Wireless Technologies: SBCs, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and Coverage

This report delves into the realm of wireless technologies, specifically focusing on their application within Single Board Computers (SBCs). It begins by identifying and evaluating the best wireless technology options for SBCs and their associated sensors, with Intel Edison being highlighted as a prominent choice. The report then moves on to compare various wireless technologies, including 802.11, Bluetooth, and ZigBee, analyzing their respective advantages and disadvantages. A significant portion of the report is dedicated to examining the challenges and issues related to wireless coverage, such as signal fading and data rate limitations. The report also explores wireless ad hoc networks and their role in wireless communication. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive overview of the wireless technologies landscape for SBCs, addressing both the technological aspects and the practical considerations of implementation.

Wireless technologies
- IT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1. Best Wireless technology options For SBC's and their sensors..............................................1
2. Other wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, ZigBee and their issues as compared to the
issues of 802.11 wireless.............................................................................................................4
3. Wireless coverage and its issues..............................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Wireless technology refers to the technology that allows people to easily communicate
with each other over long distances without using cables or wires. Wireless technology helps in
transmission of the data and information via internet and this data transfer generally takes place
through Radio waves and antenna via satellite signals. This report is based on the deployment of
the Single Board computers according to the increasing demands of the industries. This study
will provide a clear understanding about the use if the Embedded SBCs which are used in almost
every programming based machines due to its cheapest prices and easy affordability.
Furthermore, it will explore the best Wireless technology option for single Board
computers and various issues of 802.11 as compared to the issues of Bluetooth and Zig Bee. It
will also provide the consequences of Wireless coverage and issues raised with this type of
technology.
1. Best Wireless technology options For SBC's and their sensors
Wireless technologies are the conceptual based technique that can use different type of
hardware devices which monitor and instrument things. It applicable in the industrial equipment,
buildings, cars, warehouse and other items. When developer can develop new IOT solution
which require different software or hardware components that designed, refined through the
iterative process for the purpose of evaluation. Each single board computer has its own
advantages when it comes to choose an operating system. SBC is a compatible with open source
software that updates to get push to mainline. It has checked the item to list is making sure
hardware which include memory management unit. The Single board computer is a type of
project that use often integrates Wi-Fi and Bluetooth for longer range. It is the good alternative
cellular interface.
It is a set up from the micro-controller because they always allow attaching peripheral
devices such as screens, keyboards, mice as well as offering more power and memory. It has a
capability to expand through the different type of stackle expansion boards which known as
raspberry and capes. Many Single board controller devices applicable such as mini pic and run
on the other embedded operating system. It is typically streamline Linux distributions. As a
outcome, many development platform and tools that are available for developing the embedded
application. It also works with the sensor and actuator on the devices than on micro-controller
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boards. SBC are more complex to establish a connection of step up the operations because it has
occurred the problem regarding the SD card and other than the Flash memory.
Single Board computers are the comprehensive unit of computer placed on a single
circuit board with multiple microprocessors, memory, input output etc. These features
contributes towards the overall functionality of the computers (Aalsalem And et.al., 2018).
These units are generally made as a demonstration or development of the technology for
educational as well as various researching purpose. With the advancement of technology in the
world, Single Board computers are the earlier devices which are cost effective and due to their
easy affordability and availability further development in the science and technologies. As these
SBC's consists of the basic structure which consists of various different types of micro
processors which are embedded in the new developed machines based on the Artificial
intelligence. There are wide range of wireless technology is adopted within the single board
computers in order to increase the technological aspects of the SBC's in the form of aiding new
features into it (Sánchez-García, J. and et.al., 2018). The best Wireless technology option for
single board computer Intel Edison. It can be considered as the best option because Intel
Edison helps in delivering the most powerful single-board computer for advanced Internet of
things project. This is a high performance, dual-core CPU which mainly consists of single core
Micro controller which supports complex data collection techniques. This technology consists of
integrated Wifi, Bluetooth, 1 GB DDR and 4 GB Flash memory (Berger‐Tal and Lahoz‐Monfort,
2018). The most efficient and effective wireless technology for Single board computer still
developed is in the form of Wifi which helps in establishing an easy communication between
different large number of people via internet connection. This is Raspberry Pi 3 B Computer
board is used which allows the user with the same Pi as before which helps in double the
Random access memory and a provides a much faster processor within the Single board
computer (Mercer and Leech, D., 2018). It is a credit sized computer which is capable of many
of the things that which is performed by the desktop computers and personal computers such as
spreadsheets, word processing and playing with high definition video games. One of the most
important secret that makes this computer so small and powerful is the Broadcom. The Intel
Edison is a computer on-module that was offered by the Intel as a development system for
wearable devices and internet of things devices. The system was initially announced to be the
same size and shape as an communicating via Bluetooth and Wifi. Wireless sensors mainly used
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to monitor anything from anywhere. They also measure the temperature, humidity, vibration etc.
WS1 Wifi consists of Smart multi sensors Internet of Things Devices which mainly helps in
connecting to the IOT platform via wireless connections. IOT Wifi sensors are versatile devices
which allow the users to connect quickly and inexpensively to the internet. These sensors make
the quite efficient and effective way to establish the connectivity to the large number of people
from anywhere. Wireless Sensors are generally the collection of motes allows the Single board
computers to work together to form a new network. They also allows in collecting and
transmitting the data to the main computers.
Wireless 802.11 IEEE LAN standards is one of the best Wi-Fi technologies that helps in
establishing the connection between two or more devices via wireless means of communication.
802.11 is one of the most recent approved standard (Casciati and et.al., 2019). In 1997, The
institute of Electric and Electronics Engineers created the first WLAN standard which is further
came to known as 802.11 which have supported network bandwidth of almost Mbps. Due to its
slow speed and inefficient accessibility and network access, Therefore, Wireless 802.11 cannot
be considered as the standard option in this rapidly increasing technological world.
However, this standard has initiated various advanced versions after the failure of the 802.11
wireless standards. This can be considered as the core foundation of such standards as all
developers are further focussed towards the improved aspects in terms of different version of
such technology.
A wireless ad hoc network (WANET) or MANET is a kind of decentralised wireless
network which we need to deploy. As the WANET are the self configuration and dynamic
networks which allows in determining the selection of the forward data without the presence of
routers (Karray and et.al., 2018). This technology allows the computer systems to directly
communicate with each other without the presence of intermediate device that is router. It can be
considered as IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set) and this allows the nodes to move freely.
Thus this lacks the complexities of infrastructure setup and administration setup which enables
the devices to create and join networks. However, as compared to the older network technologies
various designed nodes are usually operates with custom hardware such as switches, hub, and
firewalls etc. which forward all the data (Mekonnen and et.al., 2018). Minimal configuration
and quick deployment generally make the ad hoc networks suitable for emergency situations
such as Natural or human induced disasters.
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2. Other wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, ZigBee and their issues as compared to the
issues of 802.11 wireless.
There are several issues faced in using wireless technologies. The issues can highly disrupt
communication and sending of data and information between users. Usually wireless technology
includes RF and IR waves that can helps in transmission of signals. It uses wireless connection to
create a network (Baccour and et.al., 2015). With advancement in technology many new
software and applications are been developed and used in network. It has enabled in increasing
range of network.
Zigbee is a higher level technology that used communication protocols. Through this, PAN
is created with small and low power digital radio. This technology is more effective than
Bluetooth and others. But there are many issues that can be faced if Zigbee is implemented. They
are described below :-
Security- It is major issue faced as Zigbee is having low security features. Also, its security
depends on suite that it uses. Due to its low bandwidth sometimes issues occurs and data is lost.
So, it restricts user to share data and info. However, it results in loss of data due many technical
errors.
Design issue- Zigbee has limited bandwidth so it is difficult to support real time data
transmission. Also, adoption of CSMA limits its access control. So, in order to improve quality
of service overall design is modified.
Access control and message integrity – In zigbee there is lack of access control. This is
because protocol layer prevent user to interact with it.
Comparison of issues in Zigbee and 802.11
Zigbee 802.11
Security is issue as zigbee security features are
dependent on it security suite.
Here, also security is issue but it is more
secured than zigbee.
There is issue in design when quality of service
is improved.
The quality of service can be improved by
implementing routers within network.
There is no open access provided as it uses
PAN and low power digital radio frequency.
There always remain issue of open access as
network range is high.
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So, it can be stated that 802.11 is better as compared to zigbee. This is because of its
bandwidth and range which enables in creating a strong network and ease in sharing of data and
info. Besides this, in design 802.11 is more flexible and simplified. Its range can be increased by
implementing router. Moreover, it follows certain standards that make it easy to establish a
network. The standards ensure that devices and technologies are installed and verified. This is
beneficial in solving of issues and maintaining performance of network.
3. Wireless coverage and its issues
Wireless coverage refers to a specified area to which signals are transmitted. Generally, it
means the range till which signals are transmitted. It is stated that till a particular distance signals
are strong and is easily reached, but beyond that distance it becomes weak. This results in
network break down and connectivity (Wireless network coverage. 2016). Moreover, the range
of network depends on type of wireless technologies used. Basically, WAN is having highest
range and PAN is lowest (Agrawal and Zeng, 20152018). Basically, there are different
interruptions in coverage which makes it difficult to maintain connectivity and speed. This
technology has provided ease in developing a network. There are several issues that occur in
wireless coverage. This results in poor connectivity and break down of network. Due to this
quality of service is impacted which restricts user to remain connected within network. So, many
measures are been taken to ensure issues are solved. The issues are described below :-
Signal fading – This is the major issue that occurs in it. Sometimes, the signals transmitted may
not reach receiver due to fading. This makes signal weak, in this case data signal are received by
is not recognised by receiver. It causes loss of data.
Data rate- It is another issue occurred in wireless coverage. The data rate refers to rate at which
data packets are transmitted in network. The change in rate creates interruptions in receiving
transmission. Thus, data like audio and video are not properly transmitted. It also reduces speed
within connection.
Security – It is major concern in wireless network. More the coverage of network more will be
threat of security. This becomes easy for to hacker to enter in network and hack crucial data and
info. The unauthorised access results in loss of data.
Quality of service – When wireless coverage is more the quality of service degrades. Any loss
due to transmission error results in interruption (Al-Ali and et.al., 2018). Due to this users are not
able to get high quality service. Thus, they are not satisfied with wireless technology used.
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Physical obstruction – Network coverage also gets failed due to some physical obstruction as
well. For examples trees, walls and other objects may weaken coverage area. In this situation it
may be difficult to transmit data.
Thus, these are all issues that occur in network coverage. It weakens transmission of signal
due to which speed is reduced. Besides this, sometimes physical obstruction also is a barrier in it.
These issues are common and it highly impacts performance and speed of network. Hence, it is
necessary to resolve these issues so that integrity and security of network is maintained.
CONCLUSION
From the above study, it can be concluded that Wireless technology is one of the
effective development within the world which have transformed the power to transmit signals
from one place to another. It has also provided a clear understanding about the use of the Single
Board computers in order to develop the embedded systems. This assignment has explored
various advancement in the technology as which has been rapidly grown but one thing remain
constant is the use of single board computers in development of the further AI machines.
Moreover, this report has provided various significance of emerging issues in 802.11
wireless technologies as compared to the issues raised in Bluetooth and Zig Bee. Also, there are
various Wireless coverage issues that are associated with the implication of the Wireless
technology within the live. Best Wireless technology used in Single board computers are also
examined in this assignment.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aalsalem, M.Y. And et.al., 2018. Wireless Sensor Networks in oil and gas industry: Recent
advances, taxonomy, requirements, and open challenges. Journal of Network and
Computer Applications. 113. pp.87-97.
Agrawal, D.P. and Zeng, Q.A., 2015. Introduction to wireless and mobile systems. Cengage
learning.
Al-Ali, A. and et.al., Masimo Corp, 2018. Wireless patient monitoring device. U.S. Patent
Application 10/149,616.
Baccour, E. And et.al., 2015, March. A survey of wireless data center networks. In 2015 49th
Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Berger‐Tal, O. and Lahoz‐Monfort, J.J., 2018. Conservation technology: the next generation.
Conservation Letters, 11(6), p.e12458.
Casciati, F. and et.al., 2019. Framing a satellite based asset tracking (SPARTACUS) within
smart city technology. Journal of Smart Cities. 2(2). pp.40-48.
Karray, F. and et.al., 2018. A comprehensive survey on wireless sensor node hardware
platforms. Computer Networks.
Mekonnen, T and et.al., 2018. Energy consumption analysis of edge orchestrated virtualized
wireless multimedia sensor networks. IEEE Access. 6. pp.5090-5100.
Mercer, C. and Leech, D., 2018. Cost-Effective Wireless Microcontroller for Internet
Connectivity of Open-Source Chemical Devices.
Sánchez-García, J. and et.al., 2018. A survey on unmanned aerial and aquatic vehicle multi-hop
networks: Wireless communications, evaluation tools and applications. Computer
Communications. 119. pp.43-65.
Online
Wireless network coverage. 2016. [Online] Available through : <
https://study.com/academy/lesson/wireless-network-coverage-definition-limitations.html
>
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