Healthcare Data Analysis: Bronchitis and Asthma Study at UTS Hospital

This report presents an analysis of bronchitis and asthma cases at UTS Hospital, utilizing hospital data to understand the prevalence of these respiratory conditions. The study examines patient profiles, including age, gender, marital status, and length of stay, using pivot tables to sort and summarize the data. Key findings indicate a higher prevalence among female patients and single individuals. The report also compares data related to intensive care unit (ICU) hours and identifies differences between patients with and without complications. Ultimately, the analysis aims to provide insights that can inform measures to address and reduce the prevalence of bronchitis and asthma within the Australian population. Desklib offers a wide range of solved assignments and study resources for students.

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USING HEALTH CARE DATA
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Executive Summary
Some of the most common diseases are asthma and bronchitis which are responsible
for effecting most of the people in the world. Bronchitis is seen to be a major health problem
for several people therefore, it is required to understand the problem well and how its
prevalence rate can be decreased in our societies. Whereas Asthma on the other hand is the
condition where the airways narrow and often swell to produce some extra mucus. Asthma
can make the breathing process very difficult and may trigger sneezing, coughing, and
shortness of breath. In the Australian context it is perceived that many of the Australian
citizens suffer from bronchitis and asthma. The aim of the paper is to prepare a report that
will entail a detailed discussion of the patients with bronchitis and asthma in UTS Hospital,
and this analysis will help us to make some recommendations which can be used to address
these health complications. The paper will conduct a detailed discussion of the dataset that is
available from the UTS hospital in order to understand these diseases more cleaarly that have
been perceived to be quite common in Australia and similarly on a global basis.

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Background................................................................................................................................4
Method.......................................................................................................................................6
Results........................................................................................................................................7
Discussion................................................................................................................................10
Recommendations....................................................................................................................11
Conclusion................................................................................................................................11
References................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction
One of the most common chronic diseases of the respiratory system is bronchial
asthma. This is responsible for affecting almost 300 million people on a worldwide basis. The
guidelines of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) presents that the prevalence of asthma
is estimated to be 1% to 18% (Wong et al. 2013). Bronchitis is seen to be a very crucial
health problem for several people therefore, it is required to understand the problem and the
process by which its prevalence can be reduced in our societies. Whereas in Asthma the
airways become narrow and often shows swelling to produce some extra mucus. In Asthma,
breathing process become very difficult and may trigger coughing, shortness of breath and
sneezing (De Marco et al. 2013). In Australia, it is seen that many of the Australian citizens
are suffering from bronchitis and asthma.
In the present study, the dataset obtained from the UTS hospital showed that the
several patients were admitted in the hospital who were suffering from bronchitis and asthma.
The affected population consisted of both older and the younger population, and females and
males and they are admitted in this hospital due to the problem of asthma and bronchitis.
Therefore there two disorders are presented to be serious problems in our societies and there
is specific needs to study in detail to know how the problems can be lowered in our societies.
The aim of the paper is to prepare a comprehensive report that will entail a specific analysis
of the patients with asthma and bronchitis in UTS Hospital, and this report will help to take
some measures which can be used to rectify these health problems. This report will help to
answer the following research questions which are as follows:
What is the prevalence rate of bronchitis and asthma in UTS Hospital?
Method that can be used to reduce the cases of bronchitis and asthma in our societies?

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Background
A study showed that during the second half of the past century the prevalence of
asthma and allergic diseases increased considerably in most developed countries.
Additionally in the recent times asthma and allergic diseases are the most common chronic
non-communicable diseases among children, teenagers and adults up to middle-age
(Accordini et al. 2015). Over the past decades, the prevalence of asthma has increased also in
developing countries. Studies have shown that there are prevalence of mainly two types of
bronchitis that include chronic bronchitis and acute bronchitis. Acute bronchitis improves and
mostly lasts for 7 to 10 days and there is no severe effects. However, the patients can have a
long- lasting cough that may last for two weeks (Varmaghani et al. 2016). Chronic bronchitis
on the other hand is most of the time caused mainly due to smoking. Several symptoms are
associated with bronchitis that include serious coughs where the patients may have thick
mucus in their coughs, discomfort in chest and along with this feeling of shortness in
breathing , tiredness. Studies show that this is a very crucial condition for the people of
Australia and even more prevalent in the indigenous people of Australia (Backman et al.
2014). According to the reports chronic bronchitis is quite common in the regular smoker. In
Australia, 18% of male smokers and 14% of female smoker are suffering from chronic
bronchitis. In case of non-smoker people the number is 7% for the male population and 6%
for the female population (Tai et al. 2014). This puts forward the fact that the individuals who
are smokers mostly suffer from chronic bronchitis in comparison to those who are non-
smokers.
On the other, another major issue by which most of the Australians are suffering
from is Asthma. Although asthma can never be completely cured, however the signs and
symptoms of asthma can be properly controlled. Several researches have shown that one out

