Research Project: Visa Rules, Labour, and Small Business in Australia

This research project investigates the exploitation of workers and declining labour conditions in Australia, focusing on the impact of visa rules on small business employers and workers. The report begins with an introduction highlighting the adverse effects of declining labour conditions on the country's economic and employment sectors, emphasizing the need to analyze changes in visa rules and their implications for small businesses. The aim is to identify the impact of visa rules on small business workers due to exploitation, with objectives including understanding declining labour conditions, recognizing the impact of visa rules on employers, and recommending strategies for recruiting applicants. A literature review explores the conditions of labour exploitation, methods to reduce it, and the impact of visa policies. The methodology section details the use of primary and secondary data collection, including surveys and interviews, along with the application of Marxism theory for data analysis. The data analysis section presents findings on employee demographics, employer tenure, the number of skilled workers employed, the impact of skilled workers, and forecasts on the effects of visa changes. Recommendations include using motivational tools, changes in visa policies, and development programs. The conclusion summarizes the findings and emphasizes the need for visa policy changes to improve Australia's conditions. The report includes a table of contents, aim and objectives, literature review, data analysis, recommendation, conclusion, and references.

RESEARCH PROJECT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE..............................................................................................................................................3
AIM AND OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................4
DATA ANALYSIS..........................................................................................................................8
RECOMMENDATION...................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................10

TITLE
Exploitation of workers and declining labour conditions in Australia: the impact of visa
rules on small business employers and workers.
INTRODUCTION
Declination in number of labours and their conditions impact on country's economic and
employment factor. Therefore, all systems including visa, migration of people from one nation to
nation also get affected adversely. The present report is based on understanding changes in visa
rules and workers belonged to foreign countries impact on small business employers in Australia.
In this regard, actual performance of the country because of this change is to be described as well
research methods for reducing the issue and recruiting more workers for business operations can
be introduced. However, theories used for this research project and analysis of collected data by
which further decisions are made to be expressed through this assignment. Thus, students are
able to understand research project's aspects for identifying condition of small business
employers because of changes in visa rules through this report.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
Aim of the research project:
To identify impact of visa rules on small business workers because of exploitation of
workers: A case study on Australia.
Objectives of study:
 To understand the concept of declining labour conditions in Australia.
 To recognise impact on visa rules on small business employers.
 To recommend the country for recruiting applicants at higher level from other countries
worldwide.
Importance of the research project
This project report is essential to analyse performance of Australia in respect of occurred
issue as labour exploitation in the country (Campana, 2015). However, ideas for reducing the
issue through implementing visa policies and recruiting applicants on large scale for small
businesses of the country are introduced. In this regard, impact of changes in visa polices on

country's economic and employment sector is described. Along with this, adequate knowledge
regarding solving out the issue is presented for effectiveness of Australia and encouraging small
scale enterprises for improving their efficiencies that contributes in country's economic growth.
Therefore, this project is significant for improving condition of Australia by deep research and
generating ideas for reducing labour exploitation systematically (Carmody and Murphy, 2017).
LITERATURE REVIEW
Conditions of labour exploitation in Australia:
According to Faggian, Corcoran and Rowe, (2016) labour exploitation is considered as an
obstacle for any country's growth. It also affects different other sectors of the nation such as;
migration of workers, increasing in turnover ratio, disturbance in production and distribution of
goods and services within countries etc. For reducing these occurred issue, nation can implement
strategies for employers' sustainability in the organisation as well emerging interest towards job
performance effectively. In order to this, changes in visa policies would be good for nation's
effectiveness and its proper growth in employment sector. However, labour exploitation
condition can be improved through using these strategies and attracting other countries' people
also for job performance on large scale.
On the contrary to this, Hannes and Parylo, (2014) argues that this exploitation of labour
impacts on country's performance adversely which is not good for development and employment
sector. Therefore, reducing this issue is quite necessary for proper employment, economic
position and country's growth efficiently.
Methods to reduce exploitation of labour:
In opinion of Mandakovic, Cohen and Amorós, (2015) for any small scale enterprise, it is
needed for maintaining and sustaining interest of its workers which decreases turnover issue also
remains able for country's effectiveness. However, by using motivational tools for encouraging
workers regarding job as; bonus, incentive, reward, appreciation is helpful to sustain workers'
interest for job. Similarly, asking labours about their requirements and providing services
according to their interest would be effective. Therefore, declination in labour condition in
Australia can be improved through changes in policies.

