Web Technologies Report: Literature Review and Analysis

This report provides a detailed overview of web technologies, encompassing a comprehensive literature review. It begins with an introduction to web technologies, explaining their significance and evolution from the 1980s to the present day. The report then delves into the importance of web technologies, highlighting their role in modern communication and information sharing. A significant portion of the report is dedicated to a literature review, discussing various aspects of web technologies, including browsers, HTML, CSS, programming languages, frameworks, libraries, databases, APIs, and cloud computing. The report analyzes the benefits of using new web technologies, providing a critical analysis based on journal articles. The report concludes with a summary of the key findings and insights gained from the review, emphasizing the continuous development and advancements in web technologies and their impact on various aspects of life.

Running head: WEB TECHNOLOGIES
Web Technologies
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction and Background......................................................................................................2
1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................2
1.2 Background............................................................................................................................2
2. Literature review..........................................................................................................................3
2.1 Importance of web technologies............................................................................................3
2.2 Different types of web technologies......................................................................................4
2.3 Benefits of using a new web technology...............................................................................9
2.4 Critical analysis on the basis of journal articles..................................................................10
3. Conclusion................................................................................................................................13
References......................................................................................................................................15

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1. Introduction and Background
1.1 Introduction
The paper mainly reflects on web technologies which generally refers to the means with
the help of which the computers generally communicate with each other by utilizing proper
mark-up language as well as multimedia packages. According to Vitolo et al. (2015), web
technologies is considered as one of the ways of interaction with the hosted information like
websites and it further involves proper utilization of hypertext mark-up language and CSS. It is
found that in this paper, a number of articles as well as journal research papers are reviewed for
gathering information about the significance of web technologies.
1.2 Background
According to Abacha and Zweigenbaum (2015), web technologies was introduced in the
year 1980 and then it was mainly utilized by only few number of users for sharing information in
context to academic work however, today social media has become of the common platform in
our daily life and therefore people over the entire world uses web technologies. In the year 1990,
Tim introduced WWW and then wrote an appropriate software that is used for both browser as
well as server with the help of HTML. It is found that the browser was mainly developed for
interpreting as well as composing different types of content and for displaying it on the web
pages. It is stated by Wilkinson et al. (2017) that the tags are then used on the back end of the
pages which are further processed with the help of browser and the content generally displayed
on the computer. Moreover, after then, a number of new tags are developed and it is mainly
related with the proper introduction of various types of browsers which could further interpret as
well as display different types of pictures as well as content in a proper way with appropriate
visual effects during 1990’s.

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It is opined by Chalkidis et al. (2017) that Tim Berners generally developed web browser
within the year 1990 after which there are a number of browsers was generally developed and it
is then considered as the start of the internet revolution. In the year 1993, there were a number of
improved browsers which are introduced that helps in reflecting the graphical content which for
the initial time in web technology is generally named as Netscape. Moreover, Microsoft
generally introduced Internet related explorer and it further took over the entire market and it
further becomes of the most popular browser till today (Ostrowski et al. 2016). Furthermore, at
the starting of 2000’s a number of advanced browsers generally gets properly linked with the
Google Chrome, Safari, Firefox as well as opera. Moreover, it is found that proper advancement
within the website design as well as developed based search engines are generally introduced.
According to Sarker et al. (2017), during the start of the internet era, it is found that the
speed at which the request from various web pages are generally processed as well as retrieved
such that it can be effectively hosted space that is further offered for proper website content on
the entire server were it is limited. With the proper growth of internet, the entire website
technology generally started for spreading its roots into most of the business which generally
created the requirements for higher processing speed of the web servers (Sabou, Ekaputra and
Biffl 2017). It is analyzed that the combined development within server technology, website
design as well as web browser is further helpful in the huge growth of web technology.
2. Literature review
2.1 Importance of web technologies
According to Infante-Moro et al. (2015), web technologies generally refers to the means
with the help of which the computers generally communicate with one another by using either
mark-up language or with the help of multimedia packages. It further helps in providing a proper