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of 9 Australian citizens, is suffering from asthma and that makes total number of about 2.5
million people of total population having asthma. The study also showed that asthma is
more common to the males of specific age group(age between 0 and 14 years) and more
common to the females with age group of 15 years and above (Brozek et al. 2015). It is see
that the rate of asthma disease is much higher to the indigenous Australians whereas the
non-indigenous Australians are less prone to the disease and the number of Asthma affected
indigenous Australians is almost double in comparison to the number of the non-indigenous
affected Australians. The prevalence rate is higher in the lower socioeconomic areas
whereas the rate is quite lower in comparatively higher socioeconomic areas. Generally, we
can say that asthma is a alarming health issue in Australia and a huge amount of money is
spent every year trying to reduce this problem (Islam et al. 2014).
As discussed above, asthma and bronchitis are key health issues that affecting many
Australians and many people worldwide . There are various studies that have been done to
address Asthma , and some measures also have been planned on how these diseases can be
minimized. However, there are various large gap regarding research and circulating
awareness about these diseases to all the citizens of Australia. However ,Many people don’t
have adequate information about those diseases and how they also don’t know about the
prevention policy, and that’s the key reason why the prevalence rate is so high in the people
(Toelle et al., 2013). In addition to this, the available information is so inadequate and there is
no detail way out of how these diseases can be rectified completely, and for this reason ,we
shall come up with some implications that can help to improve the methods of addressing
these diseases and also to prevent those diseases in Australian societies.

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Method
The UTS Hospital’s data was analysed in this section in order to access and address
the prevalence of asthma and bronchitis in the hospital setting. The methodology
implemented for this research uses the pivot tables which helps to sort the data, as the data set
available is quite large in size. The pivot table not only sorts the data but also analyses it is
able to summarize the available data along with recognizing it through segregating it into data
tables and spread sheets. The variables provided AR-DRGs E69A, & E69B, were analyzed
and their profiles were compared using the pivot table in the excel sheet.
From the comparison of the data of the variables, it was acquired that it was the
female patients who were suffering and had to spend more time in the hospital in comparison
to the male patients suffering from bronchitis. Several other observations can be made from
the pivot table, which are represented using the bar graphs and tables, which helps us to
understand to the prevalence of bronchitis and asthma in UTS Hospital and the entire of
Australia.
Results
The profile of the patients in AR-DRGs E69A, & E69B are as follows:
AR-DRGs E69A
AR DRG_v6_Description Bronchitis and Asthma without
Complications
AMOSpecialty General medicine
Gender Female

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Age 53
Marital Status Married
LOS 22
Discharge Intention Statistical discharge
Service Category acute
ICU Hours married
Separation Mode Discharge by Hospital
Financial Class Private - single room overnight
Mech Vent Hrs 0
Country of Birth Australia
IndigenousStatus Other
EmergencyStatus NA
Principal Diagnosis J46
Secondary Diagnosis G72.2, F41.2, R25.2, K52.9, R40.0
AR-DRGs E69B
AR DRG_v6_Description Bronchitis and Asthma without
Complications
AMOSpecialty General medicine
Gender Female
Age 70
Marital Status Divorced
LOS 20

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Discharge Intention Overnight
Service Category acute
ICU Hours married
Separation Mode Discharge by Hospital
Financial Class Public Patient - general & Psych
Mech Vent Hrs 0
Country of Birth USA
IndigenousStatus Other
EmergencyStatus NA
Principal Diagnosis J45.9
Secondary Diagnosis J22, G47.32, K21.9, R13
The diagnosis of the first patient shows that the patient is suffering from the following
symptoms of acute severe asthma (J46). This is the primary diagnosis. The secondary
diagnosis involves myopathy due to other toxic agents, mixed anxiety and depressive
disorder, Non-infective gastroenteritis and colitis, unspecified and Somnolence.
The diagnosis of the second patient shows the primary diagnosis to be other and unspecified
asthma. The secondary diagnosis involves unspecified acute lower respiratory infection, high
altitude periodic breathing, gastro-esophageal reflux disease and dysphagia.
On comparison of the variables it can be seen that the first variable is for a patient who has no
complications and then second is for patient who has complication related to bronchitis and
asthma. Both of the patients are females however one of them is an older adult. The patient

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having complications is an indigenous individual whereas the non-indigenous individual is
without complications.
On comparison of the variables of AR-DRGs E69A, & E69B, it was deduced from the
pivot table show that the total length of stay (LOS) of female patients is 240 hours while the
LOS of male patients is 153 hours. Additionally it was deduced that the average total stay in
the UTS hospital of the female patient and the male patient was 393 hours. It can also be
mentioned that since the LOS of the male patient was less, therefore male patients spend
fewer hours in UTS hospital, however it was seen that the male patients spend more hours in
the ICU. The pivot table shows that the ICU hours of male patients are 103 hours while the
ICU hours of female patients are 63 hours. Observations were also made from the pivot table
that revealed that bronchitis and asthma are widely prevalent in the people whose relationship
status is single people in comparison to those who are married. The analysis of the pivot
tables, showed that the LOS of the single people was higher than that of married people.
While the statistics of males alone were considered, it was seen that the LOS of single men
was 73 hours while that of married men was 66 hours. The pivot table also showed that most
of the patients who are suffering from bronchitis and asthma were public patients who were
general and Psych. They can be classified as the people belonging to the lower economical
classes.
Gender LOS in hours
Male 153
Female 240

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The bar graph above clearly shows that the ICU hours of the male patients are more
than the ICU hours of the female patients.
Gender ICU hours
Male 103
Female 63

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From the pivot table, we can see that the single people had longer LOS than the married
people. From the bar graph, it’s clear that the LOS of the single men suffering from
bronchitis and asthma is longer than that of the married men.
Marital status of the male patients LOS in hours
Single 73
Married 66