Wireless Networking Technologies: Antenna, Multiplexing, Research

This document provides a comprehensive solution to a wireless networking assignment. It begins by exploring different antenna types, including Yagi, horn, and cellular antennas, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, and predicting future dominant players. The solution then compares and contrasts CDMA and FDMA multiplexing techniques. Finally, the document presents findings on advanced wireless technologies such as RFID, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and NFC, detailing their strengths, weaknesses, and applications. The assignment includes references to support the analysis and findings. This solution offers a valuable resource for understanding and mastering key concepts in wireless networking.

Running head: WIRELESS NETWORKING
Wireless Networking
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s notes

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WIRELESS NETWORKING
(1)Different antenna, such as Yagi, horn, and cellular antennas, etc. has different merits.
Research these technologies in details and pay specific attention to how they are used as well
their strengths and weakness. Provide an opinion regarding which antenna types will become the
dominant players in the future of medium- and long-distance wireless links.
Solution:
There are different types of antennas used for several purposes. Each of them has its own
advantages and disadvantages. Some of them are given as follows:
Yagi Antenna: These types of antennas are used mostly for the purpose of radio and
television reception (Cai, Guo & Bird, 2012).
Strengths: There are several benefits given as follows:
 They are directional. This makes them able to receive signals of lower strength.
They have high gain.
 The design filters of these antennas are able to filter out all types of noise signals.
 The construction of these antennas is able to make them move over any type of
structure.
Weaknesses: These antennas have certain disadvantages as follows:
 The frequency range or the bandwidth of the antennas is limited to some extent.
 In order to get a high gain level, the antenna will be required to be very long in
length.
 Their electrical characteristics are responsible for their degradation.

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Horn Antenna: Horn antennas are used in the process of transmitting and receiving
microwave signal (Bilotti et al., 2012).
Strengths: The benefits are as follows:
 The bandwidth is wide.
 It has simple construction.
 The interface is very easy.
Weaknesses:
 Unfavorable lower frequency.
 Major fluctuation issues.
Cellular Antenna: Cellular antennas are used in case of cell phones (Huang, 2013).
Strengths: Some of the benefits are as follows:
 The operation range is wide.
 They provide high security.
 Interference level is low.
 The bandwidth is more.
Weaknesses:
 They are expensive.
 More complex
The antenna that will become a dominant player in the future is the new digital antenna.
This antenna will play a major role in linking wireless networks. This type of antenna has high

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bandwidth and leads to faster speed for transferring data. It also has better radiation of frequency
that will help in the future.
(2) Compare and contrast the multiplexing techniques CDMA and FDMA in the area of wireless
networking?
CDMA FDMA
Here the spectrum is spread using by using codes
that are orthogonal.
Here the band of frequencies is segmented into sub
bands that are disjoint.
There are several terminals and all of them can
remain active at the same time (Rom & Sidi, 2012).
They remain uninterrupted.
All the terminals present her has its own frequency
that remains uninterrupted.
Channel capacity has no limits but there is a limit
to interference.
The capacity of the cell is limited.
It is a flexible system and there is very less need for
planning frequency.
It is a simple and robust multiple access technique.
The power control required by the senders is very
complicated and the receivers are very complex.
This method is very inflexible as the frequencies
are known to be very scarce.
Every user deals with the same frequency and the
transmission of data takes place in a simultaneous
manner.
The channel remains idle when they senders are not
sending any information.
Solution: CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access and FDMA stands for
Frequency Division Multiple Access (Glisic & Leppänen, 2013). The table below compares and
contrasts the both.

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(3) A local engineering group asks you to present your finding of the most recent advanced
wireless technologies. Research these technologies in details and pay specific attention to how
they are used as well their strengths and weakness. Please submit power point slides in your
answer.
Solution:
Most recent advanced technologies are RFID, Bluetooth technology, Wi-Fi and NFC.
Their strengths and weaknesses are as follows:
RFID: Radio Frequency Identification has certain merits and demerits.
Strengths:
 RFID tags can store more data and information as compared to barcodes.
 This technology has a versatile nature.
 Tag has the write option along with read options.
 Security level is high.
Weaknesses:
 RFID technology is costly.
 The programming part requires more time.
Bluetooth technology:
Strengths:
 It is cost effective.
 Installation is very easy.

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 It is very convenient for connecting different devices.
 It can be used freely if the device already has installed the technology (Heydon,
2013).
Weaknesses:
 It can be easily hacked.
 It is prone to virus attacks if it is installed in cell phones.
 The range in which it can connect devices is less.
 Lose connectivity.
Wi-Fi: This technology helps to gain access to the internet (Liu et al., 2012).
Strengths:
 It provides high convenience to users to access resources online.
 Users can access internet anywhere with the presence of public wifi.
 It can be expanded with ease.
 It is cost effective.
Weaknesses:
 Security is the main issue in wifi technology.
 Its coverage range is suitable for a home connection but not for a large area.
 It has a slower speed as compared to other networks.
 It has huge interference leading to loss of connectivity.
NFC: Near Field Communication plays a major role in the mobile industry.

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Strengths:
 Convenience is the main advantage of this technology.
 It is very versatile and can be applied to various industries.
 It has high level of encryption that makes it suitable for academic areas (Coskun,
Ozdenizci & Ok, 2013).
 It has high security with PIN protection.
Weaknesses:
 It is extremely expensive.
 It becomes difficult for small organizations to install this system.

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References
Bilotti, F., Di Palma, L., Ramaccia, D., & Toscano, A. (2012). Self-filtering low-noise horn
antenna for satellite applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 11,
354-357.
Cai, Y., Guo, Y. J., & Bird, T. S. (2012). A frequency reconfigurable printed Yagi-Uda dipole
antenna for cognitive radio applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, 60(6), 2905-2912.
Coskun, V., Ozdenizci, B., & Ok, K. (2013). A survey on near field communication (NFC)
technology. Wireless personal communications, 71(3), 2259-2294.
Glisic, S. G., & Leppänen, P. A. (2013). Wireless communications: TDMA versus CDMA.
Springer Science & Business Media.
Heydon, R. (2013). Bluetooth low energy: the developer's handbook. Prentice Hall.
Huang, H. (2013). Flexible wireless antenna sensor: A review. IEEE sensors journal, 13(10),
3865-3872.
Liu, H., Gan, Y., Yang, J., Sidhom, S., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., & Ye, F. (2012, August). Push the
limit of WiFi based localization for smartphones. In Proceedings of the 18th annual
international conference on Mobile computing and networking (pp. 305-316). ACM.
Rom, R., & Sidi, M. (2012). Multiple access protocols: performance and analysis. Springer
Science & Business Media.