Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety at JKL Constructions

This report examines the occupational health and safety performance of JKL Constructions, a company operating in the hazardous construction industry. The report begins with a description of the business, highlighting the high rates of accidents and injuries. It analyzes workplace incidents over several years, including fatal injury rates and causes of falls, which are a major source of fatalities. The report then proposes an Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) manual, including an overview of OHSMS operations and the steps for implementation. The report details a strategy for improvement focusing on training initiatives, hazard reporting, and the implementation of safety measures such as risk assessment, hazard identification, and control measures. It also outlines key tasks, responsibilities, and methods for tracking performance, with the ultimate goal of reducing injuries and minimizing costs associated with workplace accidents. The report emphasizes the importance of a proactive approach to safety, including employee consultation, training, and the use of personal protective equipment.

Running head: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Occupational Health and Safety
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Part A
Description of the business
Throughout the world, the construction is one of the most hazardous industries. The
industry suffers from the basic inability towards the proper management of the health and
safety at the workplace. The cost from the number of injuries, damage to the equipment, the
financial loss from the schedule disruptions, hikes, the compensation of the workers and
insurance affect the profit margin of the construction operation (Jitwasinkul, Hadikusumo and
Memon 2016). In this assignment, the JKL constructions have been chosen for analyzing
their workplace safety rates and the incidents in the last few years together with the need for
their safety management plan for the improvement of their business profit margin. The
construction industry in which JKL constructions operates has a very poor reputation for high
rates of accident and hazard-related activities and fatal injuries on the sites. With the focus
and the target of the production in an aspect of the cost and the time, the notion of safety
usually conflicts with the work and the production (Boden, Spieler and Wagner 2016). The
injuries on the construction sites of the construction business involve personal sufferings,
productivity hampers and delay in the construction. The paper illustrates the need and the
effectiveness of the safety management system in the construction industry where JKL
constructions operate
Incidents
During the last few years, the construction industry has been receiving high criticism
regarding its performance, productivity and safety procedures in its work as compared to the
other business. JKL constructions have been on the top list in case of the injury rates in the
last few years. From electrocution, accidental falls, vehicular accidents and fatal injuries,

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overexertion, injuries resulting from equipment at the workplace, the rate of destruction and
injury rates are on the higher run in the JKL constructions from the last few years.
Figure 1; Workplace Fatal Injury Rate
Source: (Pykhtin et al. 2017)
The figure above illustrates the rate of workplace fatal injury and destruction rates in
the JKL constructions in the last few years. As depicted in the figure, the rate fell from 3.4
per 100,000 employed workers in the year 2016 to 0.4 per 100,000 workers employed in the
year 2017. Though the figure highlights the decreasing rate of injuries in the recent years, the
workplace health and safety at the construction site is still at stake.
One of the major rates of accidental injury in JKL construction is due to the falls at
the workplace. Falls are the major cause behind the fatal injuries in the construction industry.
Though according to the figure above, the rate of fatality has declined, still the current year

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recorded 265 deaths in the construction site of the company which accounts about one-third
fatalities of that year.
Figure 2; Fatal Falls in Construction
Source: (Kvorning, Hasle and Christensen 2015)
The above figure describes the three common fatal falls in JKL constructions that
caused the innumerous number of accidents and injury, some of which resulted in the death
of the workers. The risk of the fatal falls varies among the category of job in the construction
occupation of the industry (Mohammad and Hadikusumo 2015). The causes of fatalities from
the falls in the JKL constructions are various in natures.

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Figure 3; Fatalities from Falls in JKL constructions
Source: (Guo, Yiu and González 2016)
The figure above illustrates the various types of fall including fall from the struct,
grinder, and steel, fall from the roof, fall from the scaffold, staging, fall from ladder and fall
from the floor or the dock. The total number of 891 deaths in the last 5 years in JKL
construction has created an alarming call for the management of the company towards the
implementation and the development of the workplace health and safety norms.

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Part B
OHSMS manual for the business- JKL constructions
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction..........................................................................................................5
JKL constructions...................................................................................................................7
Construction as a Business.....................................................................................................7
Why the Hazards....................................................................................................................7
Construction Deaths...............................................................................................................7
Construction Injuries..............................................................................................................7
Chapter 2: Perceptions in the Industry..................................................................................7
Survey inside the company.....................................................................................................7
Contractors and mixed views.................................................................................................7
Chapter 3: Construction Safety and Health programs........................................................7
Construction safety.................................................................................................................7
Prevention Technique.............................................................................................................7
Industrial hygiene activities....................................................................................................7
Ergonomics in the construction site.......................................................................................7
Chapter 4: OSHA compliance.................................................................................................7
Construction safety and health manual...................................................................................7
Construction standards...........................................................................................................7
Worker’s compensation..........................................................................................................7

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Chapter 5: Summary...............................................................................................................8
Appendix: Construction training requirements.........................................................................8
Appendix B: Company policy and employee responsibility.......................................................8
Explanation on how OHSMS operates
Occupational Health and Management System (OHSMS) is basically a set of plans,
procedures, and actions that assist JKL constructions towards the systematic and procedural
management of health and safety risks that are associated with the construction business. The
main aim of the OHSMS plan in this context is to improve the performance of the
organization with the help of effective management of construction accidents and risks in the
construction site.
Figure 4; OHSMS management system model

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Source: (Boden, Spieler and Wagner 2016).
Some of the basic steps for the implementation of the workplace safety and health
management include the following.
1. Consultation and developing of the OHSMS procedures and policies
2. Tailoring of the policy for the construction business of JKL constructions
3. To define obligations on the clear and specific way in plain and simple
English
4. Making and formation of realistic policies
5. Publicize the procedures and policies of OHSMS
6. Training of all the employees towards the workplace health and safety norms
7. Being consistent in the implementation of the policy
8. Reviewing all the procedures and the norms of the OHSMS policy on a
regular basis (Schwatka, Hecker and Goldenhar 2016)
9. Enforce the updated policies and norms at the workplace
To summarize, OHSMS assist in the reduction of the rate and the number of severe
injuries at the construction site and also minimizing the social and the financial cost
associated with the illness and the injuries of the workers in the JKL construction.
Strategy for improvement
The implementation of the plan for the improvement in the construction business of
JKL constructions can include various measures. One of the major strategic moves that will
be discussed in this assignment for the improvement plan is the Training initiatives and the
effective process for the report of the hazards.

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Providing a safe workplace
Identifying the hazards at the construction site
Risk Assessment
Risk Control
Reporting the unsafe workplace practices
Consultation with the higher authority
Safety induction
Training
Instruction
Supervision
Safety information
Personal Protective Equipment
a. Steps required for the implementation
Safety is more than the compliance with the occupational safety and the
administration of health. The norms of the OHSMS provide a healthy and safe
workplace through the implementation of the safety and the health plans that are
based on the practice of the safety norms. Some of the basic steps for the
implementation of the policy are as follows.
 Defining and identification of the problem related to workplace hazards
 Analyzing the resources and the support

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 Clarifying the workplace injuries and the goals and the objectives
 Researching the previous records of the construction site injuries and the
fatal accidents leading to death
 Promotion of the workplace safety norms together with the proper
