Identification and Management of Weed Species Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of various weed species, their characteristics, and effective management strategies. The report details the common name of the weed, whether it's considered an environmental weed, and specific characteristics. It also covers ecological requirements, including how the species reproduce and the habitats they prefer. Furthermore, the report includes management techniques like hand-pulling, herbicide use, and other methods to control their spread. The weeds are categorized, and the report references several scientific studies to support the information. Finally, the report also highlights the negative impacts of these weeds, such as poor habitat for wildlife and impacts on water quality.

Running Head: WEED
0
Weeds
student
4/27/2019

WEED
1
Tree name Why is this species considered
as weed
Is the species
an
environmental
weed
Characteristics
(reproduction /ecological
requirement)
Management
(Swain,
Nørremark,
Jørgensen,
Midtiby, & Green,
2011).
corky
passion
fruit
Species that Out-compete
ground and cover and climb
and overwhelm shrubs and
minor trees.
Yes By seed/ Prefers open
forest and disturbed land.
Hand-pull
Remove
Herbicides can be
effective.
Blady
Grass
Poor habitat for wildlife.
Highly flammable.
Yes By seed and rhizome/
Tends to grow on poor
low fertility soils.
Disc cultivation
Fertilise the area
(Potena, Nardi, &
Pretto, (2016).
Morning
Glory
rapid spread and ability to take
over garden areas
yes vegetatively via rooting
stems/inhabits wetter
tropical, sub-tropical and
temperate regions
Manually removing
herbicide use
Brazilian
coral tree
Invading natural areas,
particularly along waterways
and in wetlands.
Yes by seed and also
vegetatively / wetter
temperate, sub-tropical
and tropical environments
Cut stump, foliar
spray, and stem
injection (Potena,
Nardi, & Pretto,
2016)
Blackberry
nightshade
One of the world’s nastiest
weeds (Holm) of 37 crops in
nearly 61 countries.
yes By seed/ Prefers shaded
areas.
Spray, herbicides,
and preventing seed
Common
reed weed
deteriorates Water quality and
forms dense, monotypic stands
in wetlands
Yes Vegetative reproduction/
Prefer wet areas
Manual removal,
Cutting, and
herbicides
Brazilian
nightshade
The fruit are poisonous to
humans, poultry, pigs, cattle,
sheep
yes by seed often dispersed
by birds / weed of
untended areas with
fertile soils
Prevention, Cut
stump, Foliar spray

WEED
2
balloon
vine weed
Grows dynamically, climbing
up to 10 m in height or
distributing along the ground,
and blanketing all vegetation.
yes By seeds/ Moist parts
along the river edges,
forest borders and road
ends in warmer zones.
Hand pulls Cut and
paint stump and
Remove the seed
source (Wu, Wen,
Deng, & Peng,
2009).
balloon
cotton
bush
weed of grasslands, open
woodlands and disturbed sites
yes by seed and suckers may
also be produced off
lateral roots/ prefer
watery areas
Cutting, herbicides
Cadaghi Prevent other plants from
growing
Yes by seed/ areas that are
close to habitation
Cut stump, stem
injection, and foliar
spray
Capillary
worm
wood
NA No By seeds/Finest grown in
poor to reasonably fertile,
dry to intermediate
moisture
Cutting, spray
(Weis, & Sökefeld,
2010).
madeira
vine weed
can damage intact native
plantations, completely
changing the environments it
dominates
yes By seeds/ Prefers
subtropical and warmer
temperate areas.
Cutting, removal,
herbicides, Leaf
feeding
beetle Plectonycha
correntina
climbing
asparagus
fern
Forms dense patches on
ground or sub-canopy with
long-lived tubers
Yes By seeds and spread by
birds/distressed and
complete lowland and
seaside forest, shrublands,
matured broadleaf
Spraying, stems
break
Crofton
weed
Poisonous to horses, and
causes Tallebudgera Horse
Disease, which results in
serious respiratory damage
and death.
Yes By seeds /open
woodlands, forest
margins and rainforest
clearings.
Chip-out small
infestations,
grubbing, hoeing
and burning and
herbicide use.
cobblers
pegs weed
invades waterways, rainforest
margins, crops and gardens
Yes By seeds/ Wet areas Remove, herbicides,
and stem cutting
(Jones, Charles,
Bogaard, &
Hodgson, 2010).
common
coral tree
has spread from garden and
street plantings and become an
environmental weed in the
coastal regions
Yes By seeds/ subtropical and
warmer temperate areas.
Complete removal
and herbicides