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way for interacting the information that is hosted like websites. It is found that some of the web
technologies may be quite complicated but without the use of it, a website cannot be created
properly with proper features and effective UI. Some of the important examples of web
technologies generally includes HTML, XML, CSS as well as HTTP (Bouras, Papazois and
Stasinos 2015). In addition to this, different types of programming languages, databases, web
servers as well as business applications are also considered as one of the parts of wen
technologies. There are a number of benefits of using web technologies and it further helps in
making easier to properly update the entire content from anywhere.
In addition to this, it stated by Cavalieri, Salafia and Scroppo (2019) that with the help of
web technologies, one can be able to properly improve the web website with the help of SEO
and it further helps in reducing cost as well as time that is mainly needed for building the site and
thus it is considered as a means for lowering the total cost of website development. Moreover,
web technologies are utilized by different people however nowadays, teachers generally rely on
it for keeping their entire lesson plans and for teaching the lessons by using web technology (Di
Iorio and Rossi 2018).
2.2 Different types of web technologies
Browsers, HTML and CSS
According to Chalkidis et al. (2017), browsers are defined as the interpreters of the web
that generally request different types of information and when such types of information are
received, they generally help in reflecting it in the same page and in the same format so that it
can be easily understood. It is analyzed that Google Chrome is one of the most popular browsers
that is generally brought by the Google (Ostrowski et al. 2016). It is found that one of the most
important qualities of the browsers that they generally help in loading web pages quite quickly

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regarding of how dynamic the entire content is. Furthermore, it must be properly able to load
different types of graphic images as well as videos that does not generally wait for minutes while
the entire page downloads successfully.
It is stated by Sarker et al. (2017) that HTML is one of the mark-up languages that helps
in providing proper structure to the website such that the web browser generally knows what to
reflect. It is found that HTML is generally assisted with different programming languages
including CSS as well as JavaScript for properly displaying the documents successfully on the
web browser. It is considered as one of the easiest programming languages which can be found
to be useful in properly creating web pages as well as designing the entire website with the help
of both front end as well as back end layer (Sabou, Ekaputra and Biffl 2017). There are generally
three main types of tags within HTML and they are mainly opening tag, closing tag as well as
content tag.
It is opined by Chalkidis et al. (2017) that CSS is one of the Cascading styles of sheet
that generally let the web designers to properly change the fonts, animations, colours as well as
transitions on the web quite effectively. They generally help in making the web look quite good.
Moreover, it is found that CSS is quite important as it generally helps in allowing the web
designers, bloggers as well as developers to make the entire website quite unique as well as
attractive. Furthermore, CSS helps in providing proper opportunity for playing with the entire
page layout, fonts as well as for adjusting colours quite effectively.
Programming languages and framework
According to Ostrowski et al. (2016) programming languages is considered as a formal
language that mainly comprises of a number of instructions which generally helps in producing

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different types of output and are further used for communicating with the computers. It is found
that there are a number of programming languages including javacript, python, PHP, Swift as
well as Java. It is stated by Abacha and Zweigenbaum (2015) that Javacript are mainly utilized
by all the web browsers, meteor as well as different types of other frameworks whereas Python is
mainly utilized by the Django framework that are mainly used for proper mathematical
calculations quite effectively.
It is opined by Wilkinson et al. (2017) that frameworks are generally built for making
buildings as well as for working with different types of programming languages quite easier and
they generally take all the difficult as well as repetitive tasks properly in setting up new web
application. The framework is considered to be quite popular among a proper section of the
developers for properly creating proper high performance as well as strong web apps.
Furthermore, the framework is particular used for creating proper JVM based systems as well as
applications that are very much portable, fast as well as flexible (Sabou, Ekaputra and Biffl
2017). It is found that there are different types of framework and that include Node.js, Ruby on
rails, iconic, WordPress as well as bootstrap.
Libraries, database and API
According to Bouras, Papazois and Stasinos (2015), libraries are generally considered as
the proper groupings of the code snippets for enabling a large number of functionalities and
generally helps in ensuring that the code that is used is efficient and it mainly works with
different browsers as well as devices quite effectively. The libraries that are mainly utilized
includes jQuery as well as Underscore.

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On the other hand, it is stated by Cavalieri et al. (2019) that database is generally the
storage where all the files are mainly kept and it is considered as one of the bunches of filing
cabinets with appropriate folders that are mainly filled with proper data as well as files. It is
found that the database mainly comes in two flavours that is SQL as well as NoSQL.
Furthermore, the SQL helps in providing more structure which further assists in making sure that
all the data are very much correct as well as validated. Moreover, NoSQL helps in providing
proper flexibility for building as well as for maintaining different types of applications quite
effectively.
It is opined by Di Iorio and Rossi (2018) that an API is one of the application-based
programming interfaces that is mainly developed with the help of a developer for allowing other
developers to utilize some of the important application related functionality without properly
sharing the codes. The developers generally expose different types of end points which are
generally considered as the input as well as output for the entire application. Furthermore, by
utilizing an API, one can be able to control the access with the help of API Keys.
Cloud computing
According to Rittinghouse and Ransome (2016), cloud computing is one of the
technologies that helps in improving the ICT related services including proper e-governance
based execution as well as creation of new types of business opportunities and their
implementation. It I s found that cloud computing is one of the evolutions of various web-based
applications that further helps in describing proper consumption as well as delivery of the model
for ICT based services that are mainly based on the entire global network (Botta et al. 2016).
This further helps in enabling proper allocation of the costs as well as resources across a very,
large number of users that further helps in providing proper on-demand based services with

