Construction Technology 200471: Climatic Design for Windorah

This report analyzes the climate of Windorah, Queensland, focusing on evaporation rates, rainfall intensities, flooding, and lighting solutions. It highlights Windorah's high evaporation rates and the impact on soil moisture, referencing data from May 2018. The report discusses the history of flooding events due to Windorah's location within a large drainage catchment. It explores both natural and artificial lighting techniques suitable for Windorah's climate, drawing inspiration from traditional Middle Eastern designs and modern sun tunnel technology. The report emphasizes the importance of integrating natural and artificial lighting to maximize efficiency and minimize glare. It concludes by suggesting lighting layouts that complement natural daylight and incorporating automated dimmer switches for optimal energy consumption. The document references various sources from the Bureau of Meteorology and academic papers on traditional architecture and lighting design.

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The rate of evaporation
According to Australian Meteorology Bureau calculation of the annual average rate of pan
evaporation at wind rah QLD yearly at 3200mm. the figure is highly based on factor range that is
the temperature of the air, speed of wind, humility, as well as the cove of the clouds. This found
to give a higher record when the conditions are windy, hot and even dry though give lowest
record when the condition are both wet and cold(Davidson 2011).
The annual mean of pan evaporation was higher than 3000mm in the Queensland throughout
therefore making the Windorah to exceed its evaporation rate. When the evaporation rate goes
higher the soil moisture is also tending to get reduced thus affecting the development of crops as
well as the growth of pasture. This happen during very hot and dry periods during when the palm
has a high demand for water especially when there is low supply of water (Makani, Khorram and
Ahmadipur 2012)
The data below show the rainfall recorded in the moth of may the year 2018, as discovered that
there was no rainfall which result to pan evaporation during the previous month evaporation. The
zero pan evaporation system shows an evident during the previous month analysis of the
conditions of the rainfall. This is because of the extreme temperature recorded in the area
meaning that may be any or all moisture or rainfall seen in the area thus converted to
evatransipiration compared to pan evaporation

The flood
In the past ten decades windorah has been experiencing around forty flash event of
flooding. The location of windorah is 40km south west of the Thomson-Barcoo-cooper drains
catchment. This drain catchment has an area of 237000 square kilometres as well as the largest
Qeensland basin. During the dry season. the channels directed to many clay pans and lagoons.
While in wet season the actual channel cannot be define especially when the Windorah rivers
reached to about 40km wide(Bom.gov.au. 2018). Therefore, huge flood areas in windorah turn
to a big inland sea with of little ridges as well as many stunted trees. Because of the intensive
rainfall in the central east of the Qeensland region measured in every five years, therefore
Windorah is exposed to heavy flash flooding event than can goes more than the depth of 7m

The lighting artificial and natural methods
From the previous part indicate that Windorah is mostly subjected to a daylight duration of an
average 11 hour every day. Numerous ways of lighting all around the world can be converted to
suit the particular climate condition of Windorah. Particularly in the natural techniques of
lighting in the middle east like in Iran and Egypt who are having the same conditions of the
climate similar to that of Windorah may be used and incorporated in the windorah construction
to enhance the maximization the natural sunlight available. The natural lighting technique key
for development applied in Iran as well as Cairo an also be applied in maximizing the natural
lighting in Windorah in consideration to the internal courtyard structures and strategies.

The yards and voids of the interior ensure that the light is produce to the maximum as previously
to unlit the part of the home therefore encouraging more light to penetrate deeper to the home
inside. The interior voids, the ceiling window floor and the door of the window face these open
spaces directly on a vertical wall(Pholvilai 1997). Depending on type of light required, amount
of light and the space significance, therefore the window can be of different orientation, shapes
as well as size.
The use of skylights and tunnels of light are also considered to be the natural technique of
lighting. Roofing light as well as skylights are very important to the windows and doors that face
the exterior since all benefit from the openings of the window having no risk on the issue related
to privacy. The skylight of traditional structure architecture having the shaped of a dome roof to
ensure that the light is disperse evenly to all parts of the room a part from concentrating within a
specific point an any time.
In this day’s construction having both advance celling insulation as well as building methods
therefore replacing the skylight rational method by the application of the ceiling space tunnels.
These sun tunnels have a great advantage over the traditional skylight especially where there are
extreme hot climates like in Windorah thus the application of these insulated ceiling facilitate the
maximum penetration of light in the room with a minimum heat in the interior structure through

