Analyzing Women's Under-representation in Bahrain's Banking Leadership

This report investigates the lack of female representation in top management positions within Bahrain's banking sector. It explores the various obstacles faced by women in the financial industry, including both professional and social factors. The study uses both real-time and secondary data to analyze the current situation and identify the reasons behind the under-representation. The research aims to provide recommendations for increasing the number of women in leadership roles, emphasizing the importance of diversity for improved decision-making and organizational performance. The report also touches upon the cultural and social aspects influencing women's participation in the Bahraini financial sector and suggests ways to promote sustainability and career advancement for women in banking.

Running head: WOMAN IN BANKING SETOR IN BAHRAIN
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Dearth of Women Representation in the Top Management in the Banking Sector in Bahrain

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Abstract
At the time of working in the financial sector or the banking area, female
representatives face a few obstructions based on skill and social factors. Several components
are there due to which the Bahrain Banking Sector is affected in terms of women labour. The
point of this examination is to discover the deficiency of Women Representation in the best
administration of the Banking Sector in Bahrain while dissecting the constant and optional
information gathering. The examination destinations of this exploration have been made
according to the point of the investigation while adjusting the extent of the examination to it.
It has been discovered that there is a requirement for assorted variety inside the board
individuals and this must be finished by instigating female administrators into the
administrative positions. Reports explains that an organization will probably experience a
disappointment when financial crisis takes place in the country. Expanding of the social and
the social mindfulness and advancement of the support of the ladies in all the administration
positions to build the chance of the ladies to lead the managing an account and the budgetary
segment. The advancement of the maintainability of the women in the Bahraini money
related area needs the proceeded with worry of the experts for the successful improvement of
the systems. It would empower the women’s efficiency, work and quickening advancement in
the profession that empowers them to take up the difficulties of administration position.

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Contents
Introduction.......................................................................................................................4
Background of the study:..............................................................................................4
Rationale of the study:..................................................................................................5
Research aim:................................................................................................................6
Research objective:.......................................................................................................6
Research question:........................................................................................................6
Structure of the study:...................................................................................................6
Literature review...............................................................................................................7
Introduction:.................................................................................................................7
Women leadership and persuade on the institution performance and the economic
growth:...................................................................................................................................8
Females CEOs and chairwomen are more conventional:...........................................10
Female leaders and Glass Cliff and Glass Ceiling theoretical factors:.......................12
Current situation of women in the Bahraini Banking Sector:.....................................15
Feminism:...................................................................................................................17
Summary:....................................................................................................................19
Literature gap:.............................................................................................................21
Research methodology....................................................................................................22
Method outline:...........................................................................................................22
Research onion:..........................................................................................................23
Figure 1: Research Onion...............................................................................................23
Research philosophy and justification:.......................................................................23

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Research approach and justification:..........................................................................24
Research strategy and justification:............................................................................24
Data collection method:..............................................................................................25
Questionnaires:...........................................................................................................25
Sample size:................................................................................................................26
Data analysis method:.................................................................................................27
Ethical consideration:.................................................................................................28
Summary:....................................................................................................................28
Data collection and findings...........................................................................................29
Data presentation:.......................................................................................................29
Data analysis and findings:.........................................................................................34
Figure 2...........................................................................................................................38
Conclusion and recommendation...................................................................................39
Conclusion:.................................................................................................................39
Linking with objectives:.............................................................................................41
Recommendation:.......................................................................................................41
Limitation:..................................................................................................................43
Future scope of the study:...........................................................................................43
References:.....................................................................................................................44
Appendix:.......................................................................................................................51