WEED
3
climbing
cassia
Displaces native vegetation in
disturbed and undisturbed
areas
Yes By seeds/ tropical, sub-
tropical and warmer
temperate regions.
Remove the plant,
foliar spray, and
using herbicides
Common
Guava
invading troubled, and to a
lower degree undisturbed
yes By seeds/Agricultural
extents, forest ends,
natural
plantations, riparian zon
es
Small plants
removal, prevention
is better
golden
rain tree
Potential to seriously degrade
Australia's ecosystems.
yes BY seeds/ sub-tropical,
tropical and warmer
temperate
Cut stump, stem
injection, removal,
and basal bark
giant reed
grass
block drainage and spreads
from root fragments
Yes By seeds/ Streamsides,
inlets (to waterline),
troubled lowland and
seaside forest margins,
Cut down, amitrole+
Gallant sprays
(Weis, & Sökefeld,
2010).
Passion
fruit
Hinders other plants growth Yes By seed/ Complete removal
herbicides
African
tulip tree
weed
Observed to be amongst the
top 100 of the biosphere’s
worst aggressive alien
Species.
Yes Be seeds/It favours wetter
environments, and is
particularly common
along streams and gullies.
Cut down, foliar
spray, herbicides,
stem injection
moonflow
er
margins, wet sclerophyll
forests
Yes By seeds or vegetatively
via rooting of stems/ sub-
tropical and tropical
regions
Removal,
herbicides, stems
injections (Swain,
Nørremark,
Jørgensen,
Midtiby, & Green,
2011).
Ice cream
bean
reach 30 m tall and 60 cm in
diameter at breast height,
typically dividing from below
3 m
No By seeds/ Moist, wet, or
sometimes rather dry
forest
Removal by hands,
herbicides
creeping
fig
very aggressive grower once
established
Yes By seeds/ prefer warmer
areas
Stem injections.
Foliar spray, and
complete removal
red
bauhinia
often climbs into surrounding
trees and reaches up to 5 m or
more in height
Yes By seeds/ prefer open
woodlands and forest
margins
Stem injection, and
cutting stem (Wu,
Wen, Deng, &
Peng, 2009).
Lantana Observed to be in the topmost Yes By seeds/ commonly Stem injections.

WEED
4
weed 100 of the biosphere’s worst
aggressive alien species.
found growing in the
understorey of open
woodlands
Foliar spray, and
removal by hand
broad
leaved
privet
Invades riparian vegetation
and disturbed sites.
Yes Vegetative reproduction/
Prefers warm, humid
environments.
Removal by hand,
and herbicides
fishbone
fern
Environmental weed found in
New South Wales and
Queensland.
Yes By spores and
vegetatively via
underground stems/
coastal environs in sub-
tropical and warmer
temperate regions.
Complete removal
(LÓPEZ‐
GRANADOS,
2011).

WEED
5
References
Jones, G., Charles, M., Bogaard, A., & Hodgson, J. (2010). Crops and weeds: the role of weed
functional ecology in the identification of crop husbandry methods. Journal of
Archaeological Science, 37(1), 70-77.
LÓPEZ‐GRANADOS, F. (2011). Weed detection for site‐specific weed management: mapping
and real‐time approaches. Weed Research, 51(1), 1-11.
Potena, C., Nardi, D., & Pretto, A. (2016). Fast and accurate crop and weed identification with
summarized train sets for precision agriculture. In International Conference on Intelligent
Autonomous Systems (pp. 105-121). Springer, Cham.
Potena, C., Nardi, D., & Pretto, A. (2016). Fast and accurate crop and weed identification with
summarized train sets for precision agriculture. In International Conference on Intelligent
Autonomous Systems (pp. 105-121). Springer, Cham.
Swain, K. C., Nørremark, M., Jørgensen, R. N., Midtiby, H. S., & Green, O. (2011). Weed
identification using an automated active shape matching (AASM) technique. biosystems
engineering, 110(4), 450-457.
Weis, M., & Sökefeld, M. (2010). Detection and identification of weeds. In Precision crop
protection-the challenge and use of heterogeneity (pp. 119-134). Springer, Dordrecht.
Wu, L., Wen, Y., Deng, X., & Peng, H. (2009). Identification of weed/corn using BP network
based on wavelet features and fractal dimension. Scientific Research and Essays, 4(11),
1194-1200.