Impact of Culture, Power, and Motivation: Waitrose Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour within Waitrose, a British retailing company. It delves into the impact of organisational culture, power, and politics on individual and team performance, examining various theories and their practical applications. The report explores the influence of power dynamics, including coercive, reward, referent, and informational power, and how organisational politics affect team behaviour. It then discusses organisational culture, using Handy's culture typology and Hofstede's cultural dimensions to analyse Waitrose's internal environment. Furthermore, the report assesses content and process motivation theories, such as Maslow's hierarchy, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and Vroom's expectancy theory, to understand how they facilitate goal achievement. Finally, it differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, highlighting key characteristics and factors contributing to team success. The report concludes with a synthesis of the key findings and their implications for organisational effectiveness at Waitrose.

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
Part A...............................................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
P1) Impact of organisation culture, power, and politics on performance of individual and
team member..........................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P2) Assess how content and process motivation theories, enable appropriate accomplishment
of goal in context of company................................................................................................7
Part B...............................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P3) Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an
ineffective team......................................................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P4 Philosophies and concept of organisational behaviour..................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour signifies the study of individual behaviour which enforces direct
influence on function of organisation. It signifies attitude of individual person imposes direct
influence on structure of job, leadership, diversity as well as performance of company. The
current assignment is depending upon Waitrose. It is the British retailing company which is
located in England, UK. This assignment involves impact of culture, politics and power which
imposes impact on performance level of company. There is a discussion regarding how different
aspect has impact on the individual and behaviour of team within company. There is an
explanation regarding various motivational theories this is mentioned in this report (Aderibigbe,
Nwokolo and Oluwole, 2019).
Part A
TASK 1
P1) Impact of organisation culture, power, and politics on performance of individual and team
member.
Organisation politics, power as well as culture have influence on performance level of
individual and team member. There are various elements which have both favourable and
adverse influence on growth and success of company.
Influence on team and individual Person
Power imposes direct impact on authority just because of position of an individual person
in company. It is imposed by management team to influence individual person to execute
particular task and then perform their work in appropriate manner. It signifies authority such is
appraisal and promotion that are given to subordinate as per their efforts are contribution. There
are different theories which are used by Waitrose that is given below:
Coercive power it is determined as a power where individual person handling daily activity
of company. In context of Waitrose, this power is given to increase performance level of
individual person.
Reward powers this power allotted to individual person who provided reward on the basis
of performance of individual person. This kind of power is allotted to BOD to provide reward to
subordinate as per level of performance.

Referent Power it is the power which is allocated to influence behaviour of an individual
person in company. This power is imposed by leader in front of employees who perform they
work in various level.
Informational power this power possess by individual person who have a capability to
handle information that manage all kind of assignment. This power is given to CEO to handle
such kind of reports and functions such as financial department, functions related to audit and
many more (Balwant, 2018).
Influence of politics on team and individual
Politics signifies attitude of individual person to take decision. The management team in
Waitrose take decision which is necessary for welfare of company and handle political aspects.
There are various factors or elements that impose direct impact on political team and individual
behaviour that is given below:
Organisational culture it imposes direct influence on culture of company if the occurrence
of politics is high and that create adverse atmosphere which imposes direct impact on whole
productivity of subordinate.
Changing attitude politics increases the rumours that lead to change in behaviour of
subordinate. The subordinate lose their interest in executing their role as well is responsibility
related to jobs.
Impact of culture on team and individual
This is an element that enforces direct influence on values of company. The culture of
Waitrose is maintained by contribution of employer as well as employee. Therefore, the culture
is discussed by adopting Handy’s culture typology that is given below:
Power culture it is connected to centralised control which is imposed by organisation and
they perform their work with larger subordinate. Therefore, it is necessary to have larger
authority to impose control over subordinate and increases performance of company.
Role culture it signifies the responsibility as well as role of management team to perform
their work in various functional department related to Waitrose and their main focus is to
allocate as per skill and knowledge of subordinate within company.
Task culture signifies various teams who perform their work in respect of objective and
goal and also the focus is on resolving all kind of conflict and grievances. The task culture of

