Assessment Item 2: Wireless Network Design and Optimization Techniques

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ITC513- Wireless Networking
Assessment item 2
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Task1................................................................................................................................................4
Concept of cell splitting through the help of diagrams....................................................................4
Question2.........................................................................................................................................7
1) Reuse distance if radius is 2Km...............................................................................................7
2) Calls per cell if 8 users, 10 channels and bandwidth 30MHz is given....................................7
3) Calculation of Erlang value if 5% time and average of 60 request/hr is given.......................8
Task3:..............................................................................................................................................8
Design for given cellular architecture..........................................................................................8
Some specific reason why it could have designed this way......................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................12
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Introduction
This paper covers the concept of working wireless technology and the process to create a
network. Wireless networking technology can be used in a different mode of communications. It
can be for networking because of its flexibility and cheaper factors than other running cables.
While it provides a fast and powerful connection and access to the network than the wired
networks. Before going through a different assessment of this paper, it is important to understand
some basic concept of that would be used in wireless connectivity. There are many types of
wireless connections available and the different wireless networks have a different frequency.
This paper also covers the concept of cell splitting and designing network architecture on the
basis of given cellular architecture design. In general term, a cell division is a process under
which a heavily mapped congested cell divided into smaller co-channel cells such that each co-
channel cells have their own base with minimal height of aerial and low power of transmission.
After splitting of cells the actual radius of the cellular architecture get reduce by half. Means R
becomes R/2.
Figure 1Wireless network
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Task1
Concept of cell splitting through the help of diagrams
A wireless signal is most important because it allows to share a different type of data including
audio, video, files or allow access on different platforms without the use of wires.
In a wireless network, cell division is a major concern where a bigger cell splits into several
subcells. The cell splitting is a process where original radius R converts into R/2 or R/4 but the
ratio of co-channel didn’t change. It just increases the capacity of the requires cellular system as
it just increases reuse number of time of a channel. The high number of the cell could be
generated after splitting the cell which increases the count of clusters within a coverage area.
Now after splitting of cells the distance between the two cells also reduce by half and also the
radius of cellular architecture reduces by R/2. Means the new reuse ratio can be calculated by
Q=D/R.
Concept
 The cell splitting in a cellular architecture could help to achieve improvement in the
system.
 A cell split could be increase/unit area while radius will decrease and D/R will remain the
same.
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 It is a process of splitting mess up cell into subcell with a specific base station to each cell
with a reduction of the aerial height and transmission power.
 New cell radius is half of the original cell.
Figure 2 Cell splitting
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This process of splitting reduces the issue of the constrained limit of cell organize by expanding
the limit of the framework and expanding the number of co-direct cells in cell framework. The
part of the cell would be increment by per unit zone by decreasing the first span R of the design.
The part is the procedure of inclusion of radio flag cell destinations in remote system framework
in two new cells. So in beneath chart the way toward part has been definite. Here the cell
organize has been utilized to support the limit of remote correspondence process. inside the
given precedent, cell organize inclusion territory has been parted into new cells to modify the
dimension of intensity by diminishing ethereal stature and decreasing the inclusion zone.
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Figure 3 Splitting of Cells
("Cell Splitting Sectoring", 2019)
Task 2
1) Reuse distance if radius is 2Km
Distance (D)= √3NR
Distance D= 2x(3x12) ½
So, Reuse distance = 12 km.
2) Calls per cell if 8 users, 10 channels and bandwidth 30MHz is given
One duplex channel = 2×(BW of one simplex channel)
= 2×25 = 50 kHz
channels = (30×1000)/50 - 10×12
= 600 – 120
= 480 channels
channels per cell = 480/12 = 40 per cell.
calls per cell = 8×40 = 320 calls per cell.
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3) Calculation of Erlang value if 5% time and average of 60 request/hr is given
The request rate in per second is, λ= 60/3600 = 1/60 requests/second.
The holding time = 5% = 0.05×3600
HT = 5×36 = 180 seconds.
Erlang load
Traffic Rate(A) = Request Rate × HT
A = (1/60) ×80 = 3 Erlangs.
("Frequency Reuse", 2019)
Task3:
Design for given cellular architecture
With the limited resource of frequency, a single cellular wireless connection can handle millions
of subscribers inefficient and on low cost. The total area of the cellular network has been divided
into multiple cells which can handle multiple amounts of the subscriber. In given cellular
architecture used frequencies can be used again and again.
In the given scenario, it is required to propose a design against a given cellular diagram given.
As defined to propose a design a base station, wireless connectivity, aerial and region has been
proposed in a given diagram. To propose an effective design a base station has been located, site
location and multi-array aerial have been used.
In the proposed cellular network on the basis of a given design, will contain a number of
different components and each existing component will interact with an interface that is specified
by the network standards. The proposed design will enable an operator to make use of system
assets of different manufacturers. In given design, I have concluded Motorola base station
system components that are tightly coupled with NSS (Network Switching System). In required
proposed design following major component has been mentions.
Wireless station
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The wireless station will consist of a satellite or sub-components like mobile or fax machine. The
wireless station is a hardware system that can be used by a user to make access in the network.
Base station system
The base station is physical equipment which provides a wireless connection to a limited
geographical area called cells. In the required design GSM BSS, the asset has been located at the
cell site to comprise the digital and RF modules. This module will also consist of two sub-
modules like BSC called Base station controller and Base Transmitter station (BTS).
Figure 4Base station subsystem architecture
The BSC will provide master control to the BSS module and allow communication with MSC.
The BTS will reduce the traffic amount i.e, required to go through BTS and BSC to make it
faster.
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Figure 5 Base Transceiver station within the GSM network
Network Switching Subsystem
NSS called network switching subsystem will consist of mobile service switching center MSC.
The system will provide control over database and processing power of the system
simultaneously.
Cell
In required design cellular network has been used and requires an inspection for deployment and
specific plan for site development. The service area will be cover using a single aerial within the
base station which posses a cell, is a region that can radiate enough power by using aerial and
this power is sufficient to provide service to the user. Within the required design, a microcell in
dense urban has been used.
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Justification
In multiple situations, a user requires for special coverage on the highway, in building, roadway
and etc. So the proposed design is will completely able to assist and provide enough coverage by
using a repeater or independent wireless base station. The required design consists of all required
parameters that have been illustrated and match with diagram given for cellular network.
(CELLULAR NETWORK PLANNING, 2019)
Some specific reason why it could have designed this way
The major objective for the design is to simplify the complex structure of the cellular network by
planning and making the necessary research with assumptions for the base station, wireless
station, cell required and etc. to provide satisfactory service. The network design dimension will
provide a complete overview of the proposed design. The reason for design in an illustrated way
is as follows:
 To design a network architecture a number of base station needed for better coverage.
 The design consists and illustrates about the needed base station component.
 Acceptable successful completion probability
 Well managed interface module with effective re-use rate
 Well managed bandwidth
("Cellular Concepts Introduction", 2019)
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Conclusion
The wireless network design is so tricky because identification of proper cells and formatting to
handle calls is a complex task. This network-based paper consisted of a detailed concept of
cellular cell splitting with help of diagram including concept and reasons which will facilitate the
learner to gain professional skills for cell splitting. The paper also specifies how one can
calculate reuse distance, call per cells handling and other with detail analyzing skills for the
proposal of design.
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