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Introduction:
Background of the study:
In this period of modernization, it is very essential to join female portrayal in the higher
post all together to acquire and flourishing the business and additionally correspondence in
the general public. Gender assorted variety can be considered as a noteworthy authority
concern and it is identified with the distribution of the monetary assets and human gifts.
Sexual orientation different working environment forces positive effect on the association as
well as urges the general public to be dynamic. As indicated by specialists, enlisting a
demographically different working environment can possibly upgrade the monetary
execution of the association. A few favourable circumstances of a sexual orientation assorted
group can be called for attention. Considering the way that gender diversity showcase bits of
knowledge and ideas and additionally the women in a group furnishes the group with better
critical thinking abilities that thus it helps a business to grow and manage the various factors
easily. Aside from that, a gender assorted working environment has been found to give a
simpler access to the assets that incorporate different wellsprings of data and credit and more
extensive industry information. Not just that a workforce which is gender differing, enables
the organization to serve an undeniably different shopper base.
While the previously mentioned factor are the central preferences of selecting female
representatives alongside male workers, a few positive effect on the general public can
likewise be brought up. Study shows that nations with more gender diversity organizations
exhibit progressiveness and freedom of women contrasted with nations where ladies are no
permitted to have an expert existence. It has been discovered that gender diversity topic has
been bring down in the Asian and the Pacific countries in contrast with Europe and North
America to evaluate the leadership of women. Among every one of the nations over the
world, 22 nations in the Middle East and north of Africa positions most minimal with regards
to sexual orientation uniformity. In a few sections of the Middle Eastern nations like Bahrain,
ladies are not permitted to work and have an expert existence. Indeed, even in this time of
modernization there wins a reaction against the rights and opportunity of ladies. In Bahrain,
just 36.3 percent of the ladies lead proficient life. Absence of ladies workers in the Bahraini
association can be viewed as a noteworthy explanation for the deficiency off ladies

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supervisors and officials. The sexual orientation decent variety in the meeting room is
bringing down in the Asian and the Pacific countries in contrast with Europe and North
America. It is likewise imperative to take note of that the distinctions in the sexual orientation
contrasts in the cross country that are identified with the supply of the female pioneers are
altogether identified with the financial request. The supply of the female pioneers, then again,
is estimated by the baby survival, compensation, work support and correspondence in
instruction.
Rationale of the study:
Considering the way that there exists an immense distinction in the conduct executed
by people (men and women), a few studies have been directed on the sexual orientation based
conduct fluctuations among the male and female representatives in the work environment. It
has been discovered that sexual orientation assorted variety in the review advisory group
force affect on the gaining administration of banking segments. Then again, the aggregate
number of Bahraini representatives in BBS is 14,678, which is 37 percent of the aggregate
number of workers. Out of them, the percent of female Bahraini worker is only 25 percent of
the aggregate workforce. Just 8 percent female representatives have figure out how to gain
official level of BBS and the rest 92 percent is obtained by male official officers. Analysts
have expressed that banks which are driven by female supervisors have more averse to
experience disappointment contrasted with banks that are being driven by male directors. The
moderate basic leadership of the female administrators can be considered as a noteworthy
purpose for this.
In this manner it can be obviously comprehended that utilizing female representatives
in the official position will be exceptionally useful for the managing an account division of
Bahrain. Considering the way that improvement in decent variety of considerations prompts
better critical thinking capacity, it can be comprehended that amid emergency, a sex assorted
administration will have the capacity to give a superior help. Other than that, it has been seen
that a socially assorted work environment with a decent variety of ethnicity, race, sex and
sexual introduction are capable of being more inventive contrasted with a homogeneous
gathering. Particularly with regards to the keeping money segment, it has been discovered
that manages an account with female administrators have prove higher benefit. Also, amid
the season of basic leadership it has been seen than ladies supervisors takes more moderate
choices that are fit to avert bank disappointment contrasted with male administrators. A few

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components can be in charge of the deficiency of ladies officials in BBS (Bahrain Banking
Sector). At the time of working in the financial and banking division, female representatives
face a few obstructions based on proficient and in addition social point of view.
Research aim:
The main aim of this research paper is to find out the shortage of women employees in
the top level administration of banking sector in Bahrain along with evaluating the real time
and other data collection to measure the main topic and issue carefully. Rather than it, the
other aim of the research paper is to formulate the better suggestions to the company which is
involved in the banking sector under the limits of Bahrain which could help the organization
to improve the total number of women workers in the banking industry for upper
management as well as ground level positions.
Research objective:
The main research objective of this research paper is as follows:
 To identify the current position in BBS in order of women employee in the executive
boards and the high profile position
 To identify the reasons behind the obligation of women in the executive boards and
the high profile position
 To identify the barriers which impeded the efforts of women to reach at executive
boards and the high profile position in the banking sector
Research question:
The main research question of this paper is as follows:
 What is the current position of banking sector in Bahrain in terms of woman
employee in executive boards and the high profile position?
 Why banking sector need women in executive boards and the high profile position?
 What are the main barriers which has impeded the efforts of women in order to reach
at the executive boards and the high profile position in banking sector?

