johnston and et.al.,
20159). Here the effectors are helpful in measuring the variables that has direct relation to the
health of the affected people.
Observations Results
The results sowed that Danny has fluctuating levels of ketones, glucose levels and
parameters like SpO2, blood pressure and more. Along with, it shed light on the ketoacidosis
which takes place in the body parts of the patients ad affect the blood with high levels of acids
called as ketones. This is harmful and inhibit the formation of natural insulin and leads to
impairment of well being of Danny in the later stages of his life. Moreover, it might leads to high
levels of sugar and extreme thirst and nauseas feeling during the entire day.
The results also demonstrated that the patients vitals were unstable with fluctuating range
in the blood pressure, SpO2 and other such related parameters. In this regard, moderate and large
levels of glucose of Danny showed that he has been not well, feels giddiness all the times,
headaches and has an impact on the entire body. Danny failed in maintaining the pulse and this
might also lead to burning of fatty acids and accelerating the unstable vital signs on the body.
Here the nurses must ensure that the observations has been made clear to the patient and should
be given proper treatment plan for better recovery (Montayre and Sparks, 2017). This must be
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communicated through transparent and professional setup to gain trust and reliability of the
patients.
Evidence base for results
Nurses has important contribution in taking the physical examination test for the patients
(Urden, Stacy and Lough, 2017). The evidence received is in terms of comparing the results with
the specific range of vitals. The respirations level, blood pressure, respiration rate, heart response
rate and others. Moreover, this is taken from the key findings after the tests are conducted and
received and later analysed by the professionals who ultimately male the entire recovery
planning (Wright, Newcombe and Everett, 2019). Additionally, the evidence based practice is
based on taking a patient centred approach to maintain the delivery and quality of care services.
For example, the patient suffering from fluctuating blood pressures ad has moderate levels of
glucose and both these symptoms are showing some issues in the health.
Conclusion
From the above assignment it has been summarized that nurses play a vital role in
evaluating all the important and vital signs of the patient which helps in planning and beginning
the treatment plan. The main responsibility of the nurses is to identify all the key issues such as
issues related to respiration, blood pressure, pulse etc. which helps in analysing the present
condition of the patient. In the above assignment principles that are used to carry out operations
using nursing skills are explained in detail. In this assignment relevant autonomy and physiology
like to homoeostasis are also explained with observation results and evidence base for the results.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Carcio, H.A. and Secor, R.M., 2018. Advanced health assessment of women: Clinical skills and
procedures. Springer Publishing Company. < https://books.google.co.in/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=wMNYDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Carcio,+H.A.+and+Secor,
+R.M.,+2018.+Advanced+health+assessment+of+women:
+Clinical+skills+and+procedures.
+Springer+Publishing+Company.&ots=AZgg4QWINm&sig=a6FPhbGB-
lVOKCNaznx4JH102wI#v=onepage&q&f=false>.
Dougherty, L. and Lister, S. eds., 2015. The Royal Marsden manual of clinical nursing
procedures. John Wiley & Sons. < https://books.google.co.in/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=L5wcBgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR13&dq=Dougherty,+L.+and+Lister,
+S.+eds.,+2015.+The+Royal+Marsden+manual+of+clinical+nursing+procedures.
+John+Wiley+%26+Sons.&ots=zadPyV-eV7&sig=BIL02ZhRdh-
XBmpMuTFjerHctN4#v=onepage&q=Dougherty%2C%20L.%20and%20Lister%2C
%20S.%20eds.%2C%202015.%20The%20Royal%20Marsden%20manual%20of
%20clinical%20nursing%20procedures.%20John%20Wiley%20%26%20Sons.&f=false>
Frost, J. and Delaney, L.J., 2019. Nursing students’ experience in performing intimate clinical
procedures via high fidelity Mask-Ed simulation. BMJ Simulation and Technology
Enhanced Learning, 5(2), pp.73-77. <stel.bmj.com/content/5/2/73.abstract>
GRANT. WAUGH., 2018. Ross & Wilson Self-assessment in Anatomy and Physiology in Health
and Illness. ELSEVIER HEALTH SCIENCES. < https://books.google.co.in/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=Ffp1DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=GRANT.+WAUGH.,
+2018.+Ross+%26+Wilson+Self-
assessment+in+Anatomy+and+Physiology+in+Health+and+Illness.
+ELSEVIER+HEALTH+SCIENCES.&ots=ReMSdY1vW7&sig=77eDjX4BApFBRmO
hq-wz5WIddjw#v=onepage&q=GRANT.%20WAUGH.%2C%202018.%20Ross
%20%26%20Wilson%20Self-assessment%20in%20Anatomy%20and%20Physiology
%20in%20Health%20and%20Illness.%20ELSEVIER%20HEALTH
%20SCIENCES.&f=false>
Jensen, S., 2018. Nursing health assessment: A best practice approach. Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins. <https://shop.lww.com/Jensen-Nursing-Health-Assessment--A-Best-Practice-
Approach-3rd-Edition-Text---PrepU-Pacakge/p/9781975104894>
Johnston, A.N.B. and et.al., 2015. Student learning styles in anatomy and physiology courses:
Meeting the needs of nursing students. Nurse education in practice, 15(6), pp.415-420.
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471595315000815>
Montayre, J. and Sparks, T., 2017. Important yet unnecessary: nursing students' perceptions of
anatomy and physiology laboratory sessions. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 12(3),
pp.216-219. <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1557308716302062>
Urden, L.D., Stacy, K.M. and Lough, M.E., 2017. Critical care nursing: diagnosis and
management. Elsevier Health Sciences. <https://books.google.co.in/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=VIglDgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Urden,+L.D.,+Stacy,+K.M.
+and+Lough,+M.E.,+2017.+Critical+care+nursing:+diagnosis+and+management.
+Elsevier+Health+Sciences.&ots=jQveI67vMd&sig=xhST9JWu84vcc1cJOSsDrQGWU
6U#v=onepage&q&f=false>
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Wright, W., Newcombe, P. and Everett, F. eds., 2019. Clinical Skills for Nursing Adults: Step by
Step. SAGE Publications Limited. <https://books.google.co.in/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=02iRDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Wright,+W.,+Newcombe,+P.
+and+Everett,+F.+eds.,+2019.+Clinical+Skills+for+Nursing+Adults:+Step+by+Step.
+SAGE+Publications+Limited.&ots=uytEmPoCsI&sig=64gM-Drd0763L-r1WrNklnvt-
2g#v=onepage&q&f=false>
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