the large window plane opening on the roof(Ahani 2011). The current tunnels of the sun may
have a coating of UV to enhance filtration of the dangerous UV rays thus preventing fading of
the furniture as well as avoiding any other effect of radiation of UV
The artificial lighting
In most cases, natural lighting is being restricted on the daylight hours within a particular
section, therefore with consideration to the case in Windorah having light of around eleven hours
per day, so the artificial lightning techniques is required to be implemented and used for
efficiency maximization and even minimizing the issue related to glare( Alshaibani 2015). In
achieving the optimum efficiency, then the daylighting is considered to be not prominent source

of the lighting in each dwelling within hot and dry climate therefore should supplemented by the
artificial lighting where necessary. The main reason of supplementation of the light is to decease
the contrast between the areas delighted next to the windows as well as the dim interior areas.
When the luminance ratio is controlled in the whole region the result avoids the glare, therefore
the visual environmental quality is optimized. The light from the electricity may extend the
length of the ordinary activities in those duties that may be done past the daylight hour limit.
The major efficiency natural integration control as well as controlling the artificial lightning is
through applying ‘up lighting’. This is as it known as the bouncing light from the ceiling a part
from the light that is delivered from the luminaire source of light directly(Bureau of Meteorology
2018). As coupled by an automated dimmer switched connected on the fixing and fixtures as the
style of the designing is illustrated below
The layout of the lighting may lead to adverse artificial lighting efficiency effect on the
designing. Therefore, for efficiency maximization as well as consumption minimization the
controller zone as well as the light fixtures layout should be design in manner that they are

parallel to the opening of the window in order to allow row lighting turn off or on as required it
the complementation of the natural amount of daylight which is available.

REFERENCES
Bom.gov.au. (2018). Thomson, Barcoo Rivers and Cooper Creek Flood Warning System.
[online] Available at: http://www.bom.gov.au/qld/flood/brochures/cooper/cooper.shtml
[Accessed 22 May 2018].
Davidson, J. (2011). Meteorological and Hydrological Overview of the Widespread Rainfall and
Flooding in Queensland during December 2010 and January 2011.
Bureau of Meteorology (2018). Windorah, Queensland May 2018, Daily Weather Observations.
Windorah: Bureau of Meteorology.
A. Alshaibani, K. (2015). Planning for Daylight in Sunny Regions. [online] Pattaya, Thailand:
International Conference on Environment And Civil Engineering. Available at:
http://ia-e.org/siteadmin/upload/1741IAE0415410.pdf [Accessed 24 May 2018].
Ahani, F. (2011). Natural light in traditional architecture of Iran: lessons to remember. WIT
Transactions on the Built Environment, Vol 121. [online] Islamic Azaad University, Fouman &
Shaft Branch, Iran. Available at:
https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/LIGHT11/LIGHT11003FU1.pdf [Accessed 24
May 2018].
Makani, V., Khorram, A. and Ahmadipur, Z. (2012). Secrets of Light in Traditional Houses of
Iran. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, [online] International
Journal of Architecture and Urban Development Vol.2, No3, Summer 2012. Available at:

http://ijaud.srbiau.ac.ir/article_570_e26052b744acfc3aa12cadb31ced34b7.pdf [Accessed 24 May
2018].
Pholvilai, W. (1997). AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT APPROACH TO THE INTEGRATION OF
DAYLIGHT AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHT FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN A WARM-
HUMID CLIMATE. MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE. THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA.