Validity and Reliability: An Overview of Research Instruments

This report provides a concise overview of validity and reliability, two critical concepts in research methodology. It defines both terms, highlighting the differences between them, such as the focus of validity on measuring what is intended and reliability on the consistency of results. The report differentiates between internal and external validity, and discusses the significance of these concepts in ensuring the accuracy and trustworthiness of research findings. The report explores the relationship between validity and reliability, emphasizing that a valid instrument is always reliable, though a reliable one may not always be valid. The report also provides a list of references for further reading, including books and journal articles.

Discussion on the
Meaning of Validity
and Reliability

Table of Content
Definition.....................................................................................................................................3
Difference....................................................................................................................................3
Significance.................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

Definition
Reliability means the level of consistency resulted from the study or generating
consistency results of the measuring test. It can be categorized into external & internal validity
where external reliability reflects how constant the results in case same processes are been
carried out for conducting test (Mohajan, (2017)). Internal reliability means as the personality
test of an individual which must produce same results each and every time for same participant.
Validity referred as the measuring test for which it claims for measuring and it is also
classified into internal and external validity. Internal type of the validity stated as an independent
variable that causes a change or assessing whether there present any confounding variables.
Moreover, external validity reflects the degree to which laboratory study could generalize to the
real life based settings in an efficient manner.
Difference
Validity Reliability
It is defined as the degree up-to which scales
gauges, what it seeks to gauge.
It is revealed as extent or level of
reproducibility of results, in case repeated
measurements are been done.
Always a valid instrument is considered as
reliable.
However, reliable instrument does not always
seem as valid.
At the time of evaluation of multi-scale item, it
is counted as more and more valuable.
In comparison to validity, it is seen as less
valuable in case of evaluation (Biasutti, & Frate,
(2017)).
Analyzing validity in the report is difficult. However, scholar can easily analyze reliability
of a measuring instrument.
Significance
It is important that the instrument frame in research is valid and reliable because the
conclusions and inferences are drawn on the basis of an information obtained.

REFERENCES
Books and journal
Biasutti, M., & Frate, S. (2017). A validity and reliability study of the attitudes toward
sustainable development scale. Environmental Education Research. 23(2). 214-230.
Mohajan, H. K. (2017). Two criteria for good measurements in research: Validity and
reliability. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series. 17(4). 59-82.