Gender Inequality and Women's Political Participation in UK and China

This report examines the contributions of women in politics within the United Kingdom and China, highlighting the impact of gender inequality and cultural differences on their participation. The report begins with an executive summary and table of contents, followed by an introduction outlining the historical context of women's involvement in politics in both countries. Research questions address the background of gender inequality, the position of women in politics, the outcomes of inequality, and the influence of politics on culture. A literature review explores the cultural factors that contribute to gender disparities, including affirmative action policies in the UK and the role of organizations like the All-China Women’s Federation. The research methodology includes an inductive approach, explanatory research design, and data collection from secondary sources. The report also details the sampling method, time schedule, and ethical considerations. The conclusion emphasizes the limitations on women's political power in both countries due to cultural and societal factors, and the references provide a list of sources used in the research.

Running Head: WOMEN IN POLITICS
Women in Politics of China and UK
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

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Executive summary
The purpose of this report is to analyse the women’s contribution in politics. The report outlines
a research proposal on this topic. While analysing the women’s contribution to UK and China’s
politics. The women plays a specific role in the country’s politics. Though they barred from the
high level politics due to gender inequality in both the countries. The cultural difference is also
one of the main factors that consist of this gender difference in politics.

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Research questions...........................................................................................................................4
Literature Review............................................................................................................................4
Research approach...........................................................................................................................5
Research design...............................................................................................................................6
Data collection process....................................................................................................................6
Sampling method.............................................................................................................................6
Time Schedule.................................................................................................................................7
Conclusions......................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9

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Introduction
UK’s parliament known as House of Commons is one of the most essential authoritative
body in the country. They are also believer of the gender equality. The House of Commons gave
the power to women to stand for election as a Member of the Parliament as by the Qualification
of Women Act 1918 (Neuman 2016). On the other hand, China has politically barred women
from politics from highest level. There are almost six female members in the Party Central
Committee members. However, traditional Patriarchal members are still present in the society.
Research questions
The research questions are
 What is the background of gender inequality in Britain and China?
 What is the position of Women in politics in the two countries?
 What is the outcome of gender inequality in the countries with respect to politics in the
two countries?
 What are the impact of politics in the culture and how it affects the society?
Literature Review
The culture of country’s are defined as the collective and collaborative mental
programming of human kind. As an affirmative action the UK authorities has used an affirmative
action to shortlist female candidates in response to sex discrimination (Election Candidates) Act
2002 (Daybell 2017). As the House of Commons holds more than 650 members, nearly 29 % of
the ministers are female (Staudt 2012). Though there are not many bars on the female’s way to
the politics, there is also not a reasonable outcome in the process. China faces this gender

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inequality in their society too as there are less female candidates in all the existing party. Though
there is certain number of candidates, n China of the female gender the lack of power makes their
position less effective in nature. The All-China Women’s Federation consists of women to
reserve the rights of them in politics. It is also regarded as promoting the government policies on
women. This governing body ACEF both works as a federation and non-profit authority
(Matthews and Ross 2014). It also has been seen that the women in China suffers from a lack of
understanding of the authority’s demands and jurisdiction. Societies are programmed in the same
way. This is the factor in which the business decides its expansions rules too. The difference
between the individuals is also very important. The values and ethics are also decided in this
context. The individualism and masculinity is high in UK. However, the uncertainty avoidance
and indulgence is relatively low in the British society compared to China where as the
individualisms low. China is high in collectivist culture. Employee commitment is relatively low
in organisations (Matthews and Ross 2014). China’s society is driven by the competition and
society’s indulgence is restrained in nature. Country’s nature is oriented towards long-term and
pragmatism. Therefore, the women in politics are a vast subject in the company. The power
distance is high in China rather than UK, which shows its inequality in gender, and leader-
subordinate relationship is unequal and power abuse by superiors are high.
Research approach
There are two kinds of approach in research. Here, the inductive approach will be
selected to conduct the approach. The inductive way of approach is different from the deductive
approach as this proves a theory that is different from inductive way of approach (Reynolds et al.
2014). In this approach, the data will be collected from different sources, then the data will be
analysed. In this proposal, the UK and China’s politics will be studied and Women’s contribution

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in the country’s politics will be analysed. In this approach, the author also must have an open
mind towards theories.
Research design
There are three designs of research Exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. The
exploratory way of research is based on a background information and problem statement found
in the project (Stage and Manning 2015). The explanatory way of research is based on the
reasons of the problems and underlying research objectives. In addition, descriptive way of
research is known as to focus on the objectives and findings of the research. In this particular
research, the explanatory way of research is chosen to conduct the research. As the explanation
of the gender, inequality and their contribution in politics will be explained in the research.
Data collection process
The data will be collected from the secondary resources and will be analysed to get the
proper outcome. The data will be collected from secondary sources like reviewing authentic and
peer-reviewed journals, articles, online news articles and blogs (Bryman 2015). The online
government sites will also be analysed in this research process. To gauge the culture difference
of UK and China, the governmental sites will be useful to gauge the affect of gender inequality
in the country’s politics (Neuman 2016).
Sampling method
The exclusion and inclusion technique will take to investigate the journal article. This
will be specified in the criteria for selecting the articles. Thematic analysis of the articles and

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samples will be done on the selected articles. The patterns in the political role of women in the
country will be analysed in this research (Bryman 2015).
While doing the research the ethical issues will also be considered. The survey will be
conducted in a systematic approach and the reliability and validity of the research will be
maintained. The authenticity of the journals will be kept in mind while researching while
research. The proper rights of the authority on the articles and journals will be maintained.
Time Schedule
week
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Milestones
Introduction
Design of research aims
objectives
Structure of the design
Formulating the research
questions
Literature review
Researching the journals
Finding the relevant culture
and social relationships
models for analysis
Methodology
Outlining and selecting the
sample for research
Identification of sample
tools and techniques
Thematic analysis
Findings and analysis
Ananlysis the data
Conclusion
Summarising the research
Recommendataion from
the data interpreted

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Conclusions
Therefore, it can be concluded that the women’s power in politics is restrained in UK and
China. There are certain difference that contributes to this factor. The cultural difference is also
one of the main factors that consist of this gender difference in politics.

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References
Afshar, H. ed., 2016. Women and empowerment: Illustrations from the Third World. Springer.
Bryman, A., 2015. Social research methods. Oxford university press.
Daybell, J. ed., 2017. Women and politics in early modern England, 1450–1700. Routledge.
Matthews, B. and Ross, L., 2014. Research methods. Pearson Higher Ed.
Neuman, W.L., 2016. Understanding research. Pearson.
Reynolds, D., Creemers, B., Nesselrodt, P.S., Shaffer, E.C., Stringfield, S. and Teddlie, C. eds.,
2014. Advances in school effectiveness research and practice. Elsevier.
Stage, F.K. and Manning, K. eds., 2015. Research in the college context: Approaches and
methods. Routledge.
Staudt, K.A., 2012. Policy, politics & gender: Women gaining ground. West Hartford, CT:
Kumarian Press.

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