Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Agriculture: A Review

This project provides a comprehensive review of the application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in agriculture. The paper delves into the background and aim of employing WSNs, emphasizing their role in enhancing energy efficiency and computational analysis within smart agriculture. It outlines the methodology, focusing on system components such as data collection, monitoring, and information display, and compares the results with existing solutions. The introduction describes the uses of sensor technology, including its applications in agricultural domains. The project also addresses the limitations of current technologies and the motivation for improvement. The objective is to analyze the significance of WSNs in agriculture, discussing the selection criteria for previous solutions and organizing the paper to present the components and their validation. The paper also defines WSNs and their function in agriculture, and concludes by discussing the advantages of using WSNs in agriculture, the classification groups, validation criteria, and future research gaps.

Stage 3 Template Sample – Review based Projects
Abstract
Background and Aim:
You need to write the background related to the specific problem you are
working on it in your project. You also need to write your project aim that
need to be linked with the specific problem you set.
(PS: Use red color to address the underlined and bold requirements in this
guidelines)
Regarding the augmentation of technological levels and size reduction, sensors have evolved
in every aspect of life. Most importantly, agriculture being the prioritized domain where the
use of the sensor is applied extensively as is comprises of huge profits. Therefore the main
objective of this study of investigating how the WSN processes may influence energy
effectiveness when they are launched. Additionally, how computational analysis can be done
on the WSN components based on their functionality and physicality. Most importantly, there
will be an investigation of the WSN operation simulation frameworks which is employed in
smart agriculture. These objectives aid in acquiring a comparable analysis of the
implemented techniques and methods of linking the data within the systems and its layers.
Additionally, various models will be employed in the majority of the WSN energy saving
systems. Moreover, the selection of sensors and their efficient use in handling agricultural
domain challenges has always been a difficult activity basically involving beginners. This is
as a result of the absence of conglomerated data within the literature. Moreover, the paper
will dig deep into the use of WSN technological applications in dissimilar aspects of
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agriculture and thus portray current systems within the agricultural sphere.
Methodology:
Write about the components of your proposed system, why do you need
these components in your proposed system, name your proposed system,
and mention what does your proposed system do and how.
Based on our topic, the main components of our proposed system will be categorized into
three different phases, they include; Data, monitoring and Display information. These
components are very useful in monitoring agriculture that is based on the network of wireless
sensors. The main reason why the systems are essentials is that it enables computation of the
WSN components. In this paper the use of sensors and their networking systems aid in
agricultural practices in a positive direction. Therefore, being sensor based agriculture,
different terms in the field are currently being utilized for example Precision Agriculture PA,
Variable rate Technology VRT, Smart agriculture, Precision farming, Farming by Inch,
Global Positioning systems GPS Agriculture, Site-specific crop administration, Data-
intensive agriculture, and so on. Although the main underlying issue in general. Thus
improvements in tech have minimized the rate of sensors greatly which has enhanced them to
be used in vast agricultural domains in human living. Therefore, as a result of increased use
of sensor technology, numerous ideas linked to sensors and their accompanying sensors and
networks have initiated great involvement.
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Results:
Compare the results of your proposed system with the state of art results
(first current best).
The existing journal papers are reviewed and the proposed DMD taxonomy is evaluated,
validated and verified based on system comparison, completeness and acceptance criteria. 25
state-of-the-art solution is chosen related to remote monitoring agriculture based on wireless
sensor network which is then used to demonstrate and validate the DMD taxonomy.
Conclusion:
You need to write about your contribution.
Through this paper, the reader will understand the advantages of using wireless sensor
network in Agriculture. Also, the reader will understand the classification groups, validation
criteria, future gaps of the 25 literature reviews about the entire delivery system for the best
outcomes which could be used in agricultural data remote assessment. Hence this highly
exhibits quality use of the internet in agricultural activities.
Keywords:
You need to write keywords related to your project.
Wireless sensor network, Agricultural information monitoring, sensors, Precision
farming
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Introduction
1. Describe the uses of the technology (e.g. Mixed Reality), with the
techniques (e.g. visualisation), in your project domain (e.g. Medical
domain). What is their purpose in that system (e.g. Image Guided
Surgery). How they achieved their purpose (Describe the generic
process steps of the system that uses this technology, linking with the
components of your system, to show the importance of these
components in your project). What are the important of these
components into that technology.
Please notice that you need to add the reference for anything
you write. (PS: Use red color to address the underlined and bold
requirements in this guidelines)
The use of wireless sensors has become trending in every sector of life as a result of the
augmentation of technology and size reduction. Actually is a gadget that has the potential of
evaluating the physical characteristics and turn them into signals that are traceable to the
client. Also, sensor are part of nature and vast capacities of detection are easily seen in
organism inform of bio-sensors. There is the provision of an effective source using the
wireless sensor networks (WSN) which is used in the agricultural acquisition of data as they
easily provide reduced, normal deployment, and no field preservation (Robert, Curry, &
Cole, 2016). Environmental monitoring has evolved from off-line sensors to real-time,
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operational sensor networks and open sensor webs over the past decade. Networks of sensors
are used to collect, store and share the sensed data. Therefore, sensors have acquired data that
takes into account the normal environment and the object itself since they are used in
identifying individuals, their geographical locations, objects, and the condition is identified as
context.
