Cybersecurity Report: WannaCry Ransomware

This report details the WannaCry ransomware attack, described as the "biggest ransomware outbreak in history." It affected nearly 100 countries, targeting hospitals, companies, and government agencies. The attack exploited vulnerabilities in older Microsoft Windows versions, spreading rapidly through exposed systems. Ransom demands ranged from $300 to $600 in Bitcoin. The malware, possibly originating from leaked NSA tools, encrypted data, disrupting services globally. The report highlights the impact on various sectors, including healthcare, with hospitals forced to turn away patients due to system failures. It also discusses the global response, including investigations by various national cyber security centers and collaborative efforts to combat the threat. The report underscores the vulnerability of organizations using outdated software and the increasing threat of cyberattacks.

'Biggest ransomware outbreak in history' hits nearly 100
countries with data held for ransom
Updated 13 May 2017, 6:47pm
Dozens of countries have been hit with a huge cyber extortion attack that locked computers
and held users' files for ransom at a multitude of hospitals, companies and government
agencies.
How did the attack occur?
 Attack appeared to be caused by a self-replicating piece of software that takes
advantage of vulnerabilities in older versions of Microsoft Windows, security experts
say
 It spreads from computer to computer as it finds exposed targets.
 Ransom demands start at $US300 and increase after two hours, a security researcher
at Kaspersky Lab says
 Security holes were disclosed several weeks ago by TheShadowBrokers, a mysterious
group that has repeatedly published what it says are hacking tools used by the NSA
 Shortly after that disclosure, Microsoft announced it had already issued software
"patches" for those holes
 But many companies and individuals have not installed the fixes yet or are using older
versions of Windows that the company no longer supports and for which no patch was
available
The most disruptive attacks were reported in Britain, where hospitals and clinics were forced
to turn away patients after losing access to computers, but other countries — including Spain,
Portugal and Russia — have also been targeted.
Cyber extortionists tricked victims into opening malicious malware attachments to spam
emails that appeared to contain invoices, job offers, security warnings and other legitimate
files.
The ransomware encrypted data on the computers, demanding payments of $300 to $600 to
restore access. Security researchers said they observed some victims paying via the digital
currency bitcoin, though they did not know what per cent had given in to the extortionists.
Mikko Hypponen, chief research officer at Helsinki-based cybersecurity company F-Secure,
called it "the biggest ransomware outbreak in history".
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The malicious software behind the onslaught appeared to exploit a vulnerability in Microsoft
Windows that was supposedly identified by the National Security Agency for its own
intelligence-gathering purposes and was later leaked to the internet.
Researchers with security software maker Avast said they had observed 57,000 infections in
99 countries with Russia, Ukraine and Taiwan the top targets.
Chris Wysopal of the software security firm Veracode said criminal organisations were
probably behind the attack, given how quickly the malware spread.
"For so many organisations in the same day to be hit, this is unprecedented," Mr Wysopal
said.
But Alan Woodward, visiting professor of computing at the University of Surrey, said he did
not believe it was a targeted attack.
"But will simply have been that the ransomware has sought out those organisations that are
running susceptible devices," Mr Woodward said.
The US Department of Homeland Security said late on Friday (local time) that it was aware
of reports of the ransomware, was sharing information with domestic and foreign partners
and was ready to lend technical support.
The Group of Seven (G7) rich nations, which are holding a two-day meeting of finance
ministers and central bankers in Italy, released a draft statement committing to join forces to
fight the rising threat of cyber attacks.
"We recognise that cyber incidents represent a growing threat for our economies and that
appropriate economy-wide policy responses are needed," the draft statement said.
It called for common shared practices to spot quickly any vulnerabilities in the world's
financial system and stressed the importance of effective measures to assess cyber security
among individual financial firms and at sector level.
Patients turned away as hospitals hit with ransomware
Private security firms identified the ransomware as a new variant of "WannaCry" that had the
ability to automatically spread across large networks by exploiting a known bug in
Microsoft's Windows operating system.
The hackers, who have not come forward to claim responsibility or otherwise been identified,
likely made it a "worm," or self-spreading malware, by exploiting a piece of NSA code
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known as "Eternal Blue" that was released last month by a group known as the Shadow
Brokers, researchers with several private cyber security firms said.
Microsoft said it was pushing out automatic Windows updates to defend clients from
WannaCry. It issued a patch on March 14.
The attack froze computers at hospitals across Britain, shutting down wards, closing
emergency rooms and bringing medical treatments to a halt.
NHS Digital, which oversees hospital cybersecurity, said the attack was affecting
organisations from across a range of sectors.
Many hospitals cancelled all routine procedures and warned patients not to come to hospital
unless it was an emergency. Some chemotherapy patients were even sent home because their
records could not be accessed.
Several facilities in Scotland also reported being hit. Doctors' practices and pharmacies
reported similar problems.
Russia appeared to be the hardest hit, according to security experts, with the country's Interior
Ministry confirming it was struck.
The interior ministry said on its website that around 1,000 computers had been infected but it
had localised the virus.
In addition to Russia, the biggest targets appeared to be Ukraine and India, nations where it is
common to find older, unpatched versions of Windows in use, according to security firm
Kaspersky Lab's count.
A spokesman for Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said there had been no confirmed reports
of an impact on Australian organisations at this stage.
He said the Federal Government was closely monitoring the situation.
"The Prime Minister's Cyber Security Special Adviser is working with the Australian Cyber
Security Centre and health agencies in Australia to determine any impact to Australia," he
said.
In Spain, some big firms took pre-emptive steps to thwart ransomware attacks following a
warning from Spain's National Cryptology Centre of "a massive ransomware attack".
Iberdrola and Gas Natural, along with Vodafone's unit in Spain, asked staff to turn off
computers or cut off internet access in case they had been compromised, representatives from
the firms said.
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Cyber crime: Why you should care
All individuals and organisations connected to the internet are vulnerable to cyber attack –
and the threat is growing.
British cyber centre says it is investigating attack
Leading international shipper FedEx Corp said it was one of the companies whose system
was infected with the malware that security firms said was delivered via spam emails.
"Like many other companies, FedEx is experiencing interference with some of our Windows-
based systems caused by malware," the company said in a statement.
Only a small number of US-headquartered organisations were infected because the hackers
appear to have begun the campaign by targeting organisations in Europe, a research manager
with security software maker Symantec said.
By the time they turned their attention to US organisations, spam filters had identified the
new threat and flagged the ransomware-laden emails as malicious, Vikram Thakur said.
Telecommunications company Telefonica was among many targets in Spain, though it said
the attack was limited to some computers on an internal network and had not affected clients
or services.
Portugal Telecom and Telefonica Argentina both said they were also targeted.
Britain's National Cyber Security Centre, part of the GCHQ electronic intelligence agency,
said it was working with police and the health system to investigate the attack.
British government officials and intelligence chiefs have repeatedly highlighted the threat to
critical infrastructure and the economy from cyberattacks, with the National Cyber Security
Centre reporting it had detected 188 "high-level" attacks in just three months.
Cyber security incidents increasing
The nation's top spy agencies warn that the number of cyber security threats facing Australia
is growing by the day.
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