Walmart's Multinational Expansion: An Annotated Bibliography Analysis

This annotated bibliography explores the multinational expansion strategies of Walmart, a leading global retailer. It analyzes various sources, including journal articles, books, and news reports, to understand how Walmart has successfully entered and grown within different markets, such as Canada. The bibliography covers key aspects like Walmart's business model, competitive advantages, economies of scale, and the impact of its expansion on local markets and competitors. The sources provide insights into Walmart's values, management strategies, and the challenges and opportunities it faces in its global operations, offering a comprehensive overview of its path to becoming a multinational corporation. The bibliography includes various perspectives on Walmart's growth, including its impact on the food industry, its relationship with consumers, and the effects of protests against corporations.

Annotated Bibliography
How multinational firms expand their operations to a new market – Walmart
Student’s name
Institution Affiliation(s)

Carden, A., Courtemanche, C., & Meiners, J. (2009). Wal-Mart and Values: Painting the Town
Red? SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.996164
One of the best journals done on this company, which I have found to be very reliable as far as
understanding the company include, “Wal-Mart and Values: Painting the Town Red?” which
was done by Carden Art, Charles Courtemanche, and Jeremy Meiners. This journal gives an
analysis of the business empire developed by Wal-Mart. It examines the values and principles
that have made the Wal-mart business, enabling it to become of the most successful companies
in the world. The journal gives the business model that the company boasts, which has helped the
company in its business growth and expansion across many countries in America and Europe.
Heller, L. (2015, January 23). Why Walmart Is Winning In Canada. Retrieved February 26,
2019, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/lauraheller/2015/01/23/why-walmart-is-winning-
in-canada/#191adb5d227b
Hellen has taken time to explain about the growth path which Walmart has taken in its growth in
Canada as well as in most other countries not only in America but across Europe. Hellen
explains that Walmart has embarked on establishing 11 new departmental stores that will help
improve its competitive advantage and market position. The Canadian market has been thought
to be quite productive, considering that the country does not have many large stores that can
match those that Walmart has established in the United States.
Deru, M. P. (2010). Walmart Experimental Store Performance Stories: Preprint. New York:
Golden Co. 2010. Online.

The authors of this book have explained in great detail about the path of growth that Walmart has
taken since its establishment in 1962. The authors have traced the management of the company
since its development, from the time it was under Sam Walton, the founder, and manager for a
long time. According to this book, the company has enjoyed great success in its growth,
managing to reach more than 27 countries across the world, with more than 11, 000 stores.
Feb 12, D. P. · C. N. · P., February 12, 2015 5:00 AM ET | Last Updated:, & 2015. (2015,
February 12). Walmart is a threat that Target never was: Don Pittis | CBC News. Retrieved
February 26, 2019, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/why-walmart-hit-the-bull-s-eye-
target-missed-don-pittis-1.2953861
In this article, the author explains that Wal-Mart’s has become a threat to other Canadian
companies in the same industry. Perhaps this idea stems from the fact that Wal-Mart enjoys
greater economies of scale not only in Canada but also in other countries including Europe and
America. Walmart has been successful in establishing various departmental stores in its
expansion processes across the world.
McMillan, T. (2012). The American Way of Eating: Undercover at Walmart, Applebee's, Farm
Fields and the Dinner Table. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
This book provides insight into the eating habits of the American people, something that is
thought to have influenced the idea of Wal-mart business. According to McMillan, Walmart
began the idea of creating a business that would deal with different items especially food
substances. This was after realizing that a great opportunity existed in the food industry, having

few companies that dealt in this industry, Walmart had a perfect chance to create a system that
would change the world’s food industry.
Yue, L. Q., Rao, H., & Ingram, P. (2013). Information Spillovers from Protests against
Corporations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 58(4), 669-701.
doi:10.1177/0001839213511243
This journal provides an insight into the development of corporations in the United States and
some parts of Europe. According to the authors of this journal, corporations have at times been
blamed for using their economies of scale in undermining the growth of small businesses.
Generally, large corporations often have financial economies that enable them to have the upper
hand in bargaining for large discounts that enable them to grow and expand.

References
Carden, A., Courtemanche, C., & Meiners, J. (2009). Wal-Mart and Values: Painting the Town
Red? SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.996164
Deru, M. P. (2010). Walmart Experimental Store Performance Stories: Preprint.
Feb 12, D. P. • C. N. • P., February 12, 2015 5:00 AM ET | Last Updated:, & 2015. (2015,
February 12). Walmart is a threat that Target never was: Don Pittis | CBC News.
Retrieved February 26, 2019, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/why-walmart-hit-
the-bull-s-eye-target-missed-don-pittis-1.2953861
Heller, L. (2015, January 23). Why Walmart Is Winning In Canada. Retrieved February 26,
2019, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/lauraheller/2015/01/23/why-walmart-is-
winning-in-canada/#191adb5d227b
McMillan, T. (2012). The American Way of Eating: Undercover at Walmart, Applebee's, Farm
Fields and the Dinner Table. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Yue, L. Q., Rao, H., & Ingram, P. (2013). Information Spillovers from Protests against
Corporations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 58(4), 669-701.
doi:10.1177/0001839213511243