Essay on Water Sanitation and Environmental Management in Australia

This essay delves into the critical issues of water sanitation and environmental management within the Australian context. It begins by defining sanitation and its importance, highlighting the impact of government policies and programs on water quality and public health. The essay examines constraints such as the high cost of sanitation and ineffective public awareness, while also exploring opportunities like water harvesting and home-based water treatment solutions. It emphasizes the role of environmental management in maintaining public health, including waste management strategies and the importance of clean water for both humans and animals. The essay also references the National Health Policy and its focus on addressing waterborne diseases, particularly among children. Finally, the essay concludes with a call for improved sanitation facilities and environmental management practices to ensure a healthy and safe society, supported by references to relevant research and reports.

ESSAY QUESTIONS

Table of Contents
2. Political economy.........................................................................................................................1
Introduction.................................................................................................................................1
Environment management..........................................................................................................2
Constraints...................................................................................................................................2
Opportunities...............................................................................................................................3
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................3
REFERACES...................................................................................................................................4

2. Political economy.
Introduction
The meaning of sanitation is the condition of health of humans due to drinking water
which is clean and also due to proper management of disposal of human waste and sewage.
Under the following study impact of sanitation and water management is studied with the
influence of the government (World Health Organization, 2019). The programs of the Australian
government are studied in detail. Management of the environment is also studied in detail in
which cleanliness of the environment is promoted. What are the constraints due to which
environmental degradation and health degradation is taking place are studied along with the
opportunities to address them.
Washing hands regularly, taking bath etc are also a integral part of sanitation. Water and
sanitation is a big issue in Australia due to which the locals are suffering a lot (Jagnoor. and
et.al., 2019). This is the root cause of the several diseases which are caused due to mosquitoes
and other suspicious specious. The waste of the water is being sent to the river in which the
people residing the river are affected due to this. Western Australian Government are
continuously trying to make the water safe by restricting the use of polluted water. As per the
article written in The Australian it is found that the death rate due to polluted water infection
increased by 2000 his month in Australia. There are various issues faced by water sanitation such
as no proper management of the dumping of waste. Steps were taken by the Australian
government such as designing programs for waste management in which recently the
government reduced the waste by 10% and also the waste is being reused in more effective and
efficient way (Kohlitz. and Willetts, 2019).
National Health policy 2018 was launched with the purpose of managing the waste where
there was proper management of air pollution, water pollution and soil erosion. The program
mainly focused on children who are dying form the waterborne diseases because such diseases
are easy to spread and affect the children (Aldiwari, Souter. and Beal, 2019). The targeted area of
the program was schools in which the government have to make sure that the children are served
with neat and clean water. UNICEF programs made continuous efforts for making neat and clean
toilets. Hygiene food also plays a major role in the growth and development of the children and it
is seen that the schools are not using neat and clean water and the same is causing several
harmful diseases to the children. Even the fast food maker are not using clean water and in order
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to save the cost the same water is being used again and again which is causing health issues
among the youngsters. The government is trying to improve the health of the children by giving
the students proper training of washing hands in which they are taught to wash hands with soap
at least for 20 seconds and then eat food, even after having the meal the students and every one
must wash hands in order to prevent oneself from any disease (Byrne, and Ho, 2019). Even
adults are not taking water sanitation seriously which is causing around 50000 people suffering
from malaria, around 40000 people suffering from schistosomiasis and also general diseases
such as viral diseases are also because of the lack of water sanitation. Typhoid as well as cholera
are also the examples of lack of water sanitation.
Environment management.
It is very mush necessary for everyone that the surrounding in which they are living must
be neat and clean because this will lead to prevention from any harm to health. As per the
National health policy the Australian government is making the environment clean by timely
Sweeping, Flushing as well as Scraping. Government is doing environment management by
investing in machinery which automatically clean the surface affected by air or water pollution.
Bacteria can enter a human body and damage the human body if clothes are not washed regularly
there are certain steps for washing clothes and making the body keep away from the diseases
(Pinto. and et.al., 2018). As per the national environmental protection council act 1994 it is must
for the companies to serve the food in packaged form and serve the water which is having the
mark which ensures the quality of the water and the bottle must also be sealed. The Act also
gives encouragement of reuse and recycle. Water plays a major role for the development and
growth of a human body, so for a human it is must have clean water. Not only human but also
fresh water is necessary for animals in order to produces better breed. The political economy of
sanitation completely depends upon the natural resources available, the amount of rain in that
area and how much the area is fertile. Some areas in Australia get water from two or three rivers,
some from one and some from none.
Constraints
There are various constraints such as high cost of the water sanitation from the low
income group. Ineffective work system of the public is also a major constraint in which the
public are not aware of the effect of sanitation (Russell. and Azzopardi, 2019). There are various
diseases which are affected due to sanitation such as hygiene problems, diarrhea, morbidity,
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parasitic infections etc. All these problems are dangerous to health and can even cause death of a
person. All these issues if not addressed properly then the same can result in sufferings of the
people. The problem of diseases can be corrected if the water is not spread on the street and also
water cooler are kept empty without storage of water. Storing of water must be covered and
storing of water must not be done at dirty or polluted area.
Opportunities
If the students are taught to wash hands in much creative way such as you tube video then
this can lead to reduction diarrhea by 35% (Pinto. and et.al., 2018). There is a great opportunity
for saving the water and encourage the use of water harvesting in which the water is stored
underground and the same is used for drinking and home usage after acquifering it. The
problems of water sanitation can be addressed by having home made remedy for the water which
includes solar disinfection and filters and flocculants. It is also recommended that the proper use
of chlorine must be done in the latrines and bathrooms because the same will help in killing the
bacteria which is harmful for health. Using the plastic bottle for the storage of the water in front
of the sun will lead to cheap and easy filtration of the water. The government of Australia must
do collaboration with other local institution and both of them must act towards forming effective
policies for water and waste management.
Conclusion
As per the study it is very important to manage the environment for the betterment of the
society. Proper satiation facilities must be available for the public which can provide them
healthy and safe environment. Water play a dominant role in the growth and development of
human body. There are various diseases which can cause due to intake of unhealthy water.
Government of Australia is taking various major steps in order to address various issues such as
gap of education among the children about water sanitation. Management of the environment is
also very necessary and the government is continuously trying to improve the surroundings.
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REFERACES
World Health Organization, 2019. Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene
2000-2017: special focus on inequalities.
Jagnoor, J. and et.al., 2019. The association between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)
conditions and drowning in Bangladesh. Journal of water and health. 17(1). pp.172-178.
Kohlitz, J. and Willetts, J., 2019. Not Built to Last: Improving Legal and Institutional
Arrangements for Community-Based Water and Sanitation Service Delivery in Indonesia.
Water Altern, 12, pp.285-303.
Aldiwari, S., Souter, R. and Beal, C.D., 2019. Barriers and opportunities for behavior change in
managing high water demand in water scarce Indigenous communities: an Australian
perspective. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development.
Byrne, J.J., Anda, M. and Ho, G.E., 2019. Water sustainable house: water auditing of 3 case
studies in Perth, Western Australia. Water Practice and Technology. 14(2). pp.435-443.
Pinto, F.S. and et.al., 2018. Contributing to water security through water tariffs: some guidelines
for implementation mechanisms. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for
Development. 8(4). pp.730-739.
Russell, F. and Azzopardi, P., 2019. WASH: a basic human right and essential intervention for
child health and development. The Lancet Global Health. 7(4). p.e417.
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