Violence and Health: A Comprehensive Overview and Analysis

This report investigates the significant correlation between violence and health, emphasizing its impact on both physical and mental well-being. It delves into the prevalence of violence, particularly among young adults and adolescents, and its association with mortality rates. The report highlights the direct and indirect effects of various forms of violence, including youth violence, child abuse, intimate partner violence, and others, on individuals' health. It also discusses the occurrence of chronic diseases, mental health issues, and reduced quality of life stemming from violence exposure. Furthermore, the report provides recommendations for intervention and prevention strategies, such as establishing data systems, raising awareness, and formulating policies to mitigate the negative consequences of violence and improve public health outcomes. The report concludes by emphasizing the need for understanding the adverse effects of violence and implementing effective strategies to safeguard the population's health and quality of life.

Running head: VIOLENCE AND HEALTH
VIOLENCE AND HEALTH
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note

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Executive summary:
Violence and health are related to each other as it have negative impact on the health of
the individual. The report aims to provide information regarding the negative impact on the
health of the individual. In the report the prevalence rate of the violence and its relation with the
death rate is also discussed in the report. The report highlights the direct and indirect impact of
the different types of violence which includes, Youth violence, Child neglect and abuse,
Violence between the intimate partners, Elderly abuse, Sexual abuse, Self-directed violence and
Collective violence on the health of the populations. The strategy that can be used to reduce the
impact of the violence on health is also recommended in the report.

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Table of Contents
Introduction:......................................................................................................................3
Prevalence rate:.................................................................................................................3
Effects of the violence:.......................................................................................................4
Direct effects:.................................................................................................................4
Indirect effect:................................................................................................................4
Types of violence:...............................................................................................................5
Recommendation:..............................................................................................................6
Conclusion:.........................................................................................................................7
References:.........................................................................................................................8

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Introduction:
Violence is co-related with the physical and mental health of the individual. Violence is
considered as one of the major causes of death all around the world. The primary aim of the
report is to evaluate the relationship between violence and its impact on the health. According to
a survey conducted by WHO (2019), it is primarily observed in individuals of age 15 to 25.
According to Tian et al. (2016). It have both direct and indirect negative impact on the individual
who has been suffering from violence or is exposed and witnessed to violence which is
mentioned in the report in detail. The report also contains the types of violence. Instead of the
severity of the violence noticed, the issue is still underrated. Hence in order to create awareness
regarding the correlation of violence and health, the report has been formulated. The report also
contains recommendation to deal with such situation.
Prevalence rate:
Violence is one of the most underrated public health issue around the world wide.
According to Bohra et al. (2015), more than 4500 individuals have died due to the violence
worldwide. It is estimated that, around half of the total death that have been occurred due to the
violence, which is around 1.7 million occurs by suicide. One third of the total deaths were
observed by homicide and one-fifth is due to the war related injuries.
The impact of violence is more on the young adults and adolescents as compared to
individual of any other age. Out of the total number of death, suicide in the fourth leading cause,
interpersonal violence is on 5th rank and the war-related death is the 10th major cause of death
worldwide. The homicide death rate in Australia is less as compared to any other countries. The
homicide rate is 4,7 per 100,000 of the total populations. The death rate of females due to the

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violence is 7.1% whereas that of the males is 13.6%. It is also dependent upon the income level
of the country, age, gender and other factors (Cure Violence, 2019).
Effects of the violence:
As mentioned above, violence is one of the leading cause of deaths and hence it should
be considered as one of the public health issue. It is observed that violence have negative effect
on the health. It have negative impact on the health of the individual on both who has been
exposed to violence or the individual who has been witnessed to violence (Cure Violence 2019)
It have both direct and indirect effects on the individual health of the individual.
Direct effects:
Death: Death is the major effect of the violence and the negative impact of it is the increased
death rate as it is considered as one of the major leading of death in the individual aged 15-24.
In some countries, violence is considered as the major cause of death in the individual of age 34.
The total number of death observed from 1960 is around 1 million.
Physical injury: Apart from death, the other negative impact it have is the physical injury.
Violence have negative impact on the physical health of the individual. The patient might have
bruises and might hospitalized (Linton 2015).
Indirect effect:
Apart from the death and physical injury, different effects are also observed in the
individual who has been exposed to violence or have witnessed violence. Individuals might have
negative impact in both physical and mental health. The indirect effects which is observed in
individuals are listed below:

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Chronic disease: It is observed that the violence on the individuals leads to the occurrence of the
chronic disease which if not treated effectively might lead to death and other pernicious impact
on the health of the individual. The chronic disease that has been frequently observed due to the
violence includes, heart complication, asthma, cancer, heart stroke (McLaughlin et al. 2016).
Mental health complication: In addition to the negative impact on the physical health, it also
have negative impact on the mental wellbeing of the individual. It gives rise to mental health
issue such as, anxiety, depression and PTSD. It also enhances the rate of stress on the individual
(Oram, Khalifeh and Howard 2017).
Reduced life quality: The impact of violence is observed in the quality of the life. They pose a
strong impact on the health of the individual, both on physical and mental health, which leads to
reduced quality of life (Skar et al. 2019).
Enhanced risk of the perpetrating violence: The individuals who have been exposed to
violence gets a mindset like that which leads to enhanced risk of exposure to violence in the
future ((Skar et al. 2019).
Types of violence:
According to WHO (2019), there are different types of violence observed worldwide among
the populations, which also poses negative impact on the health as well as poses economic
burden on the individual due to health related issue.
1. Youth violence
2. Child neglect and abuse.
3. Violence between the intimate partners.
4. Elderly abuse

