Assignment 1: Web Services Presentation and Guidebook - GCS0706A

This report, created for a BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing, focuses on website design and development, specifically addressing web services. It begins with an explanation of DNS, including its purpose, types, and how domain names are organized and managed. The report then delves into communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems, and web server software, highlighting their relationships in designing, publishing, and accessing websites. Key protocols like HTTP, Telnet, FTP, and HTTPS are discussed, alongside server hardware components such as the motherboard and processor. The report further explores the capabilities of front-end and back-end website technologies, comparing online website creation tools with custom-built sites in terms of design flexibility, performance, functionality, and user experience. The assignment aims to equip readers with a solid understanding of the tools and techniques essential for building and managing websites effectively.

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Website Design & Development10:
Submission date Feb 26th, 2020 Date Received 1st submission
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission
Student Name Do Quan Chuan Student ID GCS190052
Class GCS0706A Assessor name Vo Thi Thanh Van
Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism.I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature Do Quan Chuan
Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 D1
ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:
Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:
Signature & Date:
ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number 10: Website Design & Development
Assignment title Web Services Presentation and Guidebook
Academic Year 2018 – 2019
Unit Tutor Vo Thi Thanh Van
Issue date Submission date 26/2/2020
IV name and date
Submission Format:
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Format: Two ten-minute Microsoft® PowerPoint® style presentations to be presented to your
colleagues
Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by
the Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on
http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/
Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you
must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference
properly, and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get failed Unit
Learning Outcomes:
LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing
websites.
LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites.
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
You work as a full-stack web team leader for a leading creative web solutions and marketing company.
Your team is about to have a big contract to develop an online shopping mall.
One of the preparation tasks is to choose appropriate tools and techniques to realise a custom built
website.
As part of your role, you have been asked to create an engaging presentation to help train junior staf
members on basic web technologies including hosting and website management as well as server
technologies. Your presentation should not only explain basic knowledge in the domain but also points
out the impact of these technologies to website design, functionality, management or performance.
You also need to present more technical presentation to senior staf members to discuss about front-end,
back-end technologies as well as other tools, techniques and softwares used to develop website from
simple (online website creation tools) to complicated (custom built). Your presentation will be used as
guidance of choosing suitable tools and techniques for the next project.
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Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria
Pass Merit Distinction
LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with
hosting and managing websites
LO1 & 2
D1 Justify the tools and techniques
chosen to realise a custom built
website.
P1 Identify the purpose and types of
DNS, including explanations on how
domain names are organised and
managed.
P2 Explain the purpose and
relationships between
communication protocols, server
hardware, operating systems and
web server software with regards to
designing, publishing and accessing a
website.
M1 Evaluate the impact of common
web development technologies and
frameworks with regards to
website design, functionality and
management.
M2 Review the influence of search
engines on website performance
and provide evidence-based
support for improving a site’s index
value and rank through search
engine optimisation.
LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop
websites
P3 Discuss the capabilities and
relationships between front-end and
back-end website technologies and
explain how these relate to
presentation and application layers.
P4 Discuss the diferences between
online website creation tools and
custom-built sites with regards to
design flexibility, performance,
functionality, User Experience (UX)
and User Interface (UI).
M3 Evaluate a range of tools and
techniques available to design and
develop a custom built website.
P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organized and managed.
Domain Name System – DNS
DNS is a protocol within the set of standards for how computers exchange data on the internet and
on many private networks, known as the TCP/IP protocol suite. Its purpose is vital, as it helps
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convert easy-to-understand domain names like "howstuffworks.com" into an Internet Protocol (IP)
address, such as 70.42.251.42 that computers use to identify each other on the network. It is, in
short, a system of matching names with numbers.
DNS is an essential part of the Internet. It manages to translate all the inquiries into IP addresses,
and like this, it can identify different devices that are connected to the network.
All DNS servers fall into one of four categories: Recursive resolvers, root nameservers, TLD nameservers,
and authoritative nameservers. In a typical DNS lookup (when there is no caching in play), these four DNS
servers work together in harmony to complete the task of delivering the IP address for a specified domain
to the client (the client is usually a stub resolver - a simple resolver built into an operating system).
Step 1: Request information.
Step 2: Ask the recursive DNS servers.
Step 3: Ask the root name servers.
Step 4: Ask the TLD name servers.
Step 5: Ask the authoritative DNS servers.
Step 6: Retrieve the record.
Step 7: Receive the answer.
There are three types of queries in the DNS system:
Recursive Query
In a recursive query, a DNS client provides a hostname, and the DNS Resolver “must” provide an answer—
it responds with either a relevant resource record, or an error message if it can't be found. The resolver
starts a recursive query process, starting from the DNS Root Server, until it finds the Authoritative Name
Server (for more on Authoritative Name Servers see DNS Server Types below) that holds the IP address and
other information for the requested hostname.
Iterative Query
In an iterative query, a DNS client provides a hostname, and the DNS Resolver returns the best answer it
can. If the DNS resolver has the relevant DNS records in its cache, it returns them. If not, it refers the DNS
client to the Root Server, or another Authoritative Name Server which is nearest to the required DNS zone.
The DNS client must then repeat the query directly against the DNS server it was referred to.
Non-Recursive Query
A non-recursive query is a query in which the DNS Resolver already knows the answer. It either
immediately returns a DNS record because it already stores it in local cache or queries a DNS Name Server
which is authoritative for the record, meaning it definitely holds the correct IP for that hostname. In both
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cases, there is no need for additional rounds of queries (like in recursive or iterative queries). Rather, a
response is immediately returned to the client.
P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems
and web server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the most widely used web communications protocol. If you look in
the Address field of your web browser right now, it's likely you'll see "http://" at the front.
HTTP is a classic "client-server" protocol. Users click a link on their web browser (the client), and the
browser sends a request over the internet to a web server that houses the site the user requested. The
server sends back the content of the site, such as text and images, which display in users' web browsers.
HTTP is an unsecure communications protocol because the data it sends back and forth between a browser
and a server is unencrypted and can be intercepted by third parties.
Telnet
Telnet is one of the oldest communication protocols. Like HTTP, a Telnet client is used to access remote
servers. However, unlike HTTP, where you only request specific files, Telnet is used to actually log on to the
remote server and perform functions as if you were sitting in front of the server terminal. Telnet is rarely
used now since it is an unsecure protocol that does not encrypt data sent between remote computers.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
As the name implies, the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is primarily used to transfer files such as documents,
images, music, etc., between remote computers. Users have to log on to an FTP server either through a
command line interface or through one of the many FTP graphical client programs available. Once logged
on, users can navigate through the remote server's file structure, moving, renaming, deleting, and copying
files as if it were their own computer.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
HTTPS is similar to HTTP, but different in that it combines with a security protocol called SSL/TLS to provide
secure client-server communications over unsecure networks such as the internet. You're most likely to see
HTTPS protocols on ecommerce websites that ask for personal financial information like credit card
numbers. You know a website is using HTTPS protocols when you see the "https://" in the web address
displayed in your browser's Address field.
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IP Security (IPSec)
IP Security (IPSec) protocols encrypt packets of data and send them between two computers that share the
same cryptographic keys. In other words, the IPSec protocol is like a hallway with no doors linking two
rooms. The only place the data can go is between those two rooms. IPSec protocols are used in Virtual
Private Networks, which allow employees of a company to log on to their company's secure network
through a public network
Server Hardware
The hardware components that a typical server computer comprises are similar to the components used in
less expensive client computers. However, server computers are usually built from higher-grade
components than client computers. The following paragraphs describe the typical components of a server
computer.
Motherboard
The motherboard is the computer’s main electronic circuit board to which all the other components of your
computer are connected. More than any other component, the motherboard is the computer. All other
components attach to the motherboard.
The major components on the motherboard include the processor (or CPU), supporting circuitry called the
chipset, memory, expansion slots, a standard IDE hard drive controller, and input/output (I/O) ports for
devices such as keyboards, mice, and printers. Some motherboards also include additional built-in features
such as a graphics adapter, SCSI disk controller, or a network interface.
Processor
The processor, or CPU, is the brain of the computer. Although the processor isn’t the only component that
affects overall system performance, it is the one that most people think of first when deciding what type of
server to purchase. At the time of this writing, Intel had four processor models designed for use in server
computers:
Itanium 2: 1.60GHz clock speed; 1–2 processor cores
Xeon: 1.83–2.33GHz clock speed; 1–4 processor cores
Pentium D: 2.66-3.6GHz clock speed; 2 processor cores
Pentium 4: 2.4-3.6GHz clock speed; 1 processor core
Each motherboard is designed to support a particular type of processor. CPUs come in two basic mounting
styles: slot or socket. However, you can choose from several types of slots and sockets, so you have to
make sure that the motherboard supports the specific slot or socket style used by the CPU. Some server
motherboards have two or more slots or sockets to hold two or more CPUs.
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The term clock speed refers to how fast the basic clock that drives the processor’s operation ticks. In
theory, the faster the clock speed, the faster the processor. However, clock speed alone is reliable only for
comparing processors within the same family. In fact, the Itanium processors are faster than Xeon
processors at the same clock speed. The same holds true for Xeon processors compared with Pentium D
processors. That’s because the newer processor models contain more advanced circuitry than the older
models, so they can accomplish more work with each tick of the clock.
The number of processor cores also has a dramatic effect on performance. Each processor core acts as if it’s
a separate processor. Most server computers use dual-core (two processor cores) or quad-core (four cores)
chips.
Memory
Don’t scrimp on memory. People rarely complain about servers having too much memory. Many different
types of memory are available, so you have to pick the right type of memory to match the memory
supported by your motherboard. The total memory capacity of the server depends on the motherboard.
Most new servers can support at least 12GB of memory, and some can handle up to 32GB.
Hard drives
Most desktop computers use inexpensive hard drives called IDE drives (sometimes also called ATA). These
drives are adequate for individual users, but because performance is more important for servers, another
type of drive known as SCSI is usually used instead. For the best performance, use the SCSI drives along
with a high-performance SCSI controller card.
Recently, a new type of inexpensive drive called SATA has been appearing in desktop computers. SATA
drives are also being used more and more in server computers as well due to their reliability and
performance.
Network connection
The network connection is one of the most important parts of any server. Many servers have network
adapters built into the motherboard. If your server isn’t equipped as such, you’ll need to add a separate
network adapter card.
Tower servers
Towers look very similar to desktop PCs. If you are not concerned about space you can house more drives
and more hardware into a single tower. However if you are looking at future expansion and scalability,
space can become a constraint with a tower server.
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A tower server is intended for use as a server and is built in an upright standalone cabinet. The cabinet
called a tower is similar in dimensions to the cabinet of a tower-style desktop computer. Tower servers are
different from rack servers or blade servers, which are generally rack-mounted. Tower servers are good as
they provide easier cooling as the overall component density is comparatively low. The disadvantages
include the fact that a set of tower servers is bulkier and weigh more than a blade server or set of rack
servers. Also, the cabling for a big set of tower servers can be difficult and time-consuming. Finally, many
air-cooled tower servers all placed in the same location can be noisy since each tower needs a dedicated
fan.
Rack servers
Racks are designed to accommodate multiple servers, and are specially constructed to fit into small spaces.
They are usually stacked right on top of one other, which makes cooling the devices difficult but is a big
plus point when it comes to scalability. Also the stacked model helps in consolidating network resources
and minimizing the floor space requirements.
In order to understand the hardware structure a bit better we need to understand what it consists of and
how it is installed. A rack server, also known as rack-mounted server, is essentially a computer used as a
server and is designed to be installed in a framework called a rack. The rack constitutes of multiple
mounting slots known as bays, which are designed to secure a hardware unit held in place with screws.
Unlike the tower server, the rack server configuration simplifies cabling among network components. In an
equipment rack filled with servers, a special cooling system is necessary to prevent excessive heat build-up
that would otherwise occur when many power-dissipating components are confined in a small space.
Blade servers
Although blade servers are similar to rack servers in design, they are thinner, and also cost more than the
latter. A blade server is a server chassis which houses multiple thin, modular EC boards, known as server
blades. Each blade is actually a server, often dedicated to a single application. The server blades are literally
servers on a card that contain processors, memory, integrated network controllers, and other input/output
(IO) ports.
Ultimately, the type of server you choose depends on your needs. If space is your main concern, you can go
for racks. If space is not a concern but cooling is then you can choose towers. And if money is not a concern
and you want state-of-the-art server hardware which is space saving and works efficiently go for blade
servers.
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Operating system(OS)
An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot
program, manages all of the other application programs in a computer. The application programs make use
of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface
(API). In addition, users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface such as a
command line or a graphical user interface (GUI).
Main functions of Operating system are :
Booting : It is the process of load the operating system into the main memory or RAM so that user can run
their application.
Memory Management : Different programs and applications are run in memory at the same
time .operating system control and coordinate this. This is called memory management.
Disk Management : It manages the stored files properly.
Data Security : Security is an important think. Operating system protect the data from unauthorized access.
Device Controlling : OS control all the devices connected to the computer system. Device drivers are the
software that control the hardware devices connected to the computer.
Process Management : OS can perform one task at a time . Which process is executed is decided by the OS.
Loading And Execution : Before execution program must be loaded in to the memory . OS provide a way to
loading and execution of a process.
Providing Interface : OS provide an interface between Computer hardware and user
Common desktop operating systems include:
• Windows is Microsoft’s flagship operating system, the de facto standard for home and business
computers. Introduced in 1985, the GUI-based OS has been released in many versions since then.
The user-friendly Windows 95 was largely responsible for the rapid development of personal
computing.
• Mac OS is the operating system for Apple's Macintosh line of personal computers and workstations.
• Unix is a multi-user operating system designed for flexibility and adaptability. Originally developed
in the 1970s, Unix was one of the first operating systems to be written in C language.
• Linux is a Unix-like operating system that was designed to provide personal computer users a free
or very low-cost alternative. Linux has a reputation as a very efficient and fast-performing system.
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Web server software
A web server is server software, or hardware dedicated to running this software, that can satisfy client
requests on the World Wide Web. A web server can, in general, contain one or more websites. A web
server processes incoming network requests over HTTP and several other related protocols.
The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to clients.[1] The
communication between client and server takes place using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Pages
delivered are most frequently HTML documents, which may include images, style sheets and scripts in
addition to the text content.
Some of the more popular Web server softwares
• Apache
• Apache Tomcat
• Microsoft’s Internet Information Server(IIS)
• IBM’s family of Lotus Domino servers
Web applications are usually coded in browser-supported language such as JavaScript and HTML as these
languages rely on the browser to render the program executable. Some of the applications are dynamic,
requiring server-side processing. Others are completely static with no processing required at the server.
The web application requires a web server to manage requests from the client, an application server to
perform the tasks requested, and, sometimes, a database to store the information. Application server
technology ranges from ASP.NET, ASP and ColdFusion, to PHP and JSP.
Here's what a typical web application flow looks like:
User triggers a request to the web server over the Internet, either through a web browser or the
application’s user interface
Web server forwards this request to the appropriate web application server
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Web application server performs the requested task – such as querying the database or processing the data
– then generates the results of the requested data
Web application server sends results to the web server with the requested information or processed data
Web server responds back to the client with the requested information that then appears on the user’s
display
P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how
these relate to presentation and application layers
Front-end
Front-end web development, also known as client-side development is the practice of producing HTML, CSS
and JavaScript for a website or Web Application so that a user can see and interact with them directly. The
challenge associated with front end development is that the tools and techniques used to create the front
end of a website change constantly and so the developer needs to constantly be aware of how the field is
developing.
The objective of designing a site is to ensure that when the users open up the site they see the information
in a format that is easy to read and relevant. This is further complicated by the fact that users now use a
large variety of devices with varying screen sizes and resolutions thus forcing the designer to take into
consideration these aspects when designing the site. They need to ensure that their site comes up correctly
in different browsers (cross-browser), different operating systems (cross-platform) and different devices
(crossdevice), which requires careful planning on the side of the developer.
A front-end developer architects and develops websites and applications using web technologies (i.e.,
HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript), which run on the Open Web Platform or act as compilation input for
non-web platform environments
Typically, a person enters into the field of front-end development by learning to develop HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript which commonly runs in a web browser but can also run in a headless browser, WebView, or as
compilation input for a native runtime environment.
Web Browsers (most common)
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