Type of Vessels: Analysis of Cargoes and Market Share 2017/2018

This report provides a detailed overview of various types of vessels, including liquid bulk carriers, dry bulk carriers, general carriers, container carriers, Ro/Ro carriers, and passenger carriers. For each vessel type, the report covers its history, typical sizes, types of cargoes carried, and market share, with specific data from 2017 and 2018 where available. The analysis highlights the evolution of these vessels, their roles in global trade, and their relative importance in terms of deadweight tonnage and economic value. The report concludes by noting that container ships are the largest in terms of length, while bulk carriers and tankers have higher weight capacities and shipping volumes.

Running head: TYPES OF VESSELS 1
Types of Vessels
Name
College

TYPES OF VESSELS 2
Type of vessels
Bulk carriers Liquid
Introduction/ Brief history
These are ships that carry cargo in liquid form. Liquid cargo ships are identified
collectively as tankers, the latter carries a wide range of liquid consignments (Behrooz et al
2018). The first tankers in history were industrialized in the mid-nineteenth century at a time
when the usage of iron gave room for economical bulk transportation of liquids ensuring that
there is no form of leakage experienced (Mohammed, Hussein & Albdiri 2018). For the modern
tanks, they do have a large and segregated ballast tank allowing the ships from their return empty
journey to sit lower in the water with an aim of improving their stability (Mohanta et al 2018).
Sizes
Just like the instance of the bulk carriers, the economy of scale has since seen to it that
the tankers size is driven up with the largest examples with deadweight or carrying capacity
being over 400,000 tons (Özdemir & Güneroğlu 2018).
Types of cargoes carried
1. Crude Oil
2. Oil Products such as; gasoline, and vegetable oil
3. Wine
4. Orange Juice
5. Acids
6. Chemical Substances
7. Gas under ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure.
Liquid bulk carrier vessels market shares

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Bulk liquid carriers follow closely the dry bulk carriers at 29.2 percent of the overall deadweight
tonnage.

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Bulk carriers Dry
Introduction/ Brief history
These are Cargos used in carrying dry goods with a higher tolerance to cold and heat such
as coal, metal ores, grains, forest products, and steel products (Talley, 2018). Dry bulk
commodities are raw materials that are shipped in unpacked, large parcels (Balci, Cetin & Esmer
2018). There are numerous companies that specialize in dry bulk commodity delivery. This
shipment does not need any special type of precaution. These vessels are categorized mainly into
two; container ships and bulk carriers. Historically, these vessels were recognized as the
backbone of the world’s commercial fleet (Guerrero-Caballero et al 2018). These carriers are
fortified with specific cargo stacking equipment’s, typically in the form of derricks. The cargo is
stuffed in various holds, its effectiveness and unloading speed or loading procedure always be
determined by on the skills of the port workers and the ship’s crew (Arabatzis et al 2018). Such
carriers always work on a systematic service amid two or numerous harbors as “liners”, although
they are also able to function in the vagrant trade whereby the vessels can go anywhere they are
required. The dry bulk fleet growth considerably fluctuates in pace and level from handy size to
cape size. Over the past few years, the handy size has been steady fairly at a percentage of 2.1, a
value that has since remained constant for either the supermax or the handymax although at a
percentage level of 5.3 (Sun, Liu, Zheng & Chen 2018).
Sizes
Bulk dry carrier sizes vary from small mini-bulker with a capacity of under 10,000
deadweight tonnage to the giant capsize vessels with a capacity of up to 400,000 deadweight
tonnage or even more (Finn, Stringer & Foster 2018). Furthermore, the capsize bulkers are huge

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with a dead weight between 150, 000 and 400, 000. As per estimates, of about 93% cargo
capsize bulkers do consist of coal and iron ore (Rudén, Frenning, Bramer, Thalberg & Alderborn
2018). The handymax and handysize bulkers, this including the supermax bulker represents the
majority of bulk carriers over 10, 000 DWT. Used in carrying coal, iron ore, cement, fertilizer,
grains and finished steel.
Types of cargoes carried
1. Grains.
2. Fertilizers.
3. Phosphates.
4. Ores.
5. Cement
6. Coke and coals
7. Bauxite
8. Wet; chemicals, orange juice, and other refined petroleum products.
Market share for bulk carriers dry
Dry bulk carriers carrying grain, core and iron ore justifies for the principal segment of the
world's fleet in deadweight tonnage and also the principal shares of the overall consignment
resonant capacity at 42.5%. Nevertheless, weak worldwide industrial activity and investments
did weigh down on the dry bulk trade segment, within the dry bulk segments (Yao et al 2018).

