Wireless Networks: A Comparative Study of Two Research Papers

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Wireless Communications and Networks
I. Introduction
In 1969, ALOHAnet introduced the wireless network for the first time professionally at the Hawaii
University which further became operational in the year 1971. Wireless networking is used for the
purpose of avoiding costly cables inside a building for having a connection between different
equipment. Based on a computer network, data connections are used wirelessly between the nodes of
network. There are various types of wireless networks which are used very widely:-
 Wireless LAN – By using distribution method wirelessly, two or more equipment can be
linked or connected within short distance.
 Wireless PAN – For the purpose of connecting devices inside an area which is relatively
small, WPSNs are used.
 Wireless WAN – For covering the large areas, WWANs are used for example: - adjacent
cities and towns.
 Wireless MAN – Different WLANs are connected in this.
 Wireless ad hoc network – Radio nodes are used for making this network.
 Cellular network – Based on radio network, cellular networks are shared over cell areas.
II. Introduction of the research papers
For the purpose of preparing this report, two papers of research are gathered over the wireless
communication and networks. Now introduction of the first paper is as follows:-
1. Energy-efficient node positioning in optical wireless sensor networks
The shown paper of research above is discussing about the wireless sensor network (WSN) in detail. Also
the main objective of this research paper is to combine the space free optical communication along with
the wireless sensors networks. Furthermore, distributed control model is used in this paper which is
hierarchical based. Clusters contain the number of nodes which are in common with the cluster head. The
execution of communication is done with the help of nodes in wireless sensors (Yan et al. 2019).
Keywords used in this research paper are: Cluster head positioning, wireless sensor network, free
space optical and power allocation.

2. A survey on green communication and security challenges in 5G wireless communication
networks
The second listed research paper is the survey based on the green communication along with the
challenges related with the security of 5G wireless networks in communication. The aim of this
research paper is to conduct a survey for the scenarios of energy-efficient green communications.
Also the architecture of three-layer is introduced in this paper for the purpose of improving the
lifetime of battery in the terminals of users within a network (Gandotra & Jha 2017).
Keywords in use of this research are as follows: Internet of things (IoT), spectrum sharing, small cell
access point (SCA), relay, massive MIMO, D2D communication, carbon dioxide emissions.
III. Methodologies:
The used process or method for conducting the research is known as methodology, this further helps
finding the result of proposed work in the shortest and best possible way. The selected research papers
have used various methodologies for completion of the research which are listed below:-
1. Energy-efficient node positioning in optical wireless sensor networks
 Model of Performance- In this step, analysis of performance is done along with the
evaluation of work for the two signals which are independent of each other. This is done by
obtaining the function of cumulative distribution and secondary users which are presented by
W and Z.
 Correlation analysis- Sensing of spectrum is done efficiently in this step which is very
important for the identification of primary user by the secondary user.
 Discussion and simulation- analysis is done parametrically for the above step, after this
simulation results are obtained for the purpose of verifying the proposed model (Yan et al.
2019).
2. A survey on green communication and security challenges in 5G wireless communication
networks

 Allocation of equal power- In this step, every user is given power in equal amount which is
independent of the distribution of SINR.
 Application of water-filling algorithm- This algorithm is a type of scheme in which convex
optimization is used for the purpose of allocating power optimally.
 Energy efficiency- this step is considered to be one of the most important for green network.
The efficiency of energy which is allotted to every user is calculated by the system capacity
to the power consumed totally.
 Area energy efficiency- This is calculated finally for evaluation of energy efficiency. It is the
ratio of efficiency of energy with the macro cell area in sq.-km (Gandotra & Jha 2017).
IV. Comparison of the reported results in two selected research papers.
The first selected research paper aims in getting the combination of wireless sensors networks along
with the space free optical communication. While in the second paper, it is focused mainly on
performing the survey for the scenarios of the communications which are considered as green. Also,
distributed control model is used in the first selected research paper based on hierarchy while the
architecture of three-layer is used in the second research paper for increasing the battery lifespan in
the user terminals of a network. The main research of first paper is based on the networks of wireless
sensors while second paper is based on the survey of communication in green networks. Furthermore,
the methodologies used by the two research papers are totally different and very effective.
V. The advantages/disadvantages/superiority of the two papers.
1. Energy-efficient node positioning in optical wireless sensor networks
Yan et al. (2019) said that the wireless sensor networks have wide range of advantages like scalability
of network, self-organization, distributed control, etc. Also, the introduced scheme in this research
paper provides a solution for the issue of power efficiency in the old wireless sensor networks.

Along with advantages it also has some limitations like resources of wireless bandwidth are tight due
to which interference (electromagnetic) occurs within the signals.
2. A survey on green communication and security challenges in 5G wireless communication
networks
Gandotra & Jha (2017) said that the cross interference approach used in this research paper is used to
make the communication network more secure. Also the proposed scheme in this paper is used very
effectively on the basis of cost factor through sharing of spectrum.
About the limitation in this research paper, availability of renewable sources is a major issue for
which energy harvesting becomes quite harder sometimes.
VI. Changes/future-directions for the two papers to improve them.
1. Energy-efficient node positioning in optical wireless sensor networks
For the future work in this research paper, the placement of nodes will be improved along with the
techniques of sensing. By improving this, real-time signals could be improved by a major extent
(Yan et al. 2019).
2. A survey on green communication and security challenges in 5G wireless communication
networks
In the second research paper, it is observed that the wireless communication networks are used in our
daily life. Hence with a good connection of internet like 5G network, transmission of data can be
highly improves and increased accordingly (Gandotra & Jha 2017).

VII. Conclusion
About the conclusion section, application of wireless communication network is very wide and useful
depending upon the way of usage. Also, communication through wireless networks is increasing day
by day globally. Along with this, end of wires is very close because of the vast benefits and
advantages of wireless communication. Deployment of wireless communication must be done
everywhere for making the data and information transmission very fast and reliable which will always
be on time.
VIII. References.
Yan, Z., Mukherjee, A., Yang, L., Routray, S., & Palai, G. (2019). Energy-efficient node positioning
in optical wireless sensor networks. Optik, 178, 461-466.
Gandotra, P., & Jha, R. K. (2017). A survey on green communication and security challenges in 5G
wireless communication networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 96, 39-61.