Waitrose helps in resolving different kind of issues and problem that help in bringing
coordination between subordinate.
Person culture herein, it signifies member who become the significant part of company.
The person culture of Waitrose is used to increase productivity level and higher growth of
company.
Hofstede’s dimension culture theory
This theory signifies the kind of culture and also differences around countries. There are
various dimensions related to culture such as power distance index, uncertainty avoidance index
which is going to be given below:
Power distance index it signifies low as well as high level of power culture. High power
signifies top to down power which is accepted by member of society and also low power
signifies the individual person who focuses on follow rights and also deal in inequality (Dhar,
2015).
Individualism and collectivism it signifies culture where people individual person are
determined as caring and collectivism signifies thinking of group members.
Masculinity/ femininity masculinity signifies elements such as competition as well as
jealousy and many more. Femininity determines a culture where it is necessary to co-ordinate for
welfare of society.
Uncertainty avoidance it is determined as a degree in which person of society focuses on
accepting and avoiding uncertainty as well as tolerance. If this index is high then it is rigid
otherwise if this index is low then it is flexible.
Time orientation herein, there is orientation of short term as well as long term which is
used by society as per situation. Long term orientation signifies emphasize on obstructive and
also show objective which must be achieved.
Indulgence vs. Restraint it is determined as a degree in which person of society
emphasised on need. Indulgence signifies adjustment requirement as per status. It signifies the
enjoyment of individual person without any kind of worries.
It imposes direct effect on both individual as well as behaviour of team on power, politics
and culture within company.

TASK 2
P2) Assess how content and process motivation theories, enable appropriate accomplishment of
goal in context of company.
Content theory signifies the changes which is necessary to occur as per time. The content theory
is adopted by Waitrose for influencing subordinate and increasing their skill. There are various
theories that are given below:
Maslow theory of motivation is depending on belief which motivates or influence
individual person to fulfil need and wants. The fulfilled requirement is not determined as a
motivation there are five level of Maslow theory that is given below:
Physiological need it determine basic requirement like water, clothing, air and many more
this is determined as an initial level of motivation that signifies basic needs related to survival.
Safety need involves health, stability, financial security and many more.
Social need signifies belongingness, society acceptance as well as belief (Fasanmi, 2018).
Self esteem self-esteem is determined as an appreciation and feeling of getting worth.
Self actualization is realisation of present state of an individual person.
In context of this theory is used for enhancing subordinates that assist in fulfilling
requirement by assessing their current stage.
HERZBERG two factor theory it signifies element that impose direct impact on
satisfaction as well as dissatisfaction of subordinate. It determines two elements that is hygienic
and motivational factor. There are different factors that are given below:
Hygiene factor: it signifies physiological requirement which is important for individual
person for survival at workplace. These elements are not used for motivating individual person.
It signifies working environment, organisational policy, basic pay which is important elements
for survival and maintenance of subordinate within company.
Motivational factors this element imposes positive influence on company that assists in
motivating subordinate to increase capacity. It signifies factor like growth, bonus, perks and
higher compensation. All these kind of elements assists in influencing subordinate.
The Maslow theory is adopted by chosen organisation to satisfy basic need of an individual
person.
Process theory of motivation this theory is used for influencing subordinate. Herein, the change
which is occurring in behaviour of individual person is handled. There are various process