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Structure of the study:
The main structure of this study is as follows:
Literature review:
Introduction:
In this period of modernization, it is very urgent to consolidate female portrayal in the
higher post all together in order to acquire and flourishing the business and additionally
equality in the general public. As indicated by a review, just 4.5 female representatives
working in different Bahrain banking industry have figured out how to achieve the position at
the top level management (Alsebaie 2015). Thus, the examination issue is the deficiency of
1.
Introduction
2.
Literature Review
3.
Research Methodology
4.
Data presentation
5.
Analysis and interpretation
6.
Conclusion and Recommendation

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female portrayal in the best position of Bahrain Banking Sector. Considering the way that the
analyst has taken after subjective information gathering obtain, a writing audit will be led as a
wellspring of optional information accumulation. The motivation behind the writing survey is
to get to, investigate and assess the explanations for the deficiency of female administrators
and CEOs in the Bahrain Banking Sectors. So as to direct the writing audit, an aggregate
number of 20 articles related with the examination issue will be dissected.
The motivation behind this research report is to basically dissect all current writing
about your subject, investigating speculations proposed by others, analyzing them with each
other, and after that distinguishing the examination hole. The main factors that will be
shrouded in the writing audit incorporate Women Leadership and Influence on Institution
Performance and Economic Growth, Female CEOs and Chairwomen are more traditionalist,
Female Leaders and Glass Cliff hypothesis, Women's present circumstance in the Bahraini
Banking Sector in Bahrain and woman's rights. At last a conclusion will be inferred
subsequent to leading the writing audit.
Women leadership and persuade on the institution performance and the
economic growth:
As indicated by Dezsö and Ross (2012), sexual orientation assorted variety can be
considered as a noteworthy initiative concern and it is identified with the distribution of the
financial assets and human abilities. The Asian nations in contrast with the European nations
are less proactive in pressurizing the sexual orientation assorted variety. Note that the
information gathered from the western nations is appropriate to the information gathered
from the Asian nations. The prime explanation behind such a distinction in the information is
the monetary improvement, contrasts in the socioeconomics and the way of life. Sexual
orientation decent variety can be considered as an imperative point for the social
advancement and financial improvement. It has been contended that Strøm, D'Espallier and
Mersland (2014), that the sexual orientation assorted variety in the meeting room is bring
down in the Asia and the Pacific countries in contrast with Europe and North America. The
most elevated sexual orientation decent variety is seen in Australia and in the Republic of
Korea, it is least. Minimal accentuation on the sex assorted variety in the female meeting
room is seen in the People's Republic of China; in any case, the portrayal of the females has

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expanded in the meeting room. Malaysia and India are the main nations that had forced a
compulsory share for the sexual orientation decent variety. Studies have demonstrated that no
less than one female on the board has the ability to fundamentally beat alternate organizations
or associations. The return on equity (ROE) and the return on assets (ROA) are emphatically
connected with the arrangement of a female chief in the consequent years. As per Boehe and
Cruz (2013), that it is critical to take note of that there is no prescient power between the
budgetary execution and the sexual orientation decent variety after the various gender issues
are considered. It is likewise vital to take note of that the distinctions in the sexual orientation
contrasts in the cross country are identified with the supply of the female pioneers are
altogether identified with the financial request. The supply of the female pioneers, then again,
is estimated by the newborn child survival, compensation, work investment and equity in
training. Be that as it may, take note of that the sexual orientation assorted variety does not
fundamentally influence the oppressive employing choices and the premarket conditions that
are essential for the sex of balance in the general public (Adb.org 2018).
A report of United Nations on the positions of authority of ladies has demonstrated
that the ladies that had the basic leadership experts had the ability to prevail with regards to
presenting the progressions the lives of the other ladies. It has additionally been noticed that
the ladies that hold the power position frequently don't have the control over the extensive
spending plans. This therefore goes about as a restriction on the assets distribution and the
lessening of the sexual orientation equity (United Nations 2018). While it has been contended
by Gipson et al. (2017), that despite the fact that ladies make up the 47 for each penny of the
U.S workforce, the authority positions are held by a dominant part of the men in both the
political and the corporate fields. Note that the ladies had turned out to be effective in
acquiring the centre administration and the supervisory part, the rate is anyway as for gaining
admittance to the more elite classes of initiative. Reports propose that the ladies have not as
much as 33% of the senior level and the official positions, short of what one-fifth of the
individuals into the board seats, even under 5 for each penny of the ladies are viewed as
CEOs. It has likewise been featured in this investigation that the overall situation
demonstrates that the ladies are underrepresented in the senior administration positions and
this isn't simply constrained to the United States alone. By and by ladies are holding about
not as much as a quarter positions in the senior authority positions in the companies. 33% of
the organizations have no ladies in the senior parts (Duflo 2012).

