Analysis of Dietary Walnut's Impact on Breast Cancer Gene Expression

This report analyzes a pilot clinical trial investigating the effects of dietary walnut on gene expression in breast cancer patients. The study, conducted by Hardman et al., examined how dietary walnut consumption alters gene expression related to tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. The report assesses the strength of association, consistency, specificity, temporal sequence, biological gradient, and plausibility of the findings. The research indicates that dietary walnut intervention can reduce the risks of the outcome. The study also notes the biological roles of genes like Caspase, cyclin A and E, and E2f in breast carcinogenesis and the anticipated downregulation of the receptor estrogen, reduced ERK, and increased P38/MAPK. The study concludes that dietary walnut significantly changes the number of times the outcomes are observable. The report references key publications by Hardman and colleagues, providing a comprehensive overview of the research and its implications for breast cancer treatment and prevention.

Running head: EPIDE 1
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Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

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Article- Dietary Walnut altered gene expression related to tumor growth, survival, and metastasis
in breast cancer patients: a pilot clinical trial.
Hardman, Primerano, Legenza, Morgan, Fan & Denvir (2019).
Strength of association- there is a stronger association of the dietary walnut between the dietary
factor and the outcomes of the same. Therefore, the relationship is casual.
Consistency- There is consistency in the study; there are other several studies that have
confirmed a similar finding that dietary walnut has a significance impact on the positive
outcomes of patients having the above-mentioned conditions (Hardman, Primerano, Legenza,
Morgan, Fan & Denvir, 2019).
Specificity- there is no direct association between the exposure and the outcome instead, the
exposure should under different stages to bring about the outcome observable among the
patients.
Temporal sequence- the dietary walnut intervention was introduced after the disease had
occurred among the patients. Various health assessments were conducted to determine the
reduction of risk from the conditions in terms of reduction in the intensity of signs and symptoms
of the cancer.
Biological gradient- there was noticeable reduction of the risks of the outcome upon various
levels of exposure of the dietary walnut across all the participants.
Biological plausibility- Genes are essential in cell to cell interaction and signaling, growth of
cells and proliferation, and movement of cells. Caspase, cyclin A and E and E2f are involved in
breast carcinogenesis.

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Coherence- the results agree with the current knowledge of the biology of the disease. Involved
in cancer of the breast are the anticipated downregulation of the receptor estrogen, reduced ERK,
and increased P38/MAPK.
Experiment- removal of dietary walnut significantly changes the number of times the outcomes
are observable.

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References
Hardman, W. E., Primerano, D. A., Legenza, M. T., Morgan, J., Fan, J., & Denvir, J. (2019).
mRNA expression data in breast cancers before and after consumption of walnut by
women. Data in brief, 25, 104050.
Hardman, W. E., Primerano, D. A., Legenza, M. T., Morgan, J., Fan, J., & Denvir, J. (2019).
Dietary walnut altered gene expressions related to tumor growth, survival, and
metastasis in breast cancer patients: a pilot clinical trial. Nutrition Research, 66, 82-94.