Nathan, (2014) also claims that we can control on only our country's rules and regulations
as well visa policies but other nations' rules are also affected on declination of employers. In
order to this, because of varies in government policies in different countries of the world,
recruiting labour from that nations is quite difficult. Thus, exploitation in labour can be improved
through using these methods efficiently.
METHODOLOGY
For analysing actual condition of Australia with causes behind exploitation of labour,
different research methods are used for collecting data. For example; primary and secondary data
collection, conducting survey and so on. In primary data collection, researcher collects
information related to selected topic at first time through conducting survey, face to face
interview, door to door asking questions etc. This information have no link with business
operations in past years and future intentions (Smith and et.al., 2015).
While, on the other side, for collecting data at secondary level, prepared materials are
used for analysis and preparing strategies for further operations. Therefore, for identifying
condition of Australia regarding labour declination, researcher uses both primary and secondary
data collection methods. Under primary data collection, he is to ask selected respondents who
make decisions related to visa policies. Similarly, for gathering information at secondary level,
prepared data which shows country's position in last years are to be used. Thus, by applying
these research methods, variety of information can be obtained as well tools to improve
condition of the country for visa policies and recruiting workers on large scale from other
countries as well (Visa policy impact on country's growth, 2016).
There are different theories used for research project and data collection can be
understood as follows:
 Feminist theory: This theory is related to project on domestic violence and political
representation which does not link with this research title.
 Marxism theory: The research project theory related to collecting information regarding
exploitation of workers in countries and its impact on nation's effectiveness is presented.
However, exploitative employers and country's position is identified through this way

(Campana, 2015). Therefore, this theory is the most suitable for working upon our
projection which would be effective for improving condition of Australia.
 Discourse theory: This theory is related with understanding media views and
conversations regarding the topic. Thus, discourse theory is also suitable with research
topic but it is that much adequate as Marxism theory (Carmody and Murphy, 2017).
Thus, for data collection and the projection regarding analysing condition of Australia in
context to labour exploitation, Marxism theory is to be used. It is suitable to find out the reasons
behind issue as well ideas to overcome it.
For data analysis and visa impact on small enterprises of Australia, face to face interview
is to be conducted with 2 employers and 1 employee of the organisation. However, ideas can be
generated for preparing strategies regarding skilled workers and changes in visa policy.
For this projection and conducting data, researcher is to ask questions regarding visa
policy impact on small business enterprise with their employers (Hannes and Parylo, 2014).
Therefore, he selected 3 respondents from a small scale business of Australia. Here, 2 employers
as managers belonged to finance and production department on employee are participated in the
interview. For this purpose, he prepares list of questions regarding impact of visa on small scale
enterprise can be presented as:
Name:
Name of the organisation:
Q.1 In which of the following age group your employees belonged the most?
 Below 19
 20-23
 24-30
 31-45
 Above 45
Q.2 How long have you been an employer of workers on a skilled visa?