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General Carriers
Introduction/ Brief history
Even though the general carrier vessels are being replaced globally by the bulk and
container carriers, the later still operates globally. Here the carrier can either be in the form of
bags or even pallets and it is identified as break-bulk (Plessas, Kanellopoulou, Zaraphonitis,
Papanikolaou & Shigunov 2018). In many cases, there might exist other specialized handling
facilities for such shipment, although unloading and loading are done using straps and cranes (for
boxes) and for bags, a sling is used instead (Ivče, Rudan & Rudan 2018).in a case where loose or
even irregular cargo has been carried, the ship’s crew will be expected to pack the cargo, this to
see to it that damages have been minimized alongside seeing to it that space utilization has been
maximized. Depending on a particular trade, the cargo varies from the cargo vessel that is
slender with medium speed to those regarded to be slow speed exceptionally high block vessels
with high load capability.
Sizes
The General cargo vessels do vary in dimensions, lengthwise their sizes lie between 80 m to 160
m, with the second having a deadweight of around 20,000 tons.
Types of cargoes carried
These are ships with one or more decks, they have the ability to carry numerous
commodities in various forms such as palletized, boxed, refrigerated and with the possibility of
accommodating bulk materials such as grains.
Market share for the General Carriers
In the year 2017, except for the general carriers, nearly all the vessel types recorded a positive
growth rate, the growth rate showed a long-term deterioration in the world fleet shares. Later in

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2018, the general carriers accounted for 3.9% of the overall deadweight tonnage decrees from the
4% recorded in 2018.

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Container Carriers
Introduction/ Brief history
Just as the name suggests, the vessel has been mainly structured to contain huge
quantities of cargo that has been compacted into various container types. The first models were
launched in the early 1950s mainly designed for transporting goods (Balci, Cetin & Tanyeri
2018). Contemporarily, container carriers have become the main method in which manufactured
goods across the globe are transported. A container can always be amongst train, truck, and ship
comparatively in an easy manner and that which is referred to be standard size when it comes to
simplifying transportation. Containers are also able to accommodate any goods from electrical
equipment’s, to foodstuffs to automobiles (Ng, Wong, Shou & Jiang 2018). These containers can
also be used in transporting palletized and bagged liquids, goods and refrigerated cargo. The
larger containers are also restricted by their sizes to some ports across the globe and they are not
in a position to transit owing to draft issues or in the situation where there are limitations or canal
beams.
Sizes
The standard container carriers are measured in (Twenty-foot Equivalent Units) TEUs,
these are usually 20 (1 TEU) to 53 feet long. All of the standard shipping containers are
expected to be “8 feet wide and 8 feet 6 inches tall”. Nevertheless, there exist taller, longer or
even shorter standard sizes that are less mutual. Ultra Large Container Vessels i.e. Emma Maersk
carrying roughly 15,000 (TEU), this dependent on the weight of the container.
Types of cargoes carried
1. Toys

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2. Televisions
3. DVDs
4. Clothing
5. Meat
6. Computers
Market share for container carriers
These are the third largest fleets and they account for 13.1% of the total. Nevertheless, vessel
ships to convey goods of an advanced unit value as compared to the liquid and dry bulk ships,
they also travel at higher speeds when compared to the other fleets. Effectively, the container
carriers’ goods that surpass half the total seaborne trade, this by economic value.

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Ro/Ro Carriers
Introduction/ Brief history
The roll on-roll aka Ro-Ro vessel is available in numerous forms, this includes cargo
ships and water ferries that do carry truck trailers although the one that is mainly used in
transporting road vehicles is known as a car carrier. Besides being slab-sided, the vessels feature
numerous vehicle decks consisting of parking lanes, all which are linked by an internal ramp
with contact to the shore provided by either one or more loading ramps. An advantage of the Ro/
Ro cargo is that it doesn't depend on the infrastructure available at the port. Forgetting the
palpable need for a suitable docking facility for the ships, the majority of the Ro/ Ro cargos are
possible to discharge and load without a larger harbor type of equipment such as trucks or even
cranes. There are three types of Ro/ Ro vessels namely; pure car carriers, pure car truck carriers,
and the RO-RO.
Sizes
The cargo volume of these vessels is also measured in CEU (Car Equivalent Units) with the
largest car hauler having a capacity of more than 6,000 CEU.
Types of cargoes carried
1. Cars
2. Busses
3. Trucks
4. Agricultural vehicles
5. Cranes.
Market share for the Ro/ Ro carriers

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The worldwide Ro/ Ro carrier market has been able to balance the demand and supply
extraordinarily well in the last years, as per the Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics Global Market
Intelligence, the global fleet utilization had risen fairly steady from below 90 percent in 200 to a
feverish 100% before the market collapsed in 2008. Upon the crisis heating, the impact became
deep and steep, this with demands dropping by almost half in some markets.

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Passengers Carriers
Introduction/ Brief history
The passenger ships are mainly used for carrying passengers. The category includes
yachts, ferries, and cruise and ocean liners. This category encompasses anything from 10-person
foot ships up to ‘cruise ships’ that are able to transmit more than 6,000 passengers. This might be
possibly the most specified freight of all. Human desires and wants have since determined the
design of modern ships and other voyage vessels. Ferries were once perceived as a means to an
end for the majority, although contemporarily they are lavishly equipped with lounges, shops,
entertainment facilities, restaurants and even some, recreation facilities. The first ships of this
nature to undertake a public cruise can be dated back to the 19th century although voyaging grew
in mass popularity later in the 20th century.
Sizes
The ships are larger too, for instance, the Ulysees operating amid Holyhead and Dublin
conveying over 1,300 cars and 2000 passengers.
Ocean liners are traditional passenger ships that can typically accommodate 1,500 to 2,000
passenger seats with facilities such as sports halls, swimming pools, and saloons.
Types of cargoes carried
1. Humans
Market share for passenger carriers
The cruise industry is expected to keep on growing, this according to the statement by the
Cruise Lines International Association. Currently, cruise transport has recorded a steady rise
with a projection of about 27.2 million passengers being expected to set sail by the end of the