Review of Vocational Education and Women's Roles in Qatar's Economy

This report provides a comprehensive review of vocational education in Qatar, examining its growth, importance, and factors influencing its effectiveness. It explores the benefits of vocational training for students, universities, and companies, while also addressing the specific challenges faced in the Middle East and Qatar, including skills mismatches and gender gaps. The report delves into the role of vocational education in meeting Qatarization goals and the 2030 vision, emphasizing the need for diversification and a knowledge-based economy. Furthermore, it analyzes the representation and importance of women in the finance and business sectors in Qatar, highlighting governmental efforts and the need for specialized skills. The report concludes by emphasizing the significance of vocational education in achieving Qatar's economic and social development goals.

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Growth and Importance of Vocational Education
Topic Sentence: There is an increasing importance for vocational education by global
organizations and governments
 McGrath, S. (2012). Vocational education and training for development: A policy in need of
a theory?. International Journal of Educational Development, 32(5), 623-631.
 Vocational education and training (VET) are witnessing an increased concern since the
beginning of the current decade by international policymakers.
 The UNESCO has launched a new VET strategy that gained the interest on both the
international and national.
 VET importance is developed based on key assumptions of considering training to be the
driver of productivity that leads to economic development and job creation.
Synthesis Statement: The increasing concern of VET resulted in the implementation of a new
strategy that considers vocational training to be the main driver of economic growth.
Transition Sentence: VET should be effective that complied with the job market needs.
Factors of Effective Vocational Education
Topic Sentence: Effective vocational training is a result of several factors that should exist to
achieve the desired goals.
 Mouzakitis, G. S. (2010). The role of vocational education and training curricula in economic
development. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 3914-3920.
 The level and type of skills required by employees for future employment: Employees should
be prepared for employment by obtaining the appropriate training to work in trade and
industry.
 Providing students with the appropriate training to be able to cope with the challenges of the
job market.
 The employees’ readiness for long-life learning: It enables employees to adapt to the
requirements of globalization in terms of becoming more flexible and dynamic.
Synthesis Statement: There are several skills required by employers in vocational workers that
require providing the students with appropriate training.
Transition Sentence: Employees readiness for long life learning have many benefits
Benefits of Vocational Education to Students, Universities, and Companies
Topic Sentence: There are several benefits to vocational education
 Mouzakitis, G. S. (2010). The role of vocational education and training curricula in economic
development. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 3914-3920.
 Vocational education supports students with the skills required by the job market rather than
academic knowledge and hence complements university education.
 It enables students to focus on the training required for their desired career.
 It provides flexibility in gaining skills from various sources, like schools and companies.
Synthesis Statement: Vocational education results in developing students’ skills that match
employers’ needs.

Transition Sentence: Vocational education is of high importance to the Middle East and Qatar
development
Vocational Education in the Middle East and Qatar
Vocational Education in the Middle East
Topic Sentence: Almost one-third of people who graduated from TVET is not ready to work.
 Rupert Maclean & John Fien (2017) Introduction and overview: TVET in the
Middle East – issues, concerns and prospects, International Journal of Training Research, 15:3,
197-203
 Despite the improvement in the literacy rate for adults that shows that more than 90% of the
population in GCC are literal, there exists a reverse gender gap represented in girls that
outperform boys in education.
 Vocational education lacks the attention of governments; it has a small contribution to general
education.
 There exists a growing trend of skill mismatch within the Middle East countries that invest
friction in pre-vocational training.
Synthesis Statement: There are different factors that affect the vocational training in the Middle
East, including gender gap and skills mismatch
Transition Sentence: The current situation of vocational education in Qatar is similar to the
Middle East
Vocational Education in Qatar
Topic Sentence: The main challenge that faces the Qatari government is the relevance of the
vocational education aspects to the job market.
 Chaaban, Y., & Du, X. (2017). Novice teachers' job satisfaction and coping strategies:
Overcoming contextual challenges at Qatari government schools. Teaching and Teacher
Education, 67, 340-350.
 Vocational education in Qatar has to manage the challenges that emerge due to governmental
policies.
 There are two types of coping strategies; direct-action that focuses on providing the students
with the skills required by employers and the avoidance strategies that cure the symptoms of
the problem.
 Automation represents a threat to the vocational workers that could replace about 52% of them
in Qatar.
Synthesis Statement: Qatari government should eliminate the causes of problems of vocational
education and increase the level of autonomy
Transition Sentence: Managing the challenges that face the vocational education in Qatar is
essential to meet the 2030 vision
Role of Vocational Education in Meeting Qatarization Goals and 2030 Vision
Topic Sentence: The Qatari government is required to diversify its economy by enhancing the
educational system to create a knowledge-based economy according to its National Vision 2020.

 Btool, H., & Koc, M. Challenges and drivers for Qatar’s transformation into a knowledge-
based economy and society – Work in progress in education system performance. Press
Academia Procedia, 4(1), 281-288.
 The Qatari government has to devote more care to its human development.
 The government should support the development of vocational skills and match them to the job
market needs.
Synthesis Statement: The reform should include the organizational goals by implementing
envisioned vocational training programs and continuously monitoring vocational employees’
performance.
Transition Sentence: The Qatari government should direct its policy-making towards vocational
education and training and closing the gender gap.
Women in Finance and Business Sector in Qatar and Region
Representation in Finance and Business Sector
Topic Sentence: Qatari women are similar to Arab women in terms of the limit of achievement
that they can reach.
 Golkowska, K. (2017). Qatari women navigating gendered space. Social Sciences, 6(123), 1-
10.
 Women who are capable of establishing their own small businesses should be able to market
their products.
 Qatari women contribute to business and finance services due to social mobility.
 Qatari women representation in the finance and business sector is increasing
Synthesis Statement: Governmental efforts support women's participation in daily physical
activities.
Transition Sentence: Women play a very important role in the finance and business sector
Importance of Women in Finance and Business Sectors in Qatar
Topic Sentence: The increasing role of employed women reflects the increased role of females
and equal pay for equal work.
 Williams, J., Bhanugopan, R., & Fish, A. (2011). Localization of human resources in the
State of Qatar. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues. 4)3,(
193-206.
 There is an increased contribution of Qatari women in business professional roles.
 The governmental efforts of localization provide more opportunities to Qatari women in the
finance and business sectors.
 There is still a need for skilled labor among Qatari women.
Synthesis Statement: Banking and finance sectors require highly specialized skills that is why
they are still occupied by expatriates despite the governmental efforts.
Transition Sentence: More attention should be given to increase women’s specialized skills.