Comprehensive Review of Wastewater Treatments and Technologies

This report provides a comprehensive review of wastewater treatments and technologies, focusing on the impact of pollutants from various sources, including industrial processes, households, and agriculture. It examines conventional wastewater treatment methods like chemical coagulation and activated sludge, as well as the growing acceptance of aerobic wastewater treatment due to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency. The paper analyzes global wastewater trends, including biochemical oxygen demand and the effects of urbanization and industrial activities on water resources. It also highlights the importance of sustainable growth and development in wastewater management, emphasizing the need for both governmental and individual initiatives to address the challenges associated with wastewater treatment and water management. The report references various studies and reports to support its findings, including Frost and Sullivan's 2017 report on the wastewater and industrial water market.

Running head: WASTEWATER TREATMENTS AND TECHNOLOGIES REVIEWS 1
Wastewater Treatments and Technologies Reviews
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Abstract
In recent days, it is noted that the water resources
have been prone to the pollutant sources. These
pollutants sources mainly termed as the
anthropogenic and they tend to include industrial
process, households as well as the agricultural
wastes. Moreover, the public has been affected by
the norm and tend to form the essential grounds for
the appraisal of the environmental impacts in line
with wastewater pollution. Conventional wastewater
treatment method is regarded as one of the
fundamental techniques often applied in treating the
wastewater. The method mainly involves chemical
coagulation, activated sludge as well as adsorption
process. Although, the process mainly regarded to
have the significant importance it still has some
limitations more so in line with the overall operation
costs. On the other hand, there is the application of
the aerobic wastewater treatment approach, and the
concept continues to receive numerous acceptances
grounded on it minimal costs regarding the
operations as well as the maintenance costs.
Furthermore, aerobic wastewater treatment mainly
regarded by many people because the raw ingredients
are easy to obtain, have good effectiveness as well as
their overall degradation ability in line with the
contaminants recommended. Thus, this paper aims to
appraise the wastewater treatment as well as the
technologies in line with the removal of the
wastewater contaminants. Some of the pollutants
which the study focuses on include the hydrocarbons
compounds, dyes, heavy metals, pesticides as well as
herbicides. The elements under the discussions often
regarded as the paramount and essential contributors
to the wastewater pollutions.
Introduction
Human activities mainly require the supply of clear
water is free from any significant pollutants such as
the heavy metals. Human activities not only need this
water for their establishments but also their overall
diverse maintenance. Furthermore, it is evidential
that water resources are the essential ingredient
which offers valuable food provisions via agriculture
irrigation production as well as the support of aquatic
life [1].
Wastewater Trends in the

WASTEWATER TREATMENTS AND TECHNOLOGIES REVIEWS 2
World
The trends in line with the wastewater across the
world mainly summarized as indicated in the
illustration below. The forecast analysis principally
recorded between 2010 to 2015 and have immense
advantages in the total market segmentation [2].
Figure Illustrating the Wastewater Forecasts in line
with the World Trends [3]
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
It is defined as the oveall amount of the makeable
oxygen required for the breaking down of the
existing organic materials prevailing in the
wastewater. The oxygen present in the sample often
aids the processes of the biological organisms by
assisting them in the overall procedures of breaking
down the complex compounds into simple ones.
However, the overall process must be maintained at a
certain temperature and has to last for a makeable
period. Notable, the expression of the biological
oxygen demand is regarding the oxygen consumed
milligrams per sample liters incubated for 5 days.
The analysis regarding the biochemical oxgyen
demand mainly illustrated as indicated in the
illustration below [4].
Figure Showing the Biochemical Oxygen Demand
for Wastewaters [4]
However, it is noted that there is high number of the
liquids as well as the overall wastes which are
produced by the different industries and human
settlements. These tend to affect the world in one
way or the other in as far as the water sources are
concerned. Thus, the analysis regarding the pollution
and the human activities as well as settlement mainly

WASTEWATER TREATMENTS AND TECHNOLOGIES REVIEWS 3
elaborated as per the study indicated in the figure
below
Figure showing the elaborations on the human
settlements and the industrial activities in line with
the wastewater [5]
Subsequent, it is noted that the human populations
continue to grow and thus, water depletion continues
to occur on day-to-day. The analysis has indicated
that water is profiled as one of the scarcest resources
as far as the reports of the 21st century are concerned
[6]. The investigation by the United Nations on
environment reported that at least 5 billion people are
living in the urban environment in line with the
threshold set for 2015. In essence, there a number of
megacities which have emerged and this number
mainly recorded at 23 and the population for each
town often depicted at 10 million. Notably, out of
the 23 cities, at least 18 municipalities mainly
appraised to exist in the developing countries.
However, the integration of the central phenomena
into the urbanization primarily regarded to have
makeable disadvantages in handling the water sector
as well as municipal services [7]. In essence, the
provision of clear and fresh water is considered to be
the essential and fundamental constraint which
affects the integration phenomena. Also, the overall
sanitation is undisputable elements and cannot be
underestimated in line with the overall examination
and appraisal approach. Furthermore, different
sectors are prone to the effects of water shortages [8].
World Trends
Different countries across the world have continued
to record different levels as well as trends in line with
the wastewater and the industrial water. Some of the
countries which the trends often affect include the
United States of America, China as well as Mexico
among other related countries across the world. The
focus has, therefore, be conclusion shifted towards
have sustainable growth and development regarding
the norm.
Conclusion
According to the 2017 report by Frost and Sullivan,
the current value for the wastewater and the industrial
water mainly estimated at 5.7%. Also, there have
been trends which have grown over a couple of years
globally. In essence, the value trends for the
dissipations and the overall prices value estimated at
$5.34 billion. However, there is a likelihood of the

WASTEWATER TREATMENTS AND TECHNOLOGIES REVIEWS 4
value growing between 2018 -2023 but at least
9.00%. The analysis of the trends mainly posed via
the utilization of the municipal markets. Some of the
key trends and the drivers which necessitate the
overall wastewater treatment processes include water
stress and environmental awareness. Preferably, the
challenges and threats associated with the wastewater
worldwide are immense, and thus, it is viable that
both the native individuals and the government take
the initiative in tackling the wastewater treatment
processes and the overall water management.

WASTEWATER TREATMENTS AND TECHNOLOGIES REVIEWS 5
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