A Report on Organisational Behaviour: Teamwork, Leadership at Waitrose

This report delves into the realm of organisational behaviour, focusing on the distinctions between effective and ineffective teams. It uses Waitrose as a case study to explore teamwork theories, including Belbin and Tuckman's models, and their impact on team dynamics. The report further examines leadership styles, particularly the Path-Goal Theory, and how it can be applied to address organisational challenges, such as high staff turnover and poor working environments. The analysis covers the roles within teams, leadership approaches and the significance of both hard and soft skills for successful organisational outcomes, providing a comprehensive overview of the factors that contribute to effective team performance and organisational success.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................3
P3 What makes effective team as opposed to ineffective team..................................................3
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Concept and philosophies of OB...........................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is defined as study of human relation and application of
knowledge about acting of people in an enterprise (Chumg and et. al., 2016). This is regarded as
human tool which provide benefits to human being. The behaviour of individual should be good
in order to work in an organisation for achievement of goal and objectives. The organisation
given for project work is Waitrose which was established in 1904 at United Kingdom. It is food
retail organisation providing services in different parts of world such as Ireland, England. This
main aim of report is to discuss different types of group and teamwork theories along with
concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour.
TASK 3
P3 What makes effective team as opposed to ineffective team
In order to run business effectively, it is very important to form team so that goal and
objectives can be achieve in an effective and efficient manner.
Team
It is defined as group of two or more people influencing and interacting with each other
who are mutually accountable for achievement of goal and objectives of business. When group
of people work together then they can achieve better results.
Effective Team
It is defined as team which possess characteristics in order to function productively and
efficiently in an organisation. They have unity of cohesion and effort for achieving common goal
of business. This team possess open communication, external relations, conflict management and
others.
Ineffective Team
It is defined as group of individuals who does not mix and possess necessary skills in
order to perform work in an organisation (Coccia, 2015). These types of team do not focus on
achieving goal and objectives of business. They lack unity, knowledge gap, job distribution and
others for better results.
Difference Between Effective and Ineffective Team
Basis of Differences Effective Team Ineffective Team
Meaning It is defined as that team which has It is also defined as team that lack

skills and knowledge in order to
perform work in an organisation for
goal achievement.
skills and knowledge for goal and
objectives achievement of
organisation.
Objective The objective is clear and accepted
by team.
The objectives are unclear and
not accepted by team members.
Working
Environment
It has informal, relaxed and
comfortable environment.
It has bored, tense, indifferent,
informal environment.
Teamwork is explained with help of different theories which are described below:
Belbin Theory
This theory was given by Dr Meredith Belbin in 1981 which possess nine types of teams
under three roles to be performed in an organisation (What Are the Nine Types of Team Roles,
2019). They are described below:
Action Oriented Roles- They focus on improving performance of teams, meeting
deadlines and putting ideas into action. The respective organisation should possess such type of
team for better work performance so that goal and objectives can be meet. They are as follows: Shaper- This role is performed from people who takes challenges and are dynamic in
nature. Waitrose should have individual with shaper role for maintaining positive mental
attitude for finding best way to overcome challenges in order to face team. They possess
great interpersonal communication skills and motivating members of team. Implementer- They are the person who plays role in getting things to be done in an
effective and efficient manner. They are considered as well organised, practical and
efficient. Waitrose should have such individual in order to convert ideas into actual plans
or action. As they accept changes very slowly for better results.
 Complete Finisher- They have eye for detail because they are perfectionists who detect
omissions and errors for ensuring to complete given work within deadlines (Hyde, Harris
and Boaden, 2013). The respective organisation requires such types of role people to
complete given work within time period. They are conscious and worry about arise
problems.

People Oriented Roles- These roles helps in bringing ideas and people both together for
better results. They are as follows: Co-ordinator- These types of people possess great listening skills and are confident and
mature for guiding team members. The individual playing role of coordinator easily
delegate their roles, responsibilities and duties to others for positive outcomes. Team-worker- They focus on ensuring teams to remain united in an effective and
efficient manner (Kazemipour and Mohd Amin, 2012). They focus on solving conflicts,
issues that impact team dynamics. Waitrose requires such individual who can play great
role in managing team and possess effective decision making abilities.
 Resource Investigator- This individual are enthusiastic and inquisitive in nature and
possess networking and negotiating skills. There are different types of situation arise in
Waitrose so they require such role people for performing work to achieve goal and
objectives. With the possessed skills, they develop negotiate and external contacts for
resources of team. These people think quickly and getting information from other people.
Cerebral Roles- They are also called thought oriented as they analyse options and
providing technical expertise for work performance. They are as described below: Plant- They are considered as innovative members of team who come with ideas and
approaches which helps team for overcoming challenges and solving problems. They
have poor communication skills because they work alone. As such people are required in
Waitrose in order to introduce new and creative food for consumers to increase their sales
and productivity. Plant are creative thinker who can easily innovate new and different
things for users. Monitor- These people are critical thinker in team who have cautions and serious in
nature (Lee and Lawrence, 2013). Waitrose deals in food business so they require those
individuals who can monitor each and every activity in an effective manner before
reaching to any conclusion. They are slow decision maker because they analyse each and
every aspect very carefully to get positive outcomes.
 Specialist- They are the person who possess specialist knowledge and skill in particular
field or subject matter. The contribution provided by them is limited as they are bounded
with particular areas or field. It is very important for respective organisation to have such