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proper dynamic scalability. So, it is analyzed that it generally has the capability of offering
solutions.
It is stated by Ali, Khan and Vasilakos (2015) that cloud computing is defined as the
delivery of on-demand computing related services from different applications to various storage
as well as processing power over the internet. It is found that the services of cloud computing
generally help in covering a number of options starting from the basics of networking, storage as
well as processing power to artificial intelligence as well as natural language processing. It is
opined by Rittinghouse and Ransome (2016) that cloud computing is one of the web
technologies that helps in underpinning a number of services including consumer service like
Gmail as well as cloud backup that further allows the large enterprises to host all their data for
effectively running the entire applications on the cloud.
Internet of Things (IoT)
It is opined by Wortmann and Fluchter (2015) that the proper combination of cloud
computing as well as IoT generally helps in enabling new types of monitoring services as well as
powerful processing of different types of sensory data streams. It is found that IoT is one of the
web technology or a system that uses different types of interrelated computing devices as well as
digital machines which are provided with the help of proper unique identifiers and it generally
has appropriate ability of transferring the entire data over the network that generally requires
human to human as well as human to computer based interaction.
It is opined by Al-Fuqaha et al. (2015) that IoT cloud service generally helps in creating
proper communication with the inexpensive sensors that means proper connectivity. The IoT use
have taken a number of industries in the world under its control including agriculture, energy,

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healthcare, building management as well as transportation. IoT in cloud further helps in offering
proper cloud services that further helps in providing proper third-party related access within the
infrastructure and therefore the integration generally can help the IoT data for operating a
number of devices (Want, Schilit and Jenson 2015).
2.3 Benefits of using a new web technology
According to Vitolo et al. (2015), a new web technology helps in easily updating the
entire content from anywhere and at anytime and additionally with the help of the browsers, it
will be quite easy to properly access the different types of site contents. It is found that one can
be able to update new page, add new images, videos as well as other types new functionalities
quite easily by editing (Wilkinson et al. 2017). In addition to this, web technologies generally act
as one of the add-on functionalities that further helps in making the entire site much more
powerful and the add on functionality can be properly downloaded as well as installed directly
from the administrator’s page. Moreover, it is found that due to the underlying architecture of the
entire system as well as due to utilization of web technologies, it takes very much less time to
create a site and therefore further helps in reducing the cost that is mainly needed for website
development.
It is stated by Chalkidis et al. (2017) that new web technology act as one of the shape
shifters as it uses only one click in order to change the entire look of the site properly. It is found
that an individual is not able to get locked within the entire reprogramming-based expense in
order to have proper facility. Moreover, it is found that proper wide variety of themes are
generally available which can be used. In addition to this the web technologies generally helps in
increasing the portability of the websites and it is found that with the help of the websites, one
can be able to backup up the entire files which are generally set to the email and as result all the

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contents of the site will be available (Sarker et al. 2017). With the help of the file that is present,
one can be able to properly recreate the site quite successfully on any of the host effectively.
Furthermore, web technologies generally have proper open source-based architecture that allows
to control the entire software that is mainly utilized for properly building as well as running the
site quite effectively.
2.4 Critical analysis on the basis of journal articles
Article 1: Supporting Digital Healthcare Services Using Semantic Web Technologies
Limitations
It is found that after analyzing the paper, we have identified that a number of challenges
are mainly faced while using sematic web technologies while supporting the various health care
services. In this paper proper medical linked based data graph is developed that is further
integrated with the medical sources of data and even if the data sources are effectively
distributed, it is needed to have RDF format (Infante-Moro, Zavate and Infante-Moro 2015).
Another issue is mainly faced while managing as well as maintaining the LDG that generally
varies as well as updates new releases as well as data sources.
Strengths
The research paper that is mainly reviewed generally uses one of use case that is mainly
built in Babylon which is mainly known as the AI based chat box that can further be utilized for
properly determining the requirement of medical treatment which further follow proper
conservative treatments at home (Infante-Moro, Zavate and Infante-Moro 2015). It is analyzed
that for matching the use text with various AI models, NLP based knowledge related extraction
as well as logic related reasoning approach are also implemented for encouraging results.

