Wireless Networking Concept: Antenna and Communication Technologies

This report explores wireless networking concepts, focusing on antenna types and communication systems. It begins by discussing radio frequency and AC currents, and then dives into the Yagi antenna, analyzing its strengths and weaknesses, along with its applications. The report then moves on to horn antennas and microstrip antennas, highlighting their advantages and applications in wireless communication. The second part of the report delves into two fundamental wireless communication technologies: FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). It outlines the infrastructure, design, advantages, and disadvantages of each, providing a comprehensive understanding of their roles in mobile system transmission and overall wireless networking.

Running head: WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPT
Wireless Networking Concept
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

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WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPT
1. The radio frequency and the AC currents are basically the information stored in form of data
(Song, Nuaymi & Lagrange, 2016). If there is certain information and it has to be transferred to
the larger distances and in all the direction the radio waves are used. Yagi antennas are used in
television, and cannot be used for the long-range transmission and long frequency. It is used for
using only one frequency. This antenna includes a reflector, single driven element and single or
multiple directors. The Yagi antenna has a dipole for the main radiation of the diving element.
Yagi, Horn and cellular antennas are the some of the antenna used for different purposes.
Strength
 This antenna is responsible for lowering the strength of the signal for gaining the antenna
frequency range.
 The antenna can ascend on vertical poles and on similar type of poles.
 It has a high gain allowing lower strength signals for receiving (Abdulhamid, 2017).
 This antenna is useful in the RF antenna design applicable that requires high gain and
directivity. This helps in gaining the optimum reception and transmission conditions.
Weaknesses
There are some weaknesses of the Yagi antenna in the market. These weaknesses are described
below:
 The antenna cannot gain high levels frequency. Fir achieving it, the antenna becomes
very long.
 The limit of the gain for the Yagi antenna is around 20dB (Li et al., 2016).
 Yagi-Uda array or Yagi antenna is directional antenna it is used for the communication
for the frequency, which is over 10 megahertz.

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WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPT
Horn antenna
The radio waves of the Horn antenna transmit or radiates the vacuum space and the antenna
helps in transmitting structure of both impedance of tube and vacuum space is checked during
transmission (Jariyatantiwait & Yen, 2016). The data is converted into the radio frequency so
that it can be transferred to the large distances and in all directions. The antenna is divided in five
prototypes including exponential, sectorial, pyramid, corrugated and conical. The size of the horn
is very crucial for sending and receiving the signals. Horn antenna as dipole antenna can
minimize the loss of the energy around the edges of the reflector moreover it also minimize the
unwanted signals (Dahiya & Gill, 2016).
Strength
 The horn antenna provides a better experience and efficient performance.
 The horn antenna gain up to 25dB.
 The antenna functions over a broad extent of frequencies and bandwidth.
Microstrip antenna
The microstrip antenna is used in the masses and us a lightweight material. It is very eas1y to
install in the electronic device (Kitsos, 2016). This antenna can be used in the missile system,
GPS, satellite connecting and mobile. Therefore, it is used in a wide range of products in the
world.
Advantages
There are various advantages of the microstrip antenna in the market.
 The antenna has an easy install configuration and generation.

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WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPT
 It has a low cost budget for the customers.
 These antennas have a potential radiators system installed in it.
 The antenna is beneficial for both indirect and direct circular polarization effect.
 This antenna can be easily be collaborated with microwave incorporated circuits.
2. The FDMA and CDMA are two basic type of wireless communication. The multiple access
system is used in mobile system transmission. The infrastructure and design of FDMA
(Frequency division multiple access) is separated into multiple frequency small bands or the sub
frequency bands. The FDMA terminals includes frequency of its own. The signals of the FDMA
technology is generated through the filer process in the frequency domain.
FDMA Infrastructure and design is installed in frequency band that are separated in the multiple
distinct small frequency bands and sub frequency bands.
FDMA terminals
Terminals of FDMA have its frequency that helps in maintaining the continuation fashion.
Signal Prepare
FDMA signals are generated by filtering the frequency domain.
FDMA basic advantage
FDMA is relatively simple, easy to install, configure, and full of elegance
FDMA disadvantage: The frequency available through FDMA is not adequate and frequency is
rigid in nature.
Other features: FDMA is sometimes combined with SDMA, TDMA for better consequences.

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WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPT
CDMA
CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access that is major radio systems used in cell
phones. The infrastructure and design of CDMA is the expansion of the spectrum by applying
the orthogonal codes. The terminals of CDMA can be made active all at once. The signal is
generated in CDMA is through the specially designs codes and receivers. The advantage of using
CDMA is that it is easily adaptable in nature and can be easily installed with less planning. The
disadvantage of using CDMA as users of CDMA increases the quality of the service decreases
and it get self-jammed.
CDMA infrastructure and design: CDMA is designed via expanding the spectrum by
employing the orthogonal codes.
CDMA terminals: All the associate CDMA terminals all at once can be made active in a
continued fashion.
CDMA signal generate: CDMA signals can be generated by specially designed codes and
specially designed receivers.
CDMA basic advantages: CDMA is easy adaptable in nature, requires less planning.
CDMA disadvantages: The receivers are complex in nature and more complicated power
control is necessary for the senders.
Other features: CDMA is combined with the FDMA and TDMA can give better consequences
though this combination procedure is little bit complicated.

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References
Abdulhamid, M. F. (2017). Comparative analysis of distributed power control algorithms in
CDMA. Radioelectronics and Communications Systems, 60(6), 263-271.
Brown, L. V., Zhao, K., Halas, N. J., & Nordlander, P. J. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,372,151.
Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Dahiya, M., & Gill, S. (2016). Secured Bluetooth Authentication Using Artificial Neural
Networks. IJRCCT, 5(5), 244-248.
Jariyatantiwait, C., & Yen, G. G. (2016). 5 by 5 Microstrip Antenna Array Design by
Multiobjective Differential Evolution based on Fuzzy Performance
Feedback. International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research (IJSIR), 7(4), 1-22.
Kitsos, P. (Ed.). (2016). Security in RFID and sensor networks. CRC Press.
Li, L., Li, J., He, B., Zhang, S., & Zhang, A. (2016). A Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip
Antenna with Bandwidth Enhancement. Progress In Electromagnetics Research
Letters, 61, 85-89.