theories which are adopted by company like Waitrose that is helpful or useful in influencing
subordinate.
Vroom expectancy theory signifies the changes in behaviour of individual person as per
requirement and also regarding motivation that help in achieving goal. It signifies motivation
level of individual person which is connected to efforts and contribution. This theory signifies
different aspects like expectancy, Instrumentality as well as valence (Morales-Sánchez and
Pasamar, 2019).
Expectancy deal with contribution in respect of higher performance and also focuses on
supporting or performing responsibility related to job.
Instrumentality it signifies that output which is based on level of performance and also
focuses on trust that is helpful in decision making.
Valence is deal with rewards and appraisal in order to achieve favourable outcomes.
This theory is used by Waitrose for handling performance of subordinate as per competency
level of individual person.
Goal setting theory it is a type of theory that signifies improvement plan which influence
individual person to achieve goal. Goal offers particular direction as per which subordinate
performs their work. Goal setting help in influencing individual person that assist them in
increasing their understanding regarding basic achievement and they increases their
performances according to them. There are various factors related to goal setting theory that is
given below:
Goal commitment it is determined as a dedication of an individual person to accomplish
particular target in timely manner. It helps in increasing performance level of an individual
person for achieving goal.
Self-sufficiency it is linked with potential of individual person that is related to
performance. It is based on confidence level according to individual person contribution. Self-
sufficiency is based on contribution which is enhanced then level of performance also enhances.

Part B
TASK 3
P3) Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an ineffective
team
Effective team are determined as a group of individual person who perform their work for
achieving goal of individual and company. Effective team signifies the capability of team with
strong belief between its team members that perform their work that help in achieving objective.
Characteristics of effective team
Clarity of goal Appropriate member of team clarified goal that assists in increasing level
of performance.
Trust due to effective team, there is a presence of trust and loyalty between subordinates
that assists in accomplishing favourable outcomes (Muchiri, Shahid and Ayoko, 2019).
Factors of effective team
Leadership is capability to provide guidance to individual person and setting objective
accordingly.
Clarity of role and responsibility effective member of team has awareness in respect of
particular responsibility that must be executed. The leader of effective team focuses on achieving
objectives in timely manner.
Ineffective team do not have a clarified objective that is achieved in timely manner.
Characteristic of ineffective team: There is various characteristics related to ineffective team
which is given below:
Lack of trust there is confusion or not any kind of trust between the members.
Lack of communication it signifies low level communication between subordinates they do not
interact with one another effectively and it increases complexity level in implementing their
work (Nguyen and Malik, 2020).
Factor of ineffective team there are different factor of ineffective clean in which several are
explained below:
Ineffective interaction in context of effective team superior communication present
there but in case of ineffective team there is not any kind of good interaction among members.

Poor time management for executing a specific task within a team, the management of
time must be availed if time is not managed properly then it increases disturbance among
member of team which determines ineffective team
Differentiation in between effective and ineffective team:
Effective Ineffective
Objectives Emphasised on goal Not attentive
Management Appropriate administration
with channel
Absence of administration
Role and responsibility Focused on role as well as
responsibility and also
improve superior atmosphere
of company.
Not have a clarified vision that
generates uneven atmosphere.
Communication Good as well as superior
communication
Be deficient in
communication
Belbin theory was founded by Dr. Meredith Belbin which signifies team is not determined as a
collection of individual person along with job title but it is determined as a collection or
gathering of individual person in which there are different role which is understood by one
another during particular phase of time period. By understanding responsibility of member, they
focus on acquiring strength as well as reducing weakness which impose direct impact on
performance level of member of team (Salas-Vallina, Alegre and Fernandez, 2017). Belbin
signifies nine role of team member that are divided in various groups action-oriented, thought
oriented as well as people oriented. Each role is executed by individual person to increase
performance level of team member. Therefore, there are various role of this theory which is
going to be given below:
Team worker is an individual person who has responsibility to handle and control every
condition and task in an appropriate way. They focus on help one another to execute better work
and accomplishing goal and manage effectualness between team. It makes sure that the group of
individual person focus on contributing to towards their task, duties as well as project.

Coordinator for superior performance, the coordinator of team adopts motivation to
increase the confidence level of individual person at workplace. The coordinator is confident and
generate positive environment to perform their task. They execute their duty in an appropriate
manner and also scheduling meeting and generating agenda.
Expertise signifies that person who possesses knowledge and skill related to allot task. It
assists member of team in resolving different kind of problems. Expertise is that individual
person who gets attached with goal and objective of organisation. Specialist are determined is
those person who have capability to overcome from problems that is prevailed in task which
assist member of team in increasing performance level (Wong and Wong, 2017).
Implementer signifies individual person who execute ideas, plans strategy into action.
These are organised, disciplined and execute their task or work in an appropriate manner.
Tuckman team development theory
There are various conditions in which organisation adopt Tuckman team development
theory which is given below:
Forming it is basic level in which team is maintained at foundation phase. In context of
Waitrose, the focus is on maintaining relation between members of team with its leader. There is
a proper discussion regarding objective which must be achieved by member of team.
Storming herein, the member of team interacting with one another and there is allocation of
various roles as well as responsibility for achieving goal.
Norming in this level there is a collaborative as well as cooperative practices related to
working that assist in eliminating conflicts.
Performing the employees of Waitrose achieve objective as per skill and level of
competence (Wu, 2015)
Adjourning in last level where in which team are dissolved as goal has been accomplished.
From the given topic, it has been assess that there are various level of developing team that
are adopted by Waitrose for forming team as per particular stages.

Recommendation
On the given aspects, it can be recommended by organisation to increase effective team in
comparison to ineffective team that provide positive contribution towards business organisation.
Moreover, there are different motivational theories such as Maslow theory which is used to
influence employees for achieving goal. The goal setting theory is useful in considering proper
goal as per present situation within company.
TASK 4
P4 Philosophies and concept of organisational behaviour.
Path goal leadership theory was founded by Martin Evans as well as Robert House.
This theory signifies the responsibility of leader is to lead member of team with necessary
information, resources that help in accomplishing goal and objective in timely manner. As per
this theory, the administration of company follows styles of leadership according to environment
of organisation and need of subordinate. The main aim of adopting this kind of theory help in
motivating or influencing subordinate, increasing efficiency of work that help in increasing
contribution level for achieving goal in timely manner. In reference of Waitrose, they use this
kind of theory to assess behaviour, features and working of subordinate that assist in enhancing
performance of subordinate of organisation. By adopting this kind of theory assists management
team to take appropriate decisions after assessing ability of subordinate and organisation. The
management of Waitrose adopts participating style of leadership to get reviews from their staff
member that is helpful in taking decisions within company (Yadav and Punia, 2016). Therefore,
the path goal theory is categorised in three parts that is given below:
Employees characteristics the subordinate understand the behaviour of leader according
to need, task, relationship and capability of control. For example, if leader offer more than one
task they are less motivated and leader requires to increasing understanding level regarding
behaviour of staff that help in influencing them to perform their work in appropriate manner.
They can influence individual person by offering rewards, flexible working hour and many more.
The management team of Waitrose understanding behaviour of an individual person that helps in
working in an appropriate manner.
Task and environment characteristics path goal theory signifies the leader required to
help member of team that help in choosing right track to perform work. There are various

difficult or complex tasks which creates clashes among the member of team. In reference of
Waitrose, the management team required to organise survey to take feedback from subordinate
that help in guide them in to follow particular path to perform their work.
Leader behaviour leader adjust attitude or behaviour as per task of employees so
motivation of subordinate help in achieving goal. By using superior style of leadership, the
management team focuses on monitoring its employees within an organisation. There are various
styles of leadership which is given below:
Directive style herein, the manager focus on informing individual person to execute
different task and coordinating work during particular phase of time period. This is determined
as an effective when there is not any kind of uncertainty within atmosphere.
Participative leader include their subordinate in taking decisions during particular phase of
time period. This is effectual method in performing task in an appropriate manner. In reference
of Waitrose, it includes subordinates in taking a decision that help in increasing productivity
level in future period of time (Zhang Jiang and Jin, 2020).
CONCLUSION
On the given report, it is assessed that Organisation behaviour signifies the study of
individual behaviour which enforces direct influence on function of organisation. It signifies
attitude of individual person imposes direct influence on structure of job, leadership, diversity as
well as performance of company. This assignment involves impact of culture, politics and power
which imposes impact on performance level of company. There is a discussion regarding how
different aspect has impact on the individual and behaviour of team within company. There is an
explanation regarding various motivational theories this is mentioned in this report.