2. What is the technology that you are using in your project. How this
technology has used in your generic domain, and then how has used in
your sub-domain. What are the limitations of this latest technology in
your sub-domain, and link the limitation with your goal and the
improvement you do.
Provide an introductory of the technology and the techniques that are
used in your project, and what are the different domains they used,
and also what are their use related to your specific domain.
Give the reasons that make these type of systems (The systems that
include these technology with the techniques) related to your projects
haven't widely used. In this case, you are going to show the
motivation of working you on the components of your system
(JUSTIFICATION).
Please notice that you need to add the reference for anything
you write. (PS: Use red color to address the underlined and bold
requirements in this guidelines)
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Smart agriculture can be defined as the art and science of enhancing agricultural production
using advanced technology. Wireless sensor network could be a major innovation that drives
the advancement of agriculture. WSNs give conceivable results to sense and accumulate data
of several environmental and crops conditions. However, it may be a challenge for a farmer
to know real-time information of a cultivate field and consolidate personalized climate data at
the same time. Agriculture monitoring is a critical technique in agriculture to decrease
resource waste and increase yields in practices such as irrigation and fertilization, as it
enables farmers to access and make decisions from solid information on environmental, soil
and plant conditions and crop variations. Although crop field monitoring has traditionally
been done with human resources, single-point agrometeorological stations, and sensor wired
networks, this topic plunges into precision farming requires high density and flexible
deployment of tools to collect information in real time (Basagni, Petrioli, Petroccia, &
Spaccini, 2015). WSNs have emerged to provide minimal-cost, efficient, easy-to-use and
high-precision benefits for real-time crop monitoring. In addition, WSNs can cover the field
densely, do not require an earlier telecommunications facility, have reliable signal
transmission, are simple to relocate, are non-intrusive and provide dynamic and mobile
monitoring
3. What is the objective of your project, what are the important of
classifying you the components in your project, what is the gap that
you found in other previous solution and you are going to solve, and
the important of your system output in your domain that you set.
What is the Objective/Goal of your work compared with current studies.
Show the use of the technology with Techniques in your specific
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domain. You need to show the link of this objective with your system
components (what do you propose, How your proposed system is
going to solve them). What is the purpose of this goal (The purpose of
your system components).
(PS: Use red color to address the underlined and bold requirements in
this guidelines)
The main objective of this paper is analyzing the significance of wireless sensor of dissimilar
view of agricultural activities. Thus the structure of the paper is arranged following different
stages they include: first sensors in agriculture are analyzed, and its importance is critically
evaluated. The central idea behind suggesting the grouping is portraying the basis so that
wireless sensing network can be analyzed, assessed and evaluated. Moreover, We purpose to
discuss the components of data, monitoring and display information and how these
components are useful in monitoring the agriculture.
In developing a generic approach to monitoring the agriculture based on wireless sensor
network, we emphasize on the outlined Data, Monitoring and Display components. Here, we
clearly define and enlighten each component that is taking the main role in monitoring the
agriculture parameter and how validation of the process is carried out. We compare the work
with the previous journal paper and for the future, we need to figure out the development in
smart agriculture.
4. How you have chosen your previous solutions to work on them. JUSTIFY
why you chosen some papers out of all your collections to classify.
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What are the criteria that you used to verify your system components
(The criteria you used in your comparision).
(PS: Use red color to address the underlined and bold requirements in
this guidelines)
In this paper, the initial 25 states of art solution are selected in order to categorize and
evaluate the influence of WSN in the agricultural sector. Therefore, initial searches gained
about 367 search outputs, in which about 51 were compatible with the included methods.
Moreover, the inclusion critics which were prioritized included journals which explain more
about the use of remote sensing in agriculture, the system designs involved with the WSN
and the types of sensor nodes of different gadgets. Also, the use of wireless sensing nodes
classification is thus assured centered on system approval, system extensiveness, and system
rationale.
5. What are the steps that you are going to consider in organising your
paper?
Thus a residue of this paper is thus arranged in this format as follows: the significance of
wireless sensor network in agriculture. This is pursued by a discussion in section 2 of the
Literature Review of the previous work. We classify the main components of the approach in
section 3 and then categorize them with the 25 journals in section 4. In section 5, we begin a
system verification. In section 6, we explore the various components that we have not
described well in the previous section and make an effort to point out future work.
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Conclusions are presented in section 7.
