Wireless Networking Concepts Analysis - Electrical Engineering

This assignment solution delves into wireless networking concepts, exploring different types of antennas like Yagi, horn, and cellular antennas, comparing their advantages and disadvantages. The solution then examines frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA), explaining their mechanisms and applications, particularly in the context of analog and digital transmissions, and satellite communications. The document provides a detailed analysis of these technologies, including their strengths, weaknesses, and future potential in wireless communication. The assignment also includes references to relevant research papers, providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

Running head: WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Wireless networking concepts
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1WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Answer 1:
There are different types of antennas such as yagi, horn as well as cellular antennas. Yagi
antenna is highly directional radio aerial made of various short rods. These are mounted across
insulating support as well as transmitting as well as receiving narrow band of the frequencies.
The antenna includes multiple parallel components in a line, generally half-wave dipoles
developed by metal rods. The key element of Yagi antenna theory has three phases of currents,
which are flowing in additional components of the antenna. On the other hand, a horn antenna or
microwave horn is known as antenna, which includes flaring metal waveguide that is shaped like
a horn for directing the radio waves in beam. In addition, horns are utilized as antennas at UHF
as well as microwave frequencies above the range of 300 MHz (Paschen, 2016). Cellular
antennas are used in conjunction with the powered signal booster such as inline amplifier or the
repeater that are connected directly to the cell phone or the devices with cell phone adapter cable
or the coax adapter. The cellular signal reception has negatively affect through several factors
that include several obstructions.
In yagi antenna there is high gain that provides relatively good range. On the other hand,
yagi has most of the gaining for physical size compared to the other antennas such as log
periodics. The design of yagi antenna can filter out all signal noise that is usually coming from
the opposite directions. It makes yagi preferable antenna for high demand application like
telecommunications. Smart cellular antenna provides increased security as the signals are not
radiated in all direction. However, bandwidth or frequency range is limited. On the other hand, in
order to get beam radiation antennas made with long run. It is helpful for making directional
diagram narrower than the aperture width (Lias et al. 2013). Cellular antennas emphasizes on

2WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
communicating devices that has range of operation increased. It allows the area service to
increase. In addition, there are security facilities for using cellular antenna. However, this type of
antenna is complicated, expensive and larger sized.
Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of three type of antennas, it can be
considered that cellular antenna will become dominant in future of wireless links for having a
number of benefits such as increased bandwidth reduced interference, security as well as
increased range.
Answer 2:
Frequency is a technology through which total bandwidth available to the system divided
into frequencies. The particular division is achieved between the non-overlapping frequencies
assigned to each of the communicating pair. In addition, FDMA is generally utilized for analog
transmission. However, the technology is not able carrying digital information. In this
perspective, it is not considered that efficient method is required for digital transmission. On th
other hand, if the frequencies need handling the customers, it is important to understand the
technology better (Betz, 2013). In FDMA, the entire band of frequencies is usually divided into
several RF channels or carriers. Each of the carriers are allocated to distinctive users. For an
instance, entire frequency band having 25 Mhz is usually divided into 124 RF carriers that has
bandwidth of 200 KHz. In the application of satellite, entire transponder band with 500 HHz is
divided into 24 channels. There are generally two main types of FDMA scheme utilized in
satellite network such as single channel per carrier as well as multiple channels per carrier.

3WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
On the other hand, Code Division Multiple Access has entire bandwidth shared among
several users through unique codes. For an example, CDMA IS-95 standard of entire bandwidth
1.225 MHz can be shared through several codes.
Unlike FDMA, CDMA isolates calls by code. These are labeled with a specific code. The
relevant framework gets a call and distributes type of code to specific discussion. The
information is a part into some little parts. These are labeled with the exceptional code given to
which they are a piece of (Song et al. 2016). The framework can toward the end reassembles to
the provided discussion from coded bits as well as conveys it. CDMA spread the spectrum
through orthogonal codes. Every terminal is active at the same point getting uninterrupted. In
terms of call capacity, there is no absolute limitation on the capacity of channel. However, it is
considered as interface that is limited system. Moreover, it is flexible and has less frequency for
which planning is needed. On the other hand, transmission scheme is continuous. Signal
separation of CDMA has code plus special receivers. However, in CDMA, there is complicated
and more complicated power controls for the senders.

4WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
References
Betz, J. W. (2013). Signal structures for satellite-based navigation: past, present, and
future. Inside GNSS, 8, 34-42.
Lias, K. B., Buniyamin, N., & Narihan, M. Z. B. A. (2013, December). An overview of cancer
thermal therapy technology based on different types of antenna exposure. In Electrical,
Electronics and System Engineering (ICEESE), 2013 International Conference on (pp.
96-101). IEEE.
Paschen, D. (2016, June). Paul Mayes—Series antenna arrays. In Antennas and Propagation
(APSURSI), 2016 IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 1073-1074). IEEE.
Song, Q., Nuaymi, L., & Lagrange, X. (2016, April). Evaluation of multiple access strategies
with power control error and variable packet length in M2M. In Wireless
Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW), 2016 IEEE (pp.
379-384). IEEE.