White Tower London: Exploring Traditional Materials & Construction

This presentation focuses on the materials and construction methods used in building the White Tower of London, a prominent example of Norman architecture in the UK. It highlights the use of native mudstone and Caen stone, brought in by boat, for the tower's construction and beautification. The presentation also mentions the later replacement of stones with Portland pebbles in the 17th and 18th centuries, contributing to the tower's famous "white" color. The Norman architectural style is emphasized, characterized by its immensity, roundness, curved arches, cylinder-shaped pillars, and thick, heavy walls. The presentation includes visual aids to illustrate these points.

COMMON MATERIALS AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
USED WHILE BUILDING THE
WHITE TOWER IN LONDON
 “The white tower” stands as the
Stronghold of London.
 It represents the leading
construction of the support

COLLECTIVE
METHODS OF
ORGANIZATION
 Utilization of native stone with
enormously fine particles termed as
mudstone.
 “Caen stone was engaged for the
purpose of the beautifications, and
brought in by boat through English
Channel”.
 Stones supplanted in the 17th and
18th century by pebbles of Portland—
the British island somewhat adjacent
to London. The color of stones
contributed the brand of famous
"white tower".

The Construction
process and
Resources used
Principal features of Norman work lies in
its immensity as well as roundness, curved
arches, enormous cylinder-shaped pillars,
thick heavy walls, and occasionally round
structures.
Normans preferred circular or else square
shapes.
The Ground
Level
The First Floor
The Second Level

References
Chakuaizhao.com. (2019). www.bgs.ac.uk:British Geological Survey (BGS) | A world-leading geoscience
centre. [online] Available at: http://www.chakuaizhao.com/2017-03-29/www.bgs.ac.uk/ [Accessed 21 Jan.
2019].
Garrido Bianchini, M., Siliakus, I. and Aysta, J. (2009). The paper architect. New York: Potter Craft.
International, A. (2019). The Tower of London - Well Preserved Norman Stone Keep Castle in England.
[online] Castlesandmanorhouses.com. Available at: http://www.castlesandmanorhouses.com/page.php?
key=The%20Tower%20of%20London [Accessed 21 Jan. 2019].
Li, M., Yang, J. and Li, Z. (2011). Latest Developments of Materials Used in Transmission Tower Structure.
Advanced Materials Research, 250-253, pp.4038-4041.
Li, X. and He, Q. (2018). Application of Tower Girder Asynchronous Construction Technology. Smart
Construction Research, 2(4).

THANK YOU