Healthcare Case Study: UTI Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Education

This case study analyzes a urinary tract infection (UTI) in a 28-year-old woman, detailing her symptoms, including frequent urination and dysuria. The analysis includes differential diagnoses like cervicitis or vaginitis, and identifies risk factors such as the use of birth control. The study examines the urine specimen results, highlighting the presence of bacteria and yeast, and differentiates between simple and complicated UTIs. The solution outlines the treatment course, including antibiotics and patient education on hygiene and medication. The case also discusses follow-up education and the need for further investigation if symptoms persist, with a focus on the patient's specific situation. The study emphasizes the importance of consulting a doctor before taking any medication and the need for careful hygiene and birth control practices.

RUNNING HEAD: HEALTHCARE 0
Urinary Tract Infection February 17
2020

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Urinary Tract Infection
Risk factors for Urinary area infection
Urinary area infection is a bacterial infection that first occurs in the bladder. In urinary
tract infection, bacteria are established and start multiplying in the urinary area. Urinary area
infection is the most common of all bacterial contamination (Foxman, 2014). According to the
case given, the 28-year-old women's urine specimen determines cloudiness, alkaline ph,
increased nitrites, and leukocyte esterase. The woman is feeling the urge to urinate frequently
with dysuria. Urinary area infection is instigated by bacteria that enter the urinary tract system.
Differential diagnoses
The differential diagnosis for this patient was cervicitis or vaginitis. Cervicitis is
inflammation of the cervix and vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina. This patient’s urinary
tract infection was diagnosed by urine specimen collection. After the collection of the sample,
urine is tested under a microscope. This infection is classified as a urethritis rather than urinary
area infection. Urethritis’ most common symptom is painful or difficult urination.
Additional medication
Woman's new urine specimen demonstrates additional information that is the use of
diaphragm and spermicide birth control, presence of gram-positive cocci bacteria which was not
present in the last test. These symptoms conclude that the woman is suffering from complicated
urinary tract infection. The use of birth control medication increases the risk of urinary tract
infection (Al-Shaikh & Al-Badr, 2013). The woman has completed the full course of antibiotics
and still, she has symptoms of urinary tract infection.
Patient education
Little preventions that woman needs to take are keeping the genital area clean, avoid the
use of birth controls without doctor's consultancy, drink plenty of fluids, avoid using bath
products, and urinate after sexual intercourse. Women are more likely to get a urinary area
infection than males (Karam , Habibi, & Bouzari, 2019). The patient needs to understand that she
should not take any medication before consulting with her doctor.

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Follow-up education
The new urine sample revealed new bacteria are present in her urine sample. This test
identified yeast and bacteria in urine which is the cause of urinary tract infection. This 28-year-
old woman is suffering from complicated urinary area infection. It is considered complicated
because even after taking proper medication and measures the urge to urinate frequently is still
present. The patient now needs to be extra careful about her hygiene routines and medication
courses. Also, she has to be more careful about her birth control medications.
Complicated or uncomplicated Urinary Area Infection
There are two types of urinary tract infections, simple and complicated (Tony Mazzulli,
2012). Initially, the woman was suffering a simple urinary tract infection that was treated with a
three-day antibiotic medication course. The symptoms may go away after a few doses, but it is
required to take a full medication course. Urinary tract infections can return even after a full
course of medication. Complicated urinary area infection can be cured by longer antibiotics
treatment. The woman will be given antibiotics while using intravenously (IV) method in the
hospital. After intravenously in the hospital medication can be given through mouth.

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References
Al-Shaikh, G., & Al-Badr, A. (2013). Recurrent urinary tract infections management in women:
a review. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 359.
Foxman, B. (2014). Urinary tract infection syndromes: occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk
factors, and disease burden. Infectious disease clinics of North America, 1-13.
Karam , M., Habibi, M., & Bouzari, S. (2019). Urinary tract infection: Pathogenicity, antibiotic
resistance, and development of effective vaccines against Uropathogenic Escherichia
coli. Molecular immunology, 56-67.
Tony Mazzulli, M. D. (2012). Diagnosis and management of simple and complicated urinary
tract infections (UTIs). . The Canadian journal of urology, 42-48.