UTHM Project: Passive Optical Analyzer Design and Performance Analysis

This project focuses on the design and analysis of a passive optical analyzer (PON) developed at University Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia. The project aims to create a compact design for analyzing passive optical networks, improving optical communication performance, and utilizing OptiSystem 12.0 for power budget calculations. The project involved implementing FTTH and PON technologies, analyzing electro-optical components using Bit Error Rate (BER) diagrams, and comparing practical results with theoretical outputs. The project developer's responsibilities included designing the analyzer, ensuring the efficiency of optical network units (ONUs) and optical line termination (OLT), and addressing issues related to network efficiency and PON selection by implementing solutions like BER diagrams and appropriate bandwidth selection. The report details the engineering knowledge, skills applied, accomplishments, and collaborative efforts involved in the project. Desklib provides access to this and other solved assignments for students.

CE 1.1 Project Information
Name of the project: Passive Optical Analyzer
Location of the project: University Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia
Project Duration: Please fill
Organization: University Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia
Role and Designation during the time: Chief Project Developer
CE 1.2 Project Background
CE 1.2.1 Characteristics of the project
The passive optical network or PON is the type of fibre optic access network that
allows downstream signals to broadcast in each and every premise and to share the several
fibres. During this project, I have designed an optical network analyser for the purpose of
analysing the passive optical network. I had to implement the point to multipoint architecture,
where I unpowered the fibre optical splitters and then enabled the single optical fibre for
serving the multiple end points. Since, there are several versions of passive optical network, I
had to select the most suitable version for providing a better result to my project. Being an
electronics engineer, I selected the final version of ITU T G.983 standard on the basis of
ATM or Asynchronous Transfer Mode. I took the APON/ BPON that provided 622 Mbit/sec
or megabits per second of the downstream bandwidth as well as 155 megabits per second of
the upstream bandwidth. Therefore, in this project, I have successfully developed the
compact design of the passive optical analyser and increase the overall performance of the
optical communications by using OptiSystem 12.0 simulation program.

CE 1.2.2 Objectives developed for the project
In the project of Passive Optical Analyser, I had to use technologies like FTTH and
PON for getting accurate results. I had used OptiSystem 12.0 simulation program for
analysing the PONs as well as calculation of power budget. I even had compared my results
with the desired theoretical output. My main objective was to provide a design for my passive
optical analyser. Hence, to complete this project with better efficiency or priority, following
objectives were developed by me.
 To provide a compact design of passive optical analyzer for getting accurate results.
 To increment the overall presentation of the optical communication with any specific
passive optical network.
 To utilize OptiSystem 12.0 simulation program for calculating the power budget
theoretically.
 To maintain the compatibility of passive optical networks and calculated power
budget.
 To analyze the overall effect of the electro optical components by Bit Error Rate or
BER diagrams.
 To analyze the respective spectrum outputs and time domain for checking the effect
of electro optical components.
 To compare and contrast the practical results with my desired outputs.
CE 1.2.3 My area of work
I was appointed as the chief project developer in the project. I had enough field
experience for any type of electronics project and even bear core knowledge in electronics
engineering; hence I was selected to complete my project with my three other team members
under the guidance of my project leader. I had basic knowledge of logic designing, analog
and digital communication and thus completing this project was much easier for me. My

Project Supervisor
Team Member Team Member Chief Project
Developer (Me)
Team Member
main area of work was to propose a compact design for this passive optical analyser. I was
hence selected as the chief project developer for guiding the other team members and
checking the project progress properly.
CE 1.2.4 Project Group
Figure 1: People involved in the project
CE 1.2.5 My responsibilities throughout the project
As the chief project developer in the project of PON, I subsequently had some of the
most significant responsibilities like designing the passive optical analyser and providing
accurate results. I had to utilize FTTH or fibre to the home and passive optical network
technologies for the purpose of reducing significant expenses and then analysing optical
communications. My other responsibility comprised of checking efficiency of ONU or
optical network unit as well as OLT or optical line termination within the passive optical
network. I also used OptiSystem 12.0 simulation program for analysing the several
applications of PON and then interpreted my results subsequently. I even analysed electro