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Article 2: Explaining Trained Neural Networks with Semantic Web Technologies
Strengths:
It is found that the increasing relevance of the available structured data on the world
wide web generally helps in enabling a new type of application in a number of domains and
therefore proper conceptual approach is provided. The framework helps in leveraging data for
properly explaining the input-output based behaviour that is mainly associated with artificial
neural networks (Sarker et al. 2017).
Limitations:
It is analyzed from the paper that the researcher faces a lot of challenges during laying
out the conceptual sketch that further reflects how the issue related with AI neural networks uses
Sematic Web background related technologies as well as knowledges (Sarker et al. 2017).It is
found that proper automatic model related with mapping network related with input features is
also reflected.
Article 3: Development of a Mathematical Model of Traffic Safety Management with
Account for Opportunities of Web Technologies
Strengths:
The paper generally reflects on the proper development of a mathematical based model
that reflects on traffic safety and further provides opportunities associated with Web
technologies. It is analyzed from the paper that web technologies generally possess a number of
opportunities for proper management of traffic (Burlov and Grachev 2017). In addition to a
decision maker form generally helps in ensuring proper TS in the form of proper decision model.

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Moreover, it is found that the TS system development is considered as the basis for the improved
model that helps in improving efficiency of the TS for providing guarantee about the objectives
that are achieved.
Limitations
It is found that while undertaking the research, it will become quite difficult for the
inexperienced researchers to understand the formulas of traffic safety indicator. It is analyzed
from the result that if the x vector characterizes issue appearance within the traffic safety
management then the Y characteristics generally identifies the entire situation by successfully
eliminating traffic safety management effectively (Burlov and Grachev 2017).
Article 4: “Using Semantic Web technologies in the development of data warehouses”
Strengths:
The paper mainly reflects on the proper utilization of semantic web technologies for the
proper development of data warehouse. It is analyzed that proper exploration as well as
utilization of web technologies generally attracted a number of attentions from various
researchers that examines proper development of data warehouse (Gacitua, Mazon and Cravero
2019). In this paper, the entire objective is mainly examined that take into account appropriate
utilization of sematic wen technologies in the DW arena.
Limitations
After researching the article, it is found that there is one of major technological gap that
further helps in inhibiting proper adoption of the semantic web technologies within the entire
business domain. Furthermore, the evidence is considered to be quite limited such that the results

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are quite applicable as well as transferable for the various industrial use (Gacitua, Mazon and
Cravero 2019).
Article 5: Semantic Web Technologies in Cloud Computing
Strengths:
According to Brabra et al. (2016), the paper mainly reflects on sematic web technologies
in cloud computing. It is found that during the last few years, there has been a dramatic increase
in the new cloud providers, services, applications as well as management related platforms that
generally reaches a proper level of complexity that further helps in implying the significance of
new type of solutions for dealing with security, portability as well as negotiation and description
of the cloud service.
Limitations:
It is found that as syntactic approaches have generally proven their limitations in order to
express different types of security policies. In addition to this, it is analyzed that the ontology
generally helps in defining the main security related concepts within the various policies for the
different cloud resources. It is analyzed that proper matchmaker engine that is mainly capable of
reasoning the customers as well as the providers security generally helps in deriving a match
level (Brabra et al. 2016).
3. Conclusion
It can be concluded from the entire paper that the use of web technologies generally plays
an important role in communicating with one other by utilizing either mark-up languages or with
the help of proper multimedia-based packages. It is found that the paper illustrates different types

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of web technologies including CSS, HTML, libraries, API, cloud computing as well as IoT. It is
analyzed that cloud computing is one of the web technologies that helps in underpinning a
number of services including consumer service like Gmail as well as cloud backup that further
allows the large enterprises to host all their data.
It is found that a number of advantages that are achieved by using a new web technology
are generally discussed. The web technologies are mainly helpful as one of the add one
functionalities which can be effectively downloaded from the administrator page and due to the
use of web technology related features, it is found that a website can be created in a very much
less time and in a very much cost effective way.
The concept of cloud computing as well as IoT as web technologies are also elaborated
properly in this paper. Moreover, the paper reviews a number of articles as well as journal papers
on web technologies and generally analyzes the advantages as well as limitations of each paper
in order to reflect the importance of web technologies.

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