This report provides a comprehensive overview of safeguarding in health and social care, addressing various facets of vulnerability and abuse. It begins by explaining why certain individuals and groups are more susceptible to harm, discussing risk factors and the impact of social and cultural influences. The report then delves into current legislation and policies, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, and examines the involvement of key professionals in protecting vulnerable individuals. Furthermore, it explores existing working practices and strategies aimed at minimizing abuse, evaluating their effectiveness and suggesting potential improvements. The report also includes case studies, such as Baby P. and Winterbourne View Hospital, to illustrate the complexities of safeguarding and highlight areas where improvements are needed, providing a holistic understanding of safeguarding practices within the healthcare and social care contexts.