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Strøm, D'Espallier and Roy Mersland (2014) have proposed that a female CEO has a
tendency to uncover a more noteworthy degree inclination to actuate a higher level of
budgetary execution in the fund and managing an account area. Women enhanced level of
comprehension of the market encourages the execution development of the association and
further is coordinated with a type of authority that agree to comparative sorts of patterns have
a tendency to show better capability. The overarching approach in the circle of sex
contemplates has been distinguished as both administration and hierarchical achievement
which are probably going to carry improvements with an expanding number of females in
administration and board (Strøm, D'Espallier and Mersland 2014).
The aggregate asset pool of similarly capable people has been underused when
candidates for administration and supervisory positions in the managing an account and
monetary segment of Bahrain are applied from the sub-set of men as it were. Be that as it
may, the creators assert the imperativeness of advantageous initiative which is frequently
been perceived as a natural quality among ladies (Strøm, D'Espallier and Mersland 2014).
Then again scientist Mijntje Lu¨ckerath-Rovers has been of a shifting sentiment whereby the
significance of the presence of ladies on the load up upgrades the administration of the
organization has been connected to the topic of the components which must be accomplished
by the enhanced corporate administration (Lückerath-Rovers 2013). Moreover, it has been
guaranteed that if great corporate administration demonstrate inadequacy in enhanced
execution, at that point the subject of the way the association would execute its activities will
neglect to create any viable esteem and the part of a ladies selected to the board will
demonstrate no emblematic esteem.
Note that the part of ladies who have been occupied with CEO or supervisory positions
has seen coordinate relationship with different parts of corporate administration (Lückerath-
Rovers 2013). In any case, reports uncover that around 40% everything being equal and
chiefs are required by law to draw in a noteworthy segment of ladies whereby the sexual
orientation talk about has contributed at a tremendous rate of the evaluation of part and
obligations of the board in connection to the next current talk that joins investor activism or
the development of the most capable practices (Banksbahrain.org 2015).

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Females CEOs and chairwomen are more conventional:
Considering the way that there exists an enormous contrast in the conduct executed by
people, a few inquires has been directed on the gender based conduct fluctuations among the
male and female representatives in the work environment. As indicated by Aguirre et al.
(2012), the diversity in administrative style of Male and female CEOs forces a huge effect on
the budgetary choices making and the outcomes of that choice. As indicated by Palvia,
Vähämaa and Vähämaa (2015), it has been discovered that keeping money parts drove by
female supervisors and CEOs are more traditionalist with regards to hazard appraisal
contrasted with banks that have Male CEOs. Because of this female-drove banks holds larger
amount of value capital and the likelihood of bank disappointment amid times of promoting
pressure is significantly lesser in the specified managing an account parts. The examination
has been led with a colossal board of business bank in US and it has been discovered that
female directors and CEOs hung on a normal around 5 to 6 percent of value capital more than
banks drove by male CEOs. As per a review, male drove bank are six to seven times more
inclined to experience disappointment amid the season of emergency (Dezsö and Ross 2012).
With a specific end goal to anticipate bank disappointment, the administration of Europe has
actualized a law which would require at least 40 percent board situates in Private Banks to be
involved by female officials. The reason expressed by the administration incorporates bank
drove by Female chief hold more preservationist levels of capital in the wake of controlling
for the bank's advantage hazard and different properties. Research expresses that this choice
which has been taken won't just avoid bank disappointment yet additionally support sex
correspondence in the work environment of Europe.
As indicated by De Cabo, Gimeno and Nieto (2012), while the level of ladies officials
and chiefs are decidedly connected with bank hazard administration, a similar factor forces
negative effect with regards to the review advisory group or the corporate administration
board of a bank. It has been discovered that sexual orientation assorted variety in the review
board of trustees force affect on the gaining administration of saving money parts. Nearness
of female chiefs in the review advisory group diminishes gaining administration by upgrading
negative optional gatherings. Lesser number of attendances of the female executives of
Auditing advisory group in bank contrasted with that of the male chief is thought to be one of
the significant explanations for the said issue. It has been discovered that untouchables are
given more inclination for the expansiveness of their involvement in the review panel of