6. Give a definition to the technology that you are use in your specific
domain, and show how the technique is work with it.
A WSNs is a huge collection of devices deployed spatially in a network that is connected
wirelessly and automatically transmit data as autonomous elements through multi-hop
connectivity that senses and processes data from a particular phenomenon. The network's
main devices are the sensor nodes as individual embedded systems, each minimally equipped
with a sensor or a set of sensors, a radio frequency transceiver, a microcontroller, a memory,
and a battery or embedded energy harvesting form. These components are capable of sensing,
measuring, processing, and communicating data to nodes. The partially and locally processed
data from the sensor nodes are obtained in sink nodes with higher computational and memory
capabilities to transmit the information to a base station.
Wireless sensor network in agriculture is to collect environmental parameter data (pressure,
air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, radiation, etc.), water parameter (water
electrical conductivity, water salinity, etc.), soil parameters (soil moisture, soil pH, soil
temperature, soil electrical conductivity, etc.) and plant parameters (leaf wetness, leaf
temperature, leaf area index, etc.). Also, WSN can receive data for identification of pests and
diseases, fire detection, pollution detection, detection of nutrients and detection of intruders at
groundwater, soil, plants, and farms. Once the raw data is centralized, it is processed and
analyzed to support decision-making processes and also to create early warnings and provide
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knowledge. Thus, WSNs can affect agriculture if they are accompanied by information
validation, processing, and display platforms and software.
Literature Review
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1. Give an introductory about the GAP in previous studies to show the
difference between your work and other state of art solutions.
The literature review is fundamental in order to have a thorough understanding of one's
supposed location of lookup and to research greater about topics. Andrewartha et al
(2017), describes the significance of conducting a literary review to pick out the location
of research, assessment state-of-the-art, and research the area that desires further research
or contribution. Therefore, the reason of this literature review is to study more about the
area of the subject we will be investigating and to learn from previous work achieved
through different researchers in the field of monitoring agriculture based on wireless
sensor network.
2. Show how the state of art solutions classified their work?. List all your
collections of your journal papers you analysed in organised way.
Provide the details of each including input, output, components,
technique process step of each system. Please be aware, that you
need to consider the components (factors /classes) you identified in
the beginning in your project.
2.1 Data
Indeed, WSN applications are useful in agricultural protection as mentioned by (Bapat,
Kale, Shinde, & Deshpande, 2017) and (Abbasi, Islam, & Shaikh, 2016). The WSN
technology is useful in agricultural monitoring as proved by (Rodriguez, Gualotuna, &
Grilo, 2017) and fester, (Rault, Bouabdallah, & Challal, 2015). (Kyllmar, Forsberg,
Andersson, & Martensson, 2015) and (Robert, Curry, & Cole, 2016) argues about the
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necessity if wireless sensors network application critical for monitoring. (Lin, Miao,
Zhou, & Gu, 2016), agrees that energy efficient authentication is fundamental in
agriculture whereby (Bapat, Kale, Shinde, & Deshpande, 2017) conform to the logical of
efficient authentication useful in planning wireless sensors network coverage as
mentioned by (Ndzi, Harun, Ramli, & Kamarudin, 2015). This research is supported by
(Shi, Sreeram, Zhao, Duan, & Jiang, 2018) and (Cario, Casavola, Lupia, Petrioli, &
Spaccini, 2017), in analyzing long-term wireless sensors network in agricultural
monitoring. (Andrewartha, Elliott, McCulloch, & Frappell, 2016), supports the initiative
of smart agriculture as proved earlier by (Basagni, Petrioli, Petroccia, & Spaccini, 2015)
considering the direction of IoT (Srbinovska, Gavrovski, Dimcev, & Krkoleva, 2015)
mentions the need for smart farming. (Ojha, Misra, & Raghuwanshi, 2015), and can get
all., 2015 argues that wireless sensors are fundamental in agriculture development the
ideology is supported by (Tripathy, Adinarayana, Vijayalakshmi, & Merchant, 2015). On
the other hand, (Zhang, Ren, Sun, & Tang, 2017) and (Pandithurai, Aishwarya, Aparna,
& Kavitha, 2017), recommends the architecture of internet of things(IoT) critical in
agricultural design. This is supported by (Muangprathub, Boonnam, Kajornkasirat, &
Lekbangpong, 2019) and (Dan, Laura, & Nicolae, 2015); (Al-Karaki & Kamal, 2014),
mention a secure and critical scheme necessary for agricultural development.
Thus in order to curb the challenges linked to agricultural data accumulation, it is
recommended that there should be advocating of use of the wireless networking systems.
Consequently, the base station framework often comprises of rigid embedded systems
that acquires, pre-treats, sends and harbour information. Hence, agricultural data remote
sensing results are structured focusing on the WSN and the base station of the research
paper.
2.2 Monitoring
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