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5. Sexual abuse
6. Self-directed violence
7. Collective violence
All these types of violence are commonly observed and creates extra burden on the health of
the populations (Sugg 2015).
Recommendation:
According to Rudge (2016), violence might have negative impact on the health of the
population. In order to avoid such health complications, certain strategies are recommended
which are follows:
a. Youth violence can be reduced by establishing the data system that helps to
monitoring and evaluating the risk factor involved for increase amount of the youth
violence and make different strategies to reduce the number of youth violence (Ward
et al. 2015).
b. In order to reduce the number of youth violence, it is important to understand the
actual cause behind the youth violence, which can be collected with the help of
evidence-based practice (Ward et al. 2015).
c. Different strategies can be used to prevent violence such as awareness programs and
camps.
d. Self-confidence should be increased among the individual who are either suffering
from violence or is exposed to that.
e. Different policies were formulated to prevent violence (Lantta et al. 2016).

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f. In case of elder and women violence, one of the most effective strategy is to make
them financially independent.
Conclusion:
From the above report, it is concluded that violence and health are both related to each
other. It is the 10th most leading cause that leads to death, especially in young adults and
adolescence. The report contain the prevalence rate of the violence and its impact on the heath of
the individual, which is death, chronic health disease, mental health complications and other
serious effects. According to a survey conducted by World Health Organization, it is observed
that there are different types of violence observed worldwide which includes, Youth violence,
Child neglect and abuse, Violence between the intimate partners, Elderly abuse, Sexual abuse,
Self-directed violence and Collective violence. All these types of violence have negative impact
on the mental and physical health of the individual and along with that it also pose burden on the
health of the individual which should be prevented in order to provide a quality life to them.
Hence, order to do that, different suggestions or recommendations were formulated that reduces
the risk factor for the violence and eventually reducing the negative effect on health thereby
reducing the death rate. Hence by the help of these report, the populations will get to know the
negative impact of the abuse and violence on health and to reduce that strategies that were
formulated should be followed.

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References:
Bohra, N., Sharma, I., Srivastava, S., Bhatia, M.S., Chaudhuri, U., Parial, S., Sharma, A. and
Kataria, D., 2015. Violence against women. Indian journal of psychiatry, 57(Suppl 2),
p.S333.
Cure Violence (2019). Violence as a Health Issue. [online] Cure Violence. Available at:
http://cureviolence.org/understand-violence/violence-as-a-health-issue/ [Accessed 25 Jul.
2019].
Lantta, T., Anttila, M., Kontio, R., Adams, C.E. and Välimäki, M., 2016. Violent events, ward
climate and ideas for violence prevention among nurses in psychiatric wards: a focus
group study. International journal of mental health systems, 10(1), p.27.
Linton, K.F., 2015. Interpersonal violence and traumatic brain injuries among Native Americans
and women. Brain injury, 29(5), p
McLaughlin, K.A., Basu, A., Walsh, K., Slopen, N., Sumner, J.A., Koenen, K.C. and Keyes,
K.M., 2016. Childhood exposure to violence and chronic physical conditions in a national
sample of US adolescents. Psychosomatic medicine, 78(9), p.1072.
Oram, S., Khalifeh, H. and Howard, L.M., 2017. Violence against women and mental health.
The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(2), pp.159-170.
Rudge, T., 2016. (Re) thinking violence in health care settings: A critical approach. Routledge.
Skar, M., Lokdam, N., Liebling, A., Muriqi, A., Haliti, D., Rushiti, F. and Modvig, J., 2019.
Quality of prison life, violence and mental health in Dubrava prison. International
Journal of Prisoner Health.

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Sugg, N., 2015. Intimate partner violence: prevalence, health consequences, and intervention.
Medical Clinics, 99(3), pp.629-649.
Tian, N., Cui, W., Zack, M., Kobau, R., Fowler, K.A. and Hesdorffer, D.C., 2016. Suicide
among people with epilepsy: A population-based analysis of data from the US National
Violent Death Reporting System, 17 states, 2003–2011. Epilepsy & Behavior, 61,
pp.210-217.
Ward, C.L., Dawes, A. and Van Der Merwe, A., 2015. Youth violence. The Oxford textbook of
violence prevention: epidemiology, evidence and policy, pp.27-34.
WHO (2019). [online] Apps.who.int. Available at:
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42495/9241545615_eng.pdf;jsessionid=
500213BFF0B1F1E4A3E72FFEB391282E?sequence=1 [Accessed 25 Jul. 2019].

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Indirect effects: