Annotated Bibliography on Gender Performativity of Women in IT

This annotated bibliography reviews ten peer-reviewed journal articles (2010-2019) focusing on gender performativity of women in the Information Technology (IT) industry. The assignment begins with an introduction to the keywords, databases, and search strategies used. The body of the assignment provides detailed summaries of each article in alphabetical order by the first author's last name, including their aims, methods, findings, theoretical constructs, research philosophy, and contribution to knowledge, along with an evaluation of the paper in light of the existing literature. The articles address various aspects of women's roles and performance in IT, including the impact of gender diversity on company performance, the underrepresentation of women in top management, the use of smartphones to improve workplace performance, and the influence of ICT implementation on gender roles. Each summary includes a concise overview of the article's key points and its relevance to the broader study of gender dynamics in the IT workplace. The theoretical constructs used include gender heterogeneity, social construction, and organizational management theory. The assignment concludes with a synthesized argument linking the findings of the reviewed articles to the overall objective of understanding and analyzing gender performativity in the IT sector.

Running head: GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF WOMEN
GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF WOMEN IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF WOMEN
Introduction
Keywords: women, information technology, information technology industry, IT workplace,
gender performativity, productivity
The study focuses on the effective analysis of gender performativity of women in the
Information Technology industry. Women have worked alongside men providing the same and
in certain cases better productivity to the various organizations operating across various
industries. The study focuses on reviewing the present literatures concerning the gender
performativity of women in the IT industry. The study is effective in determining the value of
productivity that women can provide to the information technology organizations. It is important
to consider the fact that the gender performativity is an important topic in light of the traditional
views existing concerning the stereotypical notion of the job roles of males and females at
various workplaces. 10 journals have been considered for review to bring out the best results
from the study. Women in the IT industry have often in the past faced intimidating situations
concerning the notion of the management in regards to their performance capabilities. Presently,
across the IT corporate sectors there is a constant shift towards the creation of more gender
neutral workplaces. In view of the same the recent literatures have variedly evaluated the
performativity of women at IT workplaces.

2GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF WOMEN
Bardasi, E., Sabarwal, S. and Terrell, K., 2011. How do female entrepreneurs perform?
Evidence from three developing regions.
Small Business Economics,
37(4), p.417.
The article has analysed the performance gaps in between the males and the females in
the companies of various regions – Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Sub-Saharan Africa.
The article has talked about the fact that the technology companies who prioritize the element of
the gender diversity gets 5.4 % more return when compared to the companies which are less
gender diverse. The article has elaborated on the fact that the revenue of a company increases in
the event of the women occupying the top positions in the management. The article has talked
about the fact that there remains gender discrimination against the women within the framework
of the information technology industry that hampers the performance of the women. Gender
diverse team helps in representing the customer in a better manner which helps in driving the
performance of a business. The theoretical construct that has been used pertains to gender
heterogeneity that can help in instilling the creativity in the employees of a company. The paper
has been able to contribute to the knowledge as it has elaborated on the fact that the creativity
perspectives of the men and the women can help in strengthening the performance of the women
within the framework of the information technology industry. The article has stated that the
women get a large amount of returns in the event of acting as the entrepreneurs within the
domain of the information technology industry.
Brady, D., Isaacs, K., Reeves, M., Burroway, R. and Reynolds, M., 2011. Sector, size,
stability, and scandal: Explaining the presence of female executives in Fortune 500
firms.
Gender in Management: An International Journal,
26(1), pp.84-105.
The article has talked about the fact that the women are underrepresented within top echelons of
the large corporations. The study has revealed the fact that the women have less chances of becoming
the chief executive officers and the chief operation officers within the information technology industry. The
firms that have great amount of assets along with the sales growth have less chances of having the
female executives. The article has stated that female attrition rates have been found to be higher in the
technology industry when compared to the other non-STEM fields. The women in the information
technology industry have more chances of leaving the organization after a few years as compared to the

3GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF WOMEN
women who are working within the non-STEM professions. The theoretical construct that have been used
in relation to the article pertains to social construction. The people can be said to be active in relation to
the perception along with the understanding which is acquired with the help of the social milieu. The
individuals in the society can create the meaning on the basis of the social environment that they get
around them. The article has been able to contribute to the knowledge as it has talked about the
characteristics in a firm can help in indicating whether the women would be able to perform in an effective
manner in the information services company.
Crowe, R. and Middleton, C., 2012. Women, smartphones and the workplace: pragmatic
realities and performative identities.
Feminist Media Studies,
12(4), pp.560-569.
The study focuses on the use of smartphones by women to help improve their workplace
performances. The study considers how the performativity of women is increased by the
smartphone usages of the women at various workplaces. The study focuses on the effective
usage of smartphones among the women to optimize their work functions. Women were in many
cases found to make more effective usages of smartphones and similar devices to gain workplace
advantage. The underlying theoretical framework used is the development of the better work
management by professionally using the smartphones and similar communication devices. It is
evident that the women at the various IT workplaces are increasingly using their smartphones not
as a disruption but rather as a motivating factor that can help to reap better rewards from the
workplace operations. Maintaining better productivity and improving the functions of
accessibility, professionalism and responsiveness are the important factors that have been
focused in the study. It is important to remember in this case that many women have taken more
professional attitudes while handling their work-life balance. This is important in the context of
workplace performativity as women in the study were found to be more responsive to the idea of
utilizing personal devices for professional usage. This is a significant work in the field of
understanding gender performativity. The paper contributes greatly towards the knowledge and
understanding of gender functions at workplaces. It is important in light of literatures that have
focused on the job behaviors of women in the various workplaces.
Dezsö, C.L. and Ross, D.G., 2012. Does female representation in top management improve
firm performance? A panel data investigation.
Strategic Management Journal,
33(9),
pp.1072-1089.

4GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF WOMEN
The article has stated that in the last decades the women have made the inroads into the
domains which were traditionally dominated by the men. It has been found that the women make
up a third of the U.S managers in the information technology industry and they are
underrepresented within the top level of the corporate hierarchy. The representation of the female
in the top management has implications for the competitiveness of a firm. The article has stated
that the representation of the females in the top management can help in improving the
managerial task performance. It can pave the path for the better firm performance in the event of
a firm eliminating the barriers that that prevents the advancement of the women. The theoretical
model that have been underpinned by the article is that the representation of the females in the
top management can have a positive impact on the performance of a firm. The article has
elaborated on the fact that in the event of the women joining the management team, team has the
tendency of growing more diverse pertaining to the social categorization along with the
information. The women exhibits the interactive leadership style which helps in emphasizing on
the element of the inclusion. The article has been able to contribute to the knowledge as it has
that presence of women on the boards helps in showing that the culture of the firm has been
friendly to the women.
Gond, J.P., Cabantous, L., Harding, N. and Learmonth, M., 2016. What do we mean by
performativity in organizational and management theory? The uses and abuses of
performativity.
International Journal of Management Reviews,
18(4), pp.440-463.
The article is in regards to the effective analysis of the concepts related to organizational
performativity in light of the organizational and management theories. The organizational
management theories have been evaluated in the light of the gender performativity and gender
perception at workplaces. The study does not consider any workplace example but is rather a
literature review of the various works related to organizational management. The various
literatures that have been consulted have effectively pointed towards the fact that organizational
management and organizational gender performativity have provided great insights into the
gender stereotypes present at the workplaces. The findings suggest that it is no very much
important to overcome the performativity gender stereotypes to create a better gender neutral
work environments. The underlying theory of organizational management is focused towards the

5GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF WOMEN
systematization of work functions to develop better performance setup in the workplace. It is
important that the functional areas of work are studies in terms of the gender barriers present are
studied through better future researches. The base of the OMT and gender based researches are
effectively provided through the study. The multiple business concepts can in the future be
effectively aligned with the similar studies in the future. The study is important in the light of
similar OMT oriented gender studies in the future. It can provide better strategic development of
gender neutral workplace environments in the future.
Halford, S., Lotherington, A.T., Dyb, K. and Obstfelder, A., 2010. Un/doing gender with
ICT?.
NORA—Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research,
18(1), pp.20-37.
The article focuses on the usage of ICTs at workplaces and its implications on gender
roles at the workplaces. The ICT implementation context is in the hospitals of the various Nordic
countries. The implementation of the ICT and the ICT usage by women are important aspects
that have been considered for the research. ICT implementation have been found to be related to
positive workplace development concerning gender neutrality. This is because ICT were found
to create a better communicational framework for increasing the communication between both
male and female workers any organization. The work is important in light of the prospects for
the effective development of gender neutral ICTs at workplaces. In view of the IT industry ICTs
form the core elements of the workplace environments. Hence it is important to consider the
value of the ICTs in the development of workplaces where no communication barriers are
present due to gender issues. At the same time the development of effective strategies for
improving the ICT frameworks that are to be implemented need to be reviewed in accordance of
their gender oriented factor. The research has shed important light on the value of development
of better workplace performativity of women. The value of ICTs in determining the gender
neutral work standards at various organizations can be better understood from the study in the
future.
Kelan, E.K., 2010. Gender logic and (un) doing gender at work.
Gender, Work &
Organization,
17(2), pp.174-194.

6GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF WOMEN
The article is focused toward evaluating how gender roles can be assumed at the various
workplaces. Subsequently, the focus of the study is towards understanding how the gender roles
at the workplaces can be undone. In regards to the same the gender logics can be deconstructed.
The study is mostly concerned with how ethnomethodological, poststuctural and discursive
approaches can be used towards forming better notions about how the gender roles in any
organization can be undone. It is important to understand that the gender undoing is important in
workplaces. The theoretical frameworks evaluate the gender perspectives that are present at the
various workplaces and how they tend to affect the development of relationships between the
office and especially the women that work at these organizations. The participation of women
within the given organization and similar researches in the future can be greatly benefitted by the
study. The consideration of the methods are much important in this case. There is a need for
developing better understanding of undoing gender at work. This is because this is directly
related to the performativity of the women at the various workplaces. The contribution of the
study is more towards the understanding of the gender approaches at the various workplaces. The
research value of gender, work and organization have been greatly optimized through the study.
Marlow, S. and McAdam, M., 2013. Gender and entrepreneurship: Advancing debate and
challenging myths; exploring the mystery of the under-performing female
entrepreneur.
International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research,
19(1),
pp.114-124.
The article has stated that the sectorial concentration of the women in relation to
entrepreneurship helps in highlighting the fact that the women are horizontally segregated into
that of the service work. The women have the tendency of pursuing the flexible working pattern
which is in response to that of the socially constructed expectations. The article has discussed
that the number of the women in the information technology sector are less when compared to
the men as there is a perception in the society that the women would not be handle the pressure
that is found in the industry of information technology. The differential treatment that is meted
out to the women in the industry hampers their performance and it has a negative effect on a
firm. The constrained performance of the women can be said to be synonymous with the under-
performance of the women. The women are encouraged in the present age in beginning the new

7GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF WOMEN
ventures in the high performing sectors that revolves around science, engineering and the
technology. The article has brought out that the masculinised fraternal culture that prevails in the
information technology industry has an effect on the performativity of the women. The women
in the sector do not feel encouraged that hampers their performance within the boundaries of the
information technology sector. There exists the masculinist culture in the organization that has a
detrimental effect on the performance of the women.
Proctor-Thomson, S.B., 2014. Feminist futures of cultural work? Creativity, gender and
di erence in the digital media sector. Inff
Theorizing Cultural Work (pp. 151-162).
Routledge.
The study focuses on the organizational cultures that can be made more gender effective
through the essential consideration of the feminist perspectives. The study focuses on the
development of better workplace diversity and within it focuses on the evaluation of the feminist
perspectives. The study has very importantly brought forward that the women are still not
included in the workplace cultures of the offices. The study proposes that more gender neutral
workplaces can be effective towards determining greater productivity of the women that work in
these organizations. The workplaces of today are increasingly being optimized to ensure the free
and effective participation of the women workers. The study is important as it considers the IT
sector industries to understand the factors that still limit the effective participation and the
performativity of the women. The study is effective in light of the creation of better performance
opportunities for women at the various workplaces. It is important to consider the research in
light of the subject in general as the research has provided an effective foundation for the
development of better understandings of the performativity of women in the future in the IT
industry.
Watson, J., 2012. Networking: Gender differences and the association with firm
performance.
International Small Business Journal,
30(5), pp.536-558.
The article has stated that the women are underrepresented within the science along with
the technology courses and it paves the path for less number of women within the sector of the
information technology. The achievement gap is reducing in the mathematics along with the

8GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF WOMEN
science however it would take considerable amount of time in increasing the participation of the
women within the information technology sector. The article has brought out that overall
representation of the women within the technology companies is a lot lesser as compared to the
men in the present age. The jobs related to science and the technology attract lesser number of
women and the women who advance to the managerial positions are significantly less when
compared to the men. There are a large number of women who move out of the engineering roles
and this declines the number of the women who are in the information technology sector. The
article has stated that the companies which hire more number of the women can gain the
innovative advantage in a company. The article has stated that the women can outperform the
male colleagues owing to areas of the emotional intelligence along with the interpersonal skills.
Involving more number of women in the sector of the information technology can help in
bringing positive benefits for a company.
Conclusion
The arguments that have been put forward in all the articles that have been reviewed
mostly put forward the idea that more gender neutral workplaces contribute more towards the
performativity of women at the workplaces. The objective was to find the important factors that
guide the productivity of women at the various workplaces. It is important to understand that the
workplaces are increasingly becoming places where productivity matters most irrespective of the
gender stereotypes that are present. In light of the same the relevant literatures point to the fact
that the workplaces are important areas for improving the functional abilities of the women. The
studies very importantly point out the importance to provide women more opportunities to
perform effectively within the various organizations.

9GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF WOMEN
Bibliography
Bardasi, E., Sabarwal, S. and Terrell, K., 2011. How do female entrepreneurs perform? Evidence
from three developing regions. Small Business Economics, 37(4), p.417.
Brady, D., Isaacs, K., Reeves, M., Burroway, R. and Reynolds, M., 2011. Sector, size, stability,
and scandal: Explaining the presence of female executives in Fortune 500 firms. Gender in
Management: An International Journal, 26(1), pp.84-105.
Crowe, R. and Middleton, C., 2012. Women, smartphones and the workplace: pragmatic realities
and performative identities. Feminist Media Studies, 12(4), pp.560-569.
Dezsö, C.L. and Ross, D.G., 2012. Does female representation in top management improve firm
performance? A panel data investigation. Strategic Management Journal, 33(9), pp.1072-1089.
Gond, J.P., Cabantous, L., Harding, N. and Learmonth, M., 2016. What do we mean by
performativity in organizational and management theory? The uses and abuses of
performativity. International Journal of Management Reviews, 18(4), pp.440-463.
Halford, S., Lotherington, A.T., Dyb, K. and Obstfelder, A., 2010. Un/doing gender with
ICT?. NORA—Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 18(1), pp.20-37.
Kelan, E.K., 2010. Gender logic and (un) doing gender at work. Gender, Work &
Organization, 17(2), pp.174-194.
Marlow, S. and McAdam, M., 2013. Gender and entrepreneurship: Advancing debate and
challenging myths; exploring the mystery of the under-performing female
entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 19(1), pp.114-124.
Proctor-Thomson, S.B., 2014. Feminist futures of cultural work? Creativity, gender and
di erence in the digital media sector. Inff Theorizing Cultural Work (pp. 151-162). Routledge.
Watson, J., 2012. Networking: Gender differences and the association with firm
performance. International Small Business Journal, 30(5), pp.536-558.