Impact of Coriolis effect on global weather patterns and flight paths

This report explores the Coriolis effect, its influence on global weather patterns, and its impact on flight paths. It explains how the Coriolis effect causes deflection in winds and affects the direction of atmospheric circulation. The report also details the role of Hadley cells and the impact of temperature gradients. It also analyses the effects of the Coriolis effect on wind patterns, including the trade winds. Moreover, the report also describes how the Coriolis effect affects the flight paths, and how the winds can change the travel time of flights. The report uses examples to illustrate these concepts and references relevant sources to support its conclusions.

Q1) Coriolis effect: In a circle revolving about centre points near the centre travels slower
than points away from the centre due to the lesser distance of rotation near the centre than
outer points. The same is the case with earth points near the equator have a lager radius then
points away from equator. Therefore, air near the equator travels at a faster rate than locations
away from it. This phenomenon is called the Coriolis effect. Air near the equator is pushed
towards the pole it means above the equator air travels from west to east direction
Effect of Coriolis effect on flight: Our flight is travelling from Bogota to Los Angeles
means travelling towards the east to west direction, therefore, the air stream is against the
direction of flight, therefore, it will take more time to travel. (Berger, 2017)
Q2) Equator receives more heat than poles; therefore hotter air rises from the equator and
travels towards poles. Due to the unequal distribution of land and ocean and the speed of
earth rotation, the whole earth is distributed into three cells, i.e., Polar, Hadley, and Ferrel
cells. Hadley cells are the largest cells near the equator. Effect of Hadley cells on equator is
as follows:
Effect on Amazon rain forest: Here, hot air is rising towards the atmosphere, an area of
low-pressure forms resulting in a decrease in temperature; therefore, this area receives more
rainfall.
Effect on Sahara desert: Here, cool air is descending towards earth, an area of high-
pressure forms resulting in an increase in temperature; therefore, lesser precipitation occurs in
this area.
Q3) As the air rises towards higher latitude from the equator at top of Hadley cells, Coriolis
force deflect the air and velocity of air increases as it moves away from the equator to the
axis earth rotation.
As we move from equator to pole the Coriolis force increases upto a maximum value at 30 to
45 degree in both northern and southern hemisphere in eastward direction.
Wind near the earth surface also gets deflected due to Coriolis force due to this the surface
flow of Hadley cells forms the continuous air flows towards the equator, which is known as
trade winds. It flows towards the west in both northern and southern hemispheres forming
trade winds in South-east direction in the southern hemisphere and trade winds in North-east
direction in the northern hemisphere. (Endersby, 2018)

Reference
Berger, A. (2017). Here's Why West-Bound Fights Always Take Significantly Longer.
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMN1f4dvpHI
Endersby, P. (2018). What is global circulation? | Part Three | The Coriolis effect & winds.
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDEcAxfSYaI.