GoTravel Website: Design, Development, and Testing

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WEBSITE DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT
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Table of Contents
Introduction-...............................................................................................................................................3
LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing
websites......................................................................................................................................................4
P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organized
and managed...........................................................................................................................................4
M1...........................................................................................................................................................6
P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware,
operating systems and web server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a
website....................................................................................................................................................7
M2...........................................................................................................................................................9
LO2 Categorize website technologies, tools, and software used to develop websites................................9
P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies
and explain how these relate to presentation and application layers.....................................................9
P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom-built sites with regards
to design flexibility, performance, functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI)...........10
M3.........................................................................................................................................................12
D1..........................................................................................................................................................12
LO3 Utilise website technologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to create a multipage
website......................................................................................................................................................13
P5 Create a design document for a branded, multipage website supported with medium-fidelity
wireframes and a full set of client and user requirements....................................................................13
P6 Use your design document with appropriate principles, standards, and guidelines to produce a
branded, multipage website supported with realistic content..............................................................22
M4.........................................................................................................................................................26
D2..........................................................................................................................................................26
LO4 Create and use a Test Plan to review the performance and design of a multipage website..............27
P7 Create a suitable Test Plan identifying key performance area and use it to review the functionality
and performance of your website.........................................................................................................27
M5.........................................................................................................................................................31
D3..........................................................................................................................................................31
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................33
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List of figures
Figure 1: DNS hierarchy...........................................................................................................................6
Figure 2: Represent Overview factor for website design......................................................................13
Figure 3: Simple designs of the website.................................................................................................14
Figure 4: Represent menu navigation process.......................................................................................14
Figure 5: Represent navigation process management..........................................................................15
Figure 6: Communication factor of website design...............................................................................15
Figure 7: Effective pictures for website design......................................................................................16
Figure 8: Proposed model for the home page........................................................................................17
Figure 9: Proposed model for About Us page........................................................................................18
Figure 10: Proposed model for Gallery page.........................................................................................19
Figure 11: Proposed model for services page........................................................................................20
Figure 12: Proposed model for Contact Us page...................................................................................21
Figure 13: Home page of website design................................................................................................22
Figure 14: About us page of website design...........................................................................................23
Figure 15: Gallery page of website design.............................................................................................24
Figure 16: Services page of website design............................................................................................25
Figure 17: Contact us page of website design........................................................................................25
Figure 18: Test plan1...............................................................................................................................28
Figure 19: Test plan 2..............................................................................................................................29
Figure 20: Test plan 3..............................................................................................................................29
Figure 21: Test plan 4(browser compatibility with Firefox and IE)....................................................30
Figure 22: Test plan 5 (navigation in the header menu).......................................................................31
List of tables
Table 1: DNS hierarchy structure............................................................................................................5
Table 2: Various web server software......................................................................................................7
Table 3: Benefits and drawback of online creation website and custom-built websites.....................11
Table 4: Test plan identification table....................................................................................................27
Table 5: Feedback evaluation table........................................................................................................31
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Introduction-
Today, the world has increased the number of tourists all around the world and in that context
only in given problem specification, a travel agency website is designed with the help of various
computer programming technologies like Html language, CSS style sheet for designing and
developing a travel agency named “GoTravel”. Basically, travel agency acts as a mediator part
between a tourist and all the travel facilities like flight booking, hotel booking, etc. Travel
agency plays a vital role in the world of tourism and travel. Here travel agency collects the
vacation packages and offers them to clients and this unit specification deals with the travel
agency website design and development.
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LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with
hosting and managing websites
P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain
names are organized and managed
One of the most essential and important internet factors is DNS that stands for Domain Name
System in the internet world (Radwan, 2017). It helps in open internet addresses without any
disruption. DNS is used to find out the domain IP. The following steps will show the working of
DNS server: process of retrieval of record can be achieved by requesting for information,
recurrent DNS servers, also by implementing root name servers, by achieving Top-Level
Domain (TLD) name servers, by finding valid DNS servers, and at last final answer by saving
the record, reading the IP and information is passed to the browser of user. So, the DNS system
basically maintains a domain names directory and then convert them into IP addresses of the
system. As users, various systems, machines can efficiently recall the domain names so it is
needed that access websites through IP addresses.
DNS server types:
By observing and analyzing the feature's performance, server like DNS are categorized into
various categories and some of them are:
Zone Master Server: Name itself explain that it is a reliable server. It will contain a database that
has data about a specific area. And these two servers are used for data dependency, one type of
server is primary master server and secondary slave server is another type of server. The master
server is also consulted by area computers for specific information.
Primary Master Server:
The main xerox of the specific area data resides in a primary master server and when particular
data operation starts it is packed on the disk back. For the most relevant data, the primary master
slave is the main server. In this particular server area, data changes can be made in the database.
In some cases when there is an uncontrolled load of data on this server, then specific data is
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divided on another server that is a secondary server, and with the help of a primary server,
authority is represented.
Secondary Slave Server:
In case of breakdown and unsuccessful running of the master server, secondary slave server
present with the relevant information within it. Also, there is a proposal of having a different
server with the master data because of traffic congestion in busy zones. As a result, for the
primary master servers, secondary slave servers act as an assistant server. When primary master
server has self-representation feature to secondary slave server then instead of the master servers
customers can directly in contact with these servers.
Domain names are organized and managed.
For organizing and managing domain names DNS hierarchical structure is used. Each part of the
basic domain name is shown by various levels which can be any of them- root, top level, second
level or a sub-domain. This hierarchical pattern called by domain namespace also. The resolver
will navigate its way for a solution down in tree till last. Dots are used in between the names of
each part so that computers properly remember properly verified domain name.
Table 1: DNS hierarchy structure
Top level domain Top level domain divides the whole DNS hierarchy into
segments(Sari, 2018). These are further categorized into subparts
that are organizational hierarchy like .com (commercial
organizations), .edu (educational), .gov (government) and
geographic hierarchy where countries are assigned with two-
letter codes
Root level domain The root domain is the highest hierarchical level of the DNS
hierarchy tree. It doesn’t have any formal name and is an empty
string that ends in a full stop character (the label delimiter).
Second level domain The main section of the domain name is the second level domain
that finds below TLD. It can vary according to the demand of the
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buyer. If the domain is available then anyone can buy it.
Sub-domain It is a main specific domain section. Sub-domain list doesn’t
have a root domain in a particular list. For e.g., one.instance.com
and two.instance.com both are the sub-domains of the main
specific domain instance.com and instance.com comes under
com TLD subdomain.
Host It is a most bottom level of DNS hierarchy tree. It is a resource
record. The IP address of the host is stored by the DNS server.
Figure 1: DNS hierarchy
M1
Pre-built template or structure is represented by a framework that allows developers and
designers to add and implement unique features for their project(Turan, 2017). Various
frameworks are available which is used for designing web pages in the PHP, Python, HTML,
Jquery, Ruby, JavaScript and CSS(Krause, 2016). Such a framework template contains some
blocks, navigation, tags, and animation for the connectivity purpose. Website designing and
development use various type of languages. Web browser and web servers are used for
communication(Wood, 2017).
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P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server
hardware, operating systems and web server software with regards to designing,
publishing and accessing a website.
Web server software:
This server software recalls by HTTP server and application server that is an application or
software program that will represent content used by HTTP protocol. It’s a huge package of
Internet-based applications for FTP file request downloads, email services, developing
webpages. This server software must be updated on the user’s system for local server website
running process. Most famous servers among these are Nginx, Apache, IIS and Lite Speed.
Table 2: Various web server software
IIS web server New modules cannot be added to the server as this is not an open
source. It can be work on any of the Windows operating system
platforms and enhance the work that is helpful for customer
satisfaction. It is a product of Microsoft.
Nginx Nginx is presented with good stability, show quality performance,
configured in short and simple ways because it is an open source
software, and make sure of using fewer assets. It
contains IMAP/POP3 proxy server and scalable event-driven
architecture is used to handle requests.
LiteSpeed web server This is a commercial web server for drop-in replacement of apache
with high performance. It directly loads apache configuration files
and replaces apache with zero downtime. It is compatible with many
of the characteristics of apache like using mod_rewrite, using
mod_security and applying .htaccess.
Apache web server These are some open source software which can be working on
various OS like Linux, Mac OS, Unix, and windows. New modules
can be add to the server because of open source functionality and
new modifications can be made. It is more stable with easier solving
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functionality of administrative issues.
The operating system of the web server –
Operating system web gives a platform for the execution of hardware, software, application, and
program. These web servers operating system is specially invented for running on servers only.
These are special computers that work within a client/server model for responding to requests
made by clients. Mainly two types of the operating system are commonly used for a web server
that is windows based operating system that includes some advanced server, also Windows 2000,
many of the Windows NT Server, and various Microsoft.NET and another one is Linux/Unix
that includes Solaris, Linus, FreeBSD.
The hardware of web server –
 Hardware server stores the website data and delivers it to the visitors of the website.
HTTP server software provides a control section for device configuration from any
browser.
 Web traffic- HTTP requests must be ensured to respond to services in minimum response
time.
 The high watermark of HTTP requests per second must be needed and high usage period
of end-to-end response time.
 Response time- It is the total proceed time between request receipt and the end part of the
requested HTML sent.
 Open gateway proxy web servers are used for real measurement of end-to-end response
time.
Advantages of IDS (Integrated database system) -
 Provides easy and fast connection with the help of pre-built adapters and connectors.
 Integrate data from variant sources.
 It supports better decision making.
 It will be helpful in increasing system adoption.
 It will be instantaneous and provide access to up-to-date data.
 It reduces administration overhead.
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M2
SEO stands for search engine optimization that will work on business organization market values
so their respective ranking and index value can be managed. SEO will be helpful in the
improvement of the website that directly contributes to new customer acquisition. Many web
servers are used for website designing and development and here Apache server is used for
websites that are supported by the various web server and is a type of Search Engine
Optimization.
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LO2 Categorize website technologies, tools, and software used to develop
websites
P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end
website technologies and explain how these relate to presentation and application
layers.
The web industry has various aspects that are one is front-end website technology and another
one is back-end website technologies. Client-side technology is an alias name for front-end
section and considering “Web design” for the same. Server-side technology is an alias name for
another website technology that is Back-end and considered to be “web developer”.
Front-end:
The user interface is provided by front-end website technology that is a client-side part. Through
front-end technology, user can experience and see on the website. Basically, web designing work
comes under the front-end part. In front-end technology data is converted into the graphical
interface so that user can view and interact with data via some digital interacting tools like
HTML, CSS(Flanagan, 2016), JS, Bootstrap and AJAX(Alawar, 2017). There are various platforms
like WordPress, Magento, etc. used for web designing. All these tools combined make a website
more attractive and mobile compatible by using front-end technology. Website designed is a
static site that can be designed without a back-end processor web developer.
Back-end:
Back-end technology will look up for the working of the site, its operation, and changes. It does
not provide a user interface so the user cannot search into the browser just like various databases
and many of the servers. An application, a database and a server combining together form a
back-end technology. Workers for the back-end process are notable as programmers or
developers. The main focus of the back-end technology process is on security, structure and
content management. They create dynamic websites like Facebook, Google maps, etc. that
constantly change and update in real-time.
Layers architecture of website –
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1. Application layer- It holds some rules and contract that mainly look up for communication
process interface with various end-user services. Basically, it is described with an abstraction
layer which defines protocols of shared process communications. It includes DHTML,
AJAX, and PHP.
2. Presentation layer- It consists of a user interface that is a graphical one and reachable by a
web browser and web-based applications and programs and show only useful information
and content to the user. It includes CSS(Jackson, 2016).
P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom-built
sites with regards to design flexibility, performance, functionality, User Experience
(UX) and User Interface (UI).
Online website creation tools also known as Website builders are responsible for the creation of
websites without editing the code by the user itself. Website builder’s tools are quite fast for
implementing as most of the coding is already done. But mostly websites are developed with
CMS which allows quick and easy updation without coding support. Many other CMS platforms
are available that includes Joomla, CMS Made Simple, DotNetNuke, and Drupal. Custom-built
sites are using WordPress or another CMS platform. Wix, Weebly, and Squarespace are some
examples of online website creation tools.
RIA (Rich Internet Application) used to design website architecture by a web developer.
JavaScript has some in-built elements that deal with some events on the website that creates by
the website’s HTML code(Meloni, 2016). Custom-built websites are more flexible and grow
along with the business. Web developers must have the skillset and knowledge to ensure the
optimization process through search engine optimization.
Table 3: Benefits and drawback of online creation website and custom-built websites.
Online creation website Custom-built websites
Come up with dozens of templates
that will easy to choose colors and
font style(Guzman, 2017).
Custom-built websites provide
uniqueness to the website as an
architecture of a website is built as per
the user’s specification and demand.
These tools are time and cost- It allows the complete avoidance of
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