JCU Web Design and Development: Mobile Usability Report, 2018

This report delves into the critical aspects of mobile usability within the context of web design and development. It begins by highlighting the significant growth of mobile phone and internet usage, emphasizing the importance of mobile commerce and the need for accessible and inclusive web applications. The report defines usability, focusing on how effectively and efficiently a platform meets user needs, including those of individuals with disabilities. It explores key usability issues such as device efficiency, web app layout, and the provision of clear information. Furthermore, the report examines the evaluation of web apps through reviews, manual assessments, and automated tests, and emphasizes the importance of accessibility design. It outlines the five core components of mobile usability: learnability, efficiency, memorability, error prevention, and user satisfaction. The report also discusses secondary usability demands, including legal and regulatory compliance and consumer trust. The concept of usable-inclusion is then introduced, emphasizing the need for diversity in mobile app usage, with a focus on accessibility for people with disabilities. The report highlights the advantages of inclusive web app design, such as improved quality of life and increased societal productivity, while also acknowledging the challenges of cultural diversity. In conclusion, the report underscores the vital role of usability in creating effective and inclusive web applications, essential for success in the mobile environment.

RUNNING HEAD: WEB DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
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Introduction
In the current 21st century, the use of mobile phones and access to the internet has
received a tremendous growth rate. This trend is because the modern world demands each
individual to access to the platform of digitization. Statistics have shown that three-quarters of
the world's population has access to a mobile phone, and also half of those with phones use
internet services (Chen, 2015). In the business world, mobile commerce has made the art of
communication a reality because numerous benefits have come about the use of cell-phones.
This move is made possible by the fact that phones are used anywhere. Again, they have a
relatively low cost of the expense, and the infrastructure related to mobile commerce is mainly
small.
For the use of mobile phones, there are fewer restrictions that are related. The restrictions
entail phones having no age limitations when it comes to the use and also the fact that phones are
made of wireless connection. Fewer restrictions in the use of phones have become a modest
paradigm for the majority of the citizens globally. Because of that, in this word document, a
significant focus will be to discuss the issues of mobile usability. Mobile usability translates to
how individuals have access to phones, how they use them, and the style in which mobiles
provide the virtue of inclusion (Hubert, 2006). Again, in the document, definitions will be made,
evaluation of the aspects of usability, analysis made on the inter-link between usability/inclusion,
and conclusion made.

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First, for the creation of a web that works perfectly for everyone, usability is a key
element to take note. The aspect primarily affects web-app development and inter-links to the
subject of inclusion too. The two points overlap over one another and that they are significantly
crucial for the excellent functionality and use of a mobile app (Hubert, 2006).
Mobile usability
Ideally, usability is all about how the platform works effectively and efficiently to satisfy
the needs of its consumers (Tsiaousis & Giaglis, 2014). Usability entails the experience design
in the manner in which the platform imparts the lives of everyone, including the disabled. In this
case, convenience to all users entails the inclusion of people with disabilities whereby they have
the capabilities to intermingle, understand, and navigate through the website and its tools.
Besides, they should have the platform to contribute to the website. In the modern world, newly
developed web-apps have allowed disabled people to do stuff in their way a privilege that other
platforms do not offer. This privilege is made possible by the fact that majority of the web-apps
are developed in usable manner.
Concerning usability, several issues relate to the concept. For usable web-apps, there are
guidelines provided by the World Wide Web to accommodate the development of standard web-
apps. Research has shown that the usability aspect of a web-based app from a mobile phone
perspective is the primary source of frustration for most of the users. So getting to understand
the usability aspect for the majority of the developers and designers is the essential part. For the
creation of a more compelling web-based app for mobile phones, there are several issues to note.

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The problems include device efficiency. It is a significant aspect of the creation of an excellent
web app. First, the interface should be well designed in a way it provides a 100% interaction
with the mobile device (Hasan, Ashraf, Ahmed, Hasan & Bhattacharjee, 2017). In cases where
there is the inclusion of cool features and numerous advertisements, the move makes the whole
system inconvenient to the user.
The web app layout and design are other essential features. They should be developed in
a manner that they are diverse and convenient to different users. There is the case of Web-app
home page failing to explain what it’s all about. For a well-designed web-app, right from the
start, the app’s home page should simply explain itself to the esteemed customer. This move will
aid the user to have knowledge of what to expect and how to interact with the platform. Again,
there is the challenge of lack of key information and having unanswered questions from the
platform. As it is for human nature, there are several questions that arise when an individual
interact with something new. So the website should provide platform whereby important and
common questions are answered (Hasan, Ashraf, Ahmed, Hasan & Bhattacharjee, 2017). Finally,
for exceptional cases, there should be guidelines provided.
The creation of excellent web content calls for benefiting a large group of audience. Web
contents are not unique by the number of individuals they attract but also the period in which
they remain relevant (Karkin & Janssen, 2014). Through the use of the excellent usable
applications, the less privileged are also allowed to access the web-apps and its contents. It is an
initiative that was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium. The usability initiate led
Web-based apps from a mobile phone to be outstanding. This nature can only be achieved if