people in order to perform those critical and specialised work. Due to expert knowledge,
they are different from member of teams.
Therefore, in order to work in an organisation, they required all types of role people to
achieve their goal and objectives in an effective and efficient manner. These different role people
possess various skills, knowledge and experience for better work performance. Thus, with helps
of these roles people, respective organisation can attain and achieve business objectives.
Tuckman Theory
It is the theory which was developed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965 for development of team
(Tuckman stages of group development, 2019). With these theory, team is formed to grow, facing
challenges, tackling problems, finding solutions, planning work and delivering high results. This
theory has five stages of team development which are described below:
Forming- It is defined as the initial stage of team development in which individuals has
not get together. In this stage, member of team finds their place, sized each other and reason for
forming team. The members are unaware of objective and team leader guide them. It is very
important for team leader to provide proper guidance, trust each other and their expectation from
team. The respective organisation has to set objectives and expect it from members to achieve it.
Storming- In this stage, member of team come close to each other and gain trust. Each of
them put their opinion which leads to rise in conflict and some of them hesitate to voice view
being fear of excluded from team (Norton, Zacher and Ashkanasy, 2014). Team leader guide and
encourage members to speak freely and be open minded. Waitrose has to guide their team
members for achievement of set objectives in effective and efficient manner.
Norming- It is the third stage of team development theory where team work for
achieving objectives. The members who are working in team at respective organisation are open
to each other ideas and opinions. They focus on establishing values, methods, rules and standards
which assist in increasing efficiency of team. Leader give autonomy to members so that they can
work independently and create own identity.
Performing- In this stage, members of team provide benefits to organisation in fulfilling
respective task in an effective and efficient manner. They are aware about expectation of
organisation from team and work to achieve goal and objectives. They support each other and
atmosphere is good and cooperation is clear.

Adjourning- It is the last stage where task has been completed and team is dissolved. In
this stage, member of team feel anxiety as they have to left group. The team leader has to pay
attention to team dissolution. They can plan party for team member, provide gift to them in case
of success and motivation and encouragement in case of failure.
There are different benefits which can be achieved from working in team. They can be in
terms of fostering learning and creativity, building strengths, trust, encouraging healthy risk
taking and others (Odetunde, 2013). All the individual possess different types of knowledge,
skills and experience for performing work in an effective and efficient manner. Team members
has to cooperate and coordinate with each other so that better results can be achieved. In order to
work in team, they requires both hard and soft skills for better outcomes. Soft skills are those
which present traits, interpersonal and personal skills. In order to work in organisation, they
should have flexibility, communication, team work, time management skills. Similarly, hard
skills are those which present and learn skills, knowledge, qualification. It includes accounting,
programming language, degrees, certificates and others. Both are essential for work
performance.
TASK 4
P4 Concept and philosophies of OB
Situation: Waitrose is food processing company which is currently facing high staff turnover
due to rude behaviour of manager, working environment is poor. In order to solve such problem,
they are using theory is described below:
Path Goal Theory of Leadership
It was developed by Robert House and Martin Evans in 1971 (Path-Goal Theory of
Leadership, 2018). This is the model where leader has to change their leadership style that
depends upon situation. It is also called contingency models that focus on situation arise in front
of leader. It has three basic steps which are described below:
Leadership Style- There are four types of leadership style which are used in solving
arise situation. They are described below: Directive- They provide direction in order to solve arise situation in an organisation.
Leader of respective organisation has to make rules and regulation for solving arise issue.

 Supportive- Leader create friendly and warm environment for subordinates. In order to
solve employees, they provide positive working surrounding. Participative- The employee working in Waitrose should be included in decision making
by taking their ideas and opinions.
 Achievement Oriented- They provide challenges task to their employees and set baseline
for continuous improvement and high performance.
Subordinate Characteristics- The employees or subordinates should have some
characteristics in order to perform work in an organisation. They are as follows: Need for Affiliation- Subordinate should be included in group and work with supportive
leaders for solving issues. Desire for Control- Subordinates focus on internal and external locus of control. They
follow participative and directive style of leadership for work performance. Preference for Structure- This indicate rigidity and structure in working relationship and
practices (Wood and et. al., 2013). As per structure of business, work performance should
be done in an effective and efficient manner.
 Self-Perceived Level- It is defined as level of task ability where subordinate perform
work.
The environment- There are three elements of environment such as: Task Structure- As per nature of task or issues, leadership style should be used such as
supportive and directive. Primary Work Group- The support received by subordinate from other people. If they do
not receive any support then they cannot work effectively and efficiently.
 Formal Authority System- This is defined as control, policies and rule of organisation.
For solving such issues, they have to follow proper system and authority.
CONCLUSION
From above report it has been concluded that teamwork helps in achievement of goal and
objectives of business. There is different situation which arise in enterprise that requires
individual with various roles so that positive outcomes can be received. For running of
organisation successful, individual should possess skill, knowledge and experience to solve arise
conflict or issues. Working in team provide different benefits to business in terms of creating
relationship, trusting each other, achievement of results.