optical components of the systems of PON by the help of BER or bit error rate diagrams. I
took up BPON and GPON networks for this project and noted that the upstream and
downstream transmission rate of BPON are 155 Mbits/sec and 622 Mbits/ sec respectively.
For GPON, the upstream and downstream transmission rate are 2488 Mbits/sec and 1244
Mbits/sec. I inserted 5 m long Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier within the topology for
obtaining desired outputs in this project.
CE 1.3 Distinctive Activity
CE 1.3.1 Comprehending the Theory of Project
Here, I have used optical line transmission. The optimal line termination is also
termed as the optical line terminal. It is a device that is responsible for serving as a major
service provider of a PON. The ONUs are such devices, which could transform the
incoming optical signal to electrical signal.
Figure 2: Active Optical Network
This active optical network or AON covers the range of about 100 km or 62 miles and
PON has the restriction of range till 20 km or 12 miles. I calculated the BER value as 0.
Hence I took the respective maximum value of quality factor of 97.95. I even calculated the
decrease of efficiency for the increment within the system losses. I changed existing optical

fibre and used a 20 km multimode fibre. I took the observation when the fibre length that was
lesser than 10.5 km.
CE 1.3.2 Engineering knowledge and skills applied in the project
For completing the project of optical analyser, I have used my understanding of
network and optical communications. Since this project was about analysing the passive
networks, I had to apply basic rules of optical communications. Logic designing and analog
communication were the next two important skills that I have applied here. Moreover, this
project required core calculations and power controlling. For this purpose, I have used my
knowledge of Physics and power control. I even used BER diagram and OptiSystem 12.0
simulation program to simulate the project.
CE 1.3.3 Accomplishment and Task Performed
I have accomplished this project by calculating the excess loss from differential group
delay or ∆τg.
Where, ∆vg is the difference between group speed of orthogonal mode
c here is the velocity of light in space
∆n = ns - nf >0 is difference of refractive index between fast axes as well as slow
axes.

For inserting electro optical components to PON topologies, I undertook the minimum
value of BER of 2.7x10-80. I took EDFA as the topology for gain. When I inserted EDFA, the
specific spectrum power increased to
Figure 3: Spectrum graphics in topology as well as topology with the EDFA insertion
For simulation purpose, I have used OptiSystem 12.0 and gained proper results from
this program.
CE 1.3.4 Identified issues and their solutions
1.3.4.1 Issues

One of the issues, I have faced here was during taking the outcomes of passive optical
network. I was not able to calculate the respective efficiency passive network topologies.
This was involving delay in my project. The next significant issue that I had faced here was
during selection of PON that was to be inserted in the system. I selected PON with the
bandwidth less than 7 GHz and out output was coming erroneous.
1.3.4.2 Solutions
I provided some relevant solutions to the issues faced here. For the first issue, I gave
the solution of using BER diagrams, spectrum outputs and time domain for reviewing the
network topology. As a result, the efficiency was increased to 1300 to 1350nm on second
window and 1500 to 1550nm on third window. For the next issue, I suggested to use PON
with bandwidth of 10GHz bandwidth and wavelength interval of 1.55248μm and 1.55256μm.
CE 1.3.5 Plan to produce creative and innovative work
I made the distinct plans to execute the project with utmost efficiency. For this
purpose, I arranged for workshops before starting our work. Each of us attended the
workshop and got proper knowledge about network and optical communications. Hence, our
project was successful.
CE 1.3.6 Collaborative Work
Collaboration was the major factor in our project. We were five members including
our project supervisor. Each one of us had worked collaboratively and helped each other so
that none of the project members faces issues in the project. I even made sure that the project
is completed within given deadline.

CE 1.4 Project Review
CE 1.4.1 Project Overview
This project had helped me to design the passive optical analyser. This had the core
capability to alter manage as well as control the power and analyse these optical networks.
The BER diagrams were used for this purpose and the OptiSystem 12.0 simulation program
was used for simulating the project.
CE 1.4.2 My Contribution to work
Here, I was appointed as the chief project developer and a responsible team member.
My major contribution was to provide a design for the passive optical analyser. My other
contribution to this project of optical network analyser was to find out flaws and provide
suitable solutions to those issues to make the project more accurate and error free.