 1 year
 2-3 years
 4-6 years
 Above 6 years
Q.3 How many skilled workers do you have employed in your business?
 30%
 40%
 60%
 70%
Q.4 What are the major impacts the skilled workers have on your business?
 Demographic changes
 Visa policies
 Government policies
 Environmental factors
Q.5 Are there indigenous skilled workers in Australia for your business?
 Yes
 No
Q.6 Has there been growth in profit with the employment of skilled workers?
 Yes, definitely
 Moderate
 No
Q.7 How will the recent changes in the skilled workers visa affect your business?
 Improving
 Fewer issues in migration of employees

 Increasing number of applicants for business.
DATA ANALYSIS
Hand coding: In this process, data are analysed through graphical presentation and
thematic analysis of collected data. However, gathered data are presented effectively and easy
way.
Manual coding: In this coding collected data are analysed in general way and for
identifying impact of changes in visa policy on Australia. Analyst uses this system for data
analysis and presenting country's performance because of visa implementations.
Different views of small enterprises' employers on visa policy impact on their businesses
can be analysed in following thematic presentations:
Age group of employees belonged the most: It is analysed that 2 out of 3 employees in
all small enterprises are between 24-30 age group. However, they express their views that
changes in visa policy impact on small business enterprise and its operations.
Employer on a skilled visa: In this analysis, employers working time for their business
enterprises are identified. However, it is gained that 50% respondents are working from 2 to 3
years therefore proper analysis can be obtained on labour declination and reasons behind the
issue.
Number of skilled workers have employed in your business: Respondents present that
number of employees who work for their organisation are between 100-200 almost as between
30-40%. It is because of labour declination and high prices on taking Australian visa. Therefore,
most of the workers resign from their jobs which remains ineffective for small enterprises and
business operations. Including this, they also express opinion on this factor that changes in visa
policy would be effective to reduce the issue as well improving condition of the country.
Forecasting on recent changes in the skilled workers visa affect business: Positive
forecasting on sustainability of employees is created through this research. However, most of the
respondents express positive improvements towards changes in visa policy. Thus,
implementations in visa policies would be effective for small scale enterprise and improving
employment sector as well economic growth of Australia.

RECOMMENDATION
As per the research project, it is recognised that at present condition of Australia is
ineffective because of labour declination. It can be reduced by implementing following
suggestions:
 Using motivational tools as reward, appreciation, incentive to encourage workers more
and emerging interest towards contribution in teamwork (Nathan, 2014).
 Changes in visa policies for foreign countries' employees to sustain them at workplace.
 Organising development programs for motivating workers to enhance working efficiency
and improving quality services at maximum level.
CONCLUSION
Through this research project, it is concluded that labour declination can be reduced by
changes in visa policies which is effective to improve conditions of Australia. In this regard,
actual performance of small scale enterprises of the country is presented that affects visa and
migration of other nations' employees. However, recommendations to reduce the issues and
improving country's effectiveness are identified. Thus, different aspects of business organisation
and implementations in policies are described through this assignment.

REFERENCE
Books and Journal
Campana, P., 2015. The structure of human trafficking: Lifting the bonnet on a Nigerian
transnational network. British Journal of Criminology. 78(1). pp.68-86.
Carmody, P. and Murphy, J.T., 2017. The Impact of China and South Africa in Urban Africa. In
Foreign Capital Flows and Economic Development in Africa. 67(5). pp.29-49.
Faggian, A., Corcoran, J. and Rowe, F., 2016. Evaluating the effects of Australian policy
changes on human capital: the role of a graduate visa scheme. Environment and
Planning C: Government and Policy. 89(1). pp.151-170.
Hannes, K. and Parylo, O., 2014. Let's play it safe: Ethical considerations from participants in a
photovoice research project. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 7(1). pp.255-
274.
Mandakovic, V., Cohen, B. and Amorós, J.E., 2015. Entrepreneurship Policy and Its Impact on
the Cultural Legitimacy for Entrepreneurship in a Developing Country Context. In
Entrepreneurship, Regional Development and Culture. 7(5). pp.109-125.
Nathan, M., 2014. The wider economic impacts of high-skilled migrants: a survey of the
literature for receiving countries. IZA Journal of Migration. 67(5). pp.56-78.
Smith, J.A. and et.al., 2015. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods.
Sage.
Online
Visa policy impact on country's growth. 2016. [online]. Available through:
<https://gspp.berkeley.edu/assets/uploads/research/pdf/h1b.pdf>. [Accessed on 22nd
August 2017].