Reducing Water Demand: A Comparison of Urban Strategies & Challenges

This report examines strategies for reducing urban water demand and managing combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharge. It compares three alternative approaches used by cities to reduce water demand, highlighting the challenges faced. The report also explores three different approaches to reducing CSO discharge, including combined sewer systems, separate systems, and alternative systems. The discussion covers techniques like rainwater harvesting and the use of new technologies for water conservation. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of water conservation for environmental protection and sustainable water management.

ASSESMENT QUESTIONS
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Question 1........................................................................................................................................3
Compare three alternative approach that has been used by cities taken over reduce water
demand with challenges faced by them......................................................................................3
Question 2........................................................................................................................................5
Using case study three different approached requires to be explained for reducing CSO
discharge ....................................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
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INTRODUCTION
Water is one of the most important source which has been used in order to make various
kinds of problems solved more effectively. In modern world various kinds of problems are rising
due to water impurity. It has leads upon solving problems that is related to water. In these
questions various kinds of techniques and challenges are discussed more effectively. Also there
are two questions based over environmental protection of water. The comes second question
which has been discussed over solving problems related to sewage issues which is taking place
within society. Also sewage problems mentioned effectively.
Question 1
Compare three alternative approach that has been used by cities taken over reduce water demand
with challenges faced by them.
Water conservation is based over policies, strategies and activities helping in making
sustainable management achieved in relation to natural resources like fresh water, to protect the
hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand of water. It is used to meet all
kinds of water demand(Schwartz and et. al., 2021). This is an important technique which is used
in order to restore water from various sources by keeping in mind future demand of people living
within particular country. Also it has been used in order to make development done with more
effective perspective of water bodies within country like UK. This is important perspective
making environment managed more effectively. The environmental concern with industrial
operations helping upon managing operations by reducing pollution and requires to be taken into
consideration. This is an important part which makes various kinds of issues solved more
effectively. Also water conservation helps upon making sure that water is saved for future
generation which makes water scarcity reduced. There are certain challenges which are used for
water conversation and they are explained as follows:
Protection of Water from Pollution
If the total fresh water available upon earth remains pollution free then it is sufficient to
meet the drinking water needs of existing population of world. Since it is polluted the fresh water
is not fit for drinking that helps upon increasing economic activities and urbanization and
Oceanic water in the form of ecological system of seas is an important environmental system, but
during the last century pollution has spread in large proportions. Thus it is very important to
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protect water from any kinds of pollution though steps has been taken by government for
cleaning water but they are nit affecting water pollution rate. This makes waters not fit for
drinking.
Redistribution of Water:
Water found on the surface of the earth is not equally distributed. Existing form of
distribution also becomes a reason for the water crisis. In the African continent, though there is
maximum hydro electric production because of excess availability of water in Mediterranean
regions, but the Sahara desert situated in the north of Africa and the greatest desert of the world,
suffers from water crisis for the whole year(Tang, Repetti and Raab, 2019). This makes water
distribution management developed which makes water distributed more effectively to those
places where water is less and situations like draught exists on large scale.
Industrial waste
This is biggest challenge that has been faced by modern people which leads over making
water to be filled with various chemicals not fit for drinking. It has been increasing on large scale
within various countries. It makes water hard which causes skin diseases and skin cancer also.
Further, it is responsible for increasing water scarcity within various places causing death of
people.
Techniques to be used for dealing with the problem has been discussed as follows:
Rainwater harvesting
This is one of the most effective method that has been used for conserving natural water
and makes ground water level increased more effectively. The method of conservation of water
is very simple and can be applied effectively within homes. Through such method ground water
table increases.
Using new technology
Water is one of the most important part of human life which makes living of human
possible. In this new technology that has been used for controlling water supply helps in saving
water at low level. These technology used within home and districts for controlling water supply.
These are the ways which has been used in order to make water to be secured more
effectively. It has been making water level increased and clean water supplied more effectively.
Also water supply is done in more effective way. Also the techniques has helped UK to maintain
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water quality within the country. Though improvement is required within water management as
the old techniques are nit useful under any circumstances. The conversation of water is important
as it provides clean water helping in protecting environment and increasing its vulnerability.
Water conservation makes supply of water done in more effective way. This makes pollution
removed within water.
Question 2
Using case study three different approached requires to be explained for reducing CSO discharge
Combined sewer system is that kind of system which is used for rainwater run, domestic
sewage, and industrial waste water into one pipe. The water is required to be used in order to
make collection of sewage water done more effectively. In this sewage water supply is treated
through plant by making it useful for drinking. This done and makes water secured more
effectively. This is one of the most common method over collecting water and treating it well by
removing any kind of bacteria within it. In relation to the mentioned case study Combined sewer
system is helpful in fulfilling water scarcity problem within UK. Also the system is helpful iin
making water supply to be done in all parts of UK.
Separate systems
New waste water collection facilities are designed as separate systems, carrying either
domestic sewage or storm sewage but not both. Storm sewers usually carry surface run off to a
point of disposal in a stream or river(Vives, Jacob and Payeras, 2018). Small detention basins
may be built as part of the system, storing storm water temporarily and reducing the magnitude
of the peak flow rate. Sanitary sewers, on the other hand, carry domestic waste water to a sewage
treatment plant. Pretreated industrial waste water may be allowed into municipal sanitary
sewerage systems, but storm water is excluded. This is used in order to make sure that waste
water and useful water is separated which makes clean water to be achieved more effectively.
Alternative system
This is one of the most effective system which has been used when the above two
methods cannot be achieved. These methods obtains less cost and used natural resources within
it. The system is used for making water pure in nature.
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Thus it can be analysed from the given case study that three main systems are used in
order to make COS water pure in nature. The technique is used for making water cleaner and
healthier to drink. The given case study is based over various kinds of perspectives which makes
problems of water solved more effectively. This makes certain elements and technology used for
making water more pure in nature. Thus the techniques mentioned above helps in solving
problems mire effectively. These approaches make problems related to water solved more
effectively making water to be supplied cleanly.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that water is an important part of earth and
is required to be saved at times. In order to save water various kinds of techniques are used
helping over making problem solved more effectively. In these questions techniques of water
harvesting is discussed.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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of transaction cost economics and organizational capability. Cornell Hospitality
Quarterly. 59(2). pp.112-124.
Cox, C., 2018. A simulation approach to hotel revenue management training. Journal of Revenue
and Pricing Management. 17(5). pp.356-364.
Doherty, T. and Fredey, C., 2020. Hotel Revenue Management: Forecasting and Budgeting.
Hospitality Revenue Management: Concepts and Practices. p.139.
Domingo-Carrillo, M.Á and et. al., 2017. Journal segmentation and competitive position based
on revenue management research publications. Journal of Revenue and Pricing
Management. 16(5). pp.466-482.
González-Serrano, L. and Talón-Ballestero, P., 2020. Revenue Management and E-Tourism: The
Past, Present and Future. Handbook of e-Tourism. pp.1-28.
Leung, X.Y., Wen, H. and Jiang, L., 2018. What do hospitality undergraduates learn in different
countries? An international comparison of curriculum. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure,
Sport & Tourism Education. 22. pp.31-41.
Nair, G.K., 2019. Dynamics of pricing and non-pricing strategies, revenue management
performance and competitive advantage in hotel industry. International journal of
hospitality management. 82. pp.287-297
Schwartz, Z and et. al., 2021. Enhancing the accuracy of revenue management system forecasts:
The impact of machine and human learning on the effectiveness of hotel occupancy
forecast combinations across multiple forecasting horizons. Tourism Economics. 27(2).
pp.273-291.
Tang, J., Repetti, T. and Raab, C., 2019. Perceived fairness of revenue management practices in
casual and fine-dining restaurants. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights
Vives, A., Jacob, M. and Payeras, M., 2018. Revenue management and price optimization
techniques in the hotel sector: A critical literature review. Tourism economics. 24(6).
pp.720-752.
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