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there is an evaluation of the platforms. The assessment provided the room for the realization of
mistakes and filling in of loopholes left. Evaluation is conducted using the following criteria,
reviews, manual, and automated assessments.
Accessibility design is an essential technique that web-app developers and researchers
use to create a usable web-app as claimed by Hubert, (2006). Well-designed web-apps lead to the
creation of platforms that guarantee the required standards. Also, for well-modified interfaces
across all individuals, the method and techniques of use are vital. People with disabilities are
taken into consideration by Involving developers who understand their basic needs, using
disability users and evaluators during the design process (Karkin & Janssen, 2014).
The mobile commerce defines usability using five key components. Learnability: It is the
mode in which an individual interacts and accomplishes the first few tasks after the encounter
with the mobile web app. In this case, the first encounter should enable the user to complete a
few jobs during the first attempt as he/she navigates through. In most cases, it is achieved by
tapping on something to discover something new. Efficiency: It's how quickly the person can
perform and complete his errands. The platforms should guarantee ease in task completion.
Mainly it’s the ease in task accomplishment. Memorability: How much an individual can recall
the whole experience of the system after using it for the first time. After the first experience with
the web app, the platform should offer an opportunity whereby one can recall the scheme. Again,
even after extended stay without use, one should have the capabilities to get right back to
operation rather than learning from scratch. Errors: They are the nature of failures the system has
and the number of errors the user makes. In general the whole system should ensure that there is

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minimal room for making errors. Besides, the nature of mistakes made should be minimal and
less hazardous to the user at all costs. To certify fewer errors, the developer should conduct tests
personally and call in other guys to evaluate it too. Satisfaction: This is the experience the web
app meets in satisfying the user's needs. The platform should guarantee that the user feels well
served and that the urge to experience more from the web app (Schnall, Cho & Liu, 2018).
Web-based apps from a mobile phone perspective have a duty to fulfill the following
secondary usability demands. First, it is the legal and regulatory subjects of the web-based app.
Majority of the state nations that have taken the mobile commerce seriously have several rules
and regulations that guide the mobile commerce. The rules and regulations guarantee that all the
contracting parties (users and developers) have a base of raising their arguments and that, there
are well-set guidelines to sort out disputes (Hujainah et al., 2016). Another secondary usability
demand is consumer trust. Trust is a vital aspect of attracting new customers and keeping of the
existing customers in mobile commerce. When talking of trust, it's all about the security
perspective created between the developers' web-based app and the web app user. Also,
consumer trust is more of a psychological matter rather than a technical issue. The majority of
the business entities attain their full potential by the mode in which they interact with consumers,
the privacy maintained between the two parties, and the conducive working environment
generated. Developers of web-based apps from a mobile phone will excel in consumer trust if,
they invest in increased capacity, convenience, and cost-saving strategies (Hujainah et al., 2016).
Mobile usability can be further be elaborated to as usable-inclusion. Usable-inclusion
translates to how a mobile app is diverse in nature in terms of usage (Einar, 2014). Diversity is

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all about taking in each individual as much as possible. There is a range of issues that are taken
into account when talking about usable diversity. They include: access by people with
disabilities, covers all economic situations, geographical locations, age, culture, and language.
However, in this study case, much focus will be upon the people with disabilities. The World
Health Organization has estimated that 15% of the world's population is made up of people with
disabilities. Because of the large number of disabled people, there was the formation of the UN’s
rights of persons with disability organization established in 2006. The organization's objective is
to recognize the grievances made by people with disabilities to ensure they are accepted in
modern society(Foley & Ferri, 2012).
The technological landscape of web apps plays a crucial role in realizing human equality
hence making it a tool for usable inclusivity. Social justice is well recognized through the use of
Information and communication technology devices such as phones, the internet, and computers.
Mobile phones being the primary focus, the utilization of the web-apps should be a tool of
empowering the disabled. Time has gone, whereby the usage of feature that support the disabled
were quite expensive to incorporate in apps. Currently, tremendous efforts have been put in place
to certify the development of advanced software features. For example, web apps have text to
speech features for the dumb, contrast/color change and magnification for blind to enhance their
vision (Einar, 2014). Also, there are features such as multiple formats, gesture inputs, and voice
recognition.
The usable-inclusion of people with disabilities in the development and use of web-based
apps from mobile phones has tremendous advantages. Some of the benefits consist of improved

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life-being, feel of sense of belonging, increased society productivity, and increased government
revenue (Afonkina, 2016). The disability framework set by the European department demands
that the disabled are inclusive of society. Developers of the web-based apps should warrant the
following in their apps to cater to the disabled. They should have the ability to realize their
dreams when using web apps. They also have the capabilities to contribute to society, relive
themselves from poverty, and realize their potential and full rights (Einar, 2014). Finally, for the
usable-inclusion of persons with disabilities to be a success, the virtue of public awareness
should be encouraged. This move will be achieved by stakeholders creating enough capacity
without barriers for the general human population.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the usability topic of web-apps for the disabled is a crucial aspect of
humanity. The concept is made possible by the fact that the disabled population is on the rise and
that there are tremendous benefits of making web-apps usable by all. From the analysis
conducted, it is evident that the aspects usability is interlinked to the issue of inclusion. However,
cultural diversity is a significant challenge for web-app developers to meet the required
guidelines and standards. In a nutshell, embracing the aspects of diverse usability is the key to
success for a given web-based app from a mobile phone.

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