Tolmin Proposal: Vaccination and Child Immunization - University Name

This essay, titled "Tolmin Proposal," explores the topic of vaccination as a crucial immunization technique in medical treatment. It begins with an introduction to vaccination, emphasizing its role in protecting children from diseases like tetanus, measles, and chickenpox, while also acknowledging potential side effects. The essay then presents background information on vaccination, discussing its mechanisms, types (prophylactic and therapeutic), and historical context, including Edward Jenner's contributions. The core of the essay supports the discussion by highlighting the widespread use of vaccination for immunizing children against various diseases and cites data from the World Health Organization. It also addresses opposing viewpoints, such as concerns about allergies, painful administration methods, and specific adverse reactions. The essay rebuts these opposing viewpoints by emphasizing the high success rate of vaccination and the relatively minor side effects. The conclusion reiterates the effectiveness and safety of vaccination while acknowledging its criticisms. The essay includes references to support its claims and provide further reading on the topic.

Running head: TOLMIN PROPOSAL
Tolmin Proposal
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

1TOLMIN PROPOSAL
Introduction
Vaccination is a immunization technique that has been used by the medical practitioners
to provide immunization to some of the most common diseases. Children after their birth are
given immunization against some of the most common diseases to which they are vulnerable,
some of the vaccines are given to the children so that they get lifelong resistance to those
diseases. Vaccination is the administration of vaccines that are given to the individuals with the
help of injections. Vaccines helps children to be safe from harmful diseases. Although there are
certain side effects of the vaccines that makes is gaining a lot of criticism.
Thesis statement: Vaccines provides immunization to the children and keeps them safe from
many harmful diseases like, Tetanus, Measles, Pertusis and Chicken Pox.
Background Information
Vaccination is a method that is used in medical treatment, in this method individuals are
given acquired immunity for any particular disease. Vaccination contains an agent that is similar
to microorganisms that attacks the human body and causes disease. Vaccines are made from the
weak or dead microbe or it can be made from its toxins or the proteins that are on the surface.
The immune system of the human being has been given vaccine is stimulated for the
identification of the disease causing threat and destroying it. There are two types of vaccines,
prophylactic and the other one is therapeutic. Prophylactic vaccines are used for the diseases that
might affect the individual in future, it is used against a specific pathogen. Therapeutic vaccines
are still being investigated, an example of this can be cancer vaccines.

2TOLMIN PROPOSAL
Vaccination is process of administration of vaccines, which was coined from
Variolae vaccine, which is small pox of the cow, the term was coined by Edward Jenner who is a
famous biologist and the inventor of Vaccines.
He used the term in the year 1798 in his work “Inquiry into the Variole Vaccine Known
as the Cow Pox”, where in his findings it can be used against the attack of small pox.
Soon after the invention the medical practitioners started using the vaccines.
Support for discussion
It is most commonly used for the immunization of children so that they can be kept safe
from many harmful diseases like poliomyelitis, Diptheria, Chicken Pox, tetanus, pertusis,
Measles, Hepatitis and many more. As per the reports of World health Organization, there are
licensed vaccines for treatment of twenty-five infections. Since they are provide immediate
actions and life long immunizations, most of the medical practitioners still use vaccination for
immunizing children (Chervenak et al.).
Opposing view discussion
The reason behind argument against the usage of vaccines is that many children are
allergic to certain elements that are present in the vaccines, for children the process of
vaccination is quite painful and they fall sick for a day or two.
The process of vaccination involves the use of injections, with the help of syringes the
vaccine is injected in to the body of the child. There are two methods of injected one is intra-
venous and the the other is intra-muscular. For children it being argued that both the methods are

3TOLMIN PROPOSAL
not appropriate. In many countries including India now intramuscular injections for polio is not
used rather polio drops are being used (Jemal, Ahmedin, et al.).
The marks left by the BCG vaccines are prominent for lifetime. The method was
prevalent since eighteenth century (Aaby et al.). Australia suspended the flu virus in April 2010
for the children who are below the age of five years (Michael, Charles et al.).
Many children after they were given the vaccination were admitted to the hospital with
symptoms of febrile convulsions or they get reacted from other vaccines within hours of the
vaccination. In UK chicken pox vaccinations are practiced because it causes any health related
issues (Chervenak et al.).
Rebuttal of the opposing viewpoints
There may be few instances where the use of vaccination has been adversely affecting the
children but the method in most of the cases there are 100 percent success results of vaccination.
Except of mild fever there are not much side effects to the vaccines that are given to the infants
after their birth. Till now vaccination is the most effective technique for immunization in small
children (Chervenak et al.).
Conclusion
Vaccination is the most commonly technique used by the medical practitioners because it
is safe in most of the cases and is quick. It provides lifelong immunization to the children. The
reason for the criticism is, it is a very painful technique and few incidents have been reported
where the side effects of certain vaccines were major.

4TOLMIN PROPOSAL
References
Aaby, Peter, Henrik Ravn, and Christine S. Benn. "The WHO review of the possible nonspecific
effects of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine." The Pediatric infectious disease journal 35.11
(2016): 1247-1257.
Chervenak, Frank A., Laurence B. McCullough, and Robert L. Brent. "Professional
responsibility and early childhood vaccination." The Journal of pediatrics 169 (2016): 305-309.
Jemal, Ahmedin, et al. "Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2009, featuring
the burden and trends in human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers and HPV vaccination
coverage levels." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 105.3 (2013): 175-201.
Michael, Charles A., et al. "An evaluation of community perspectives and contributing factors to
missed children during an oral polio vaccination campaign–Katsina State, Nigeria." The Journal
of infectious diseases 210.suppl_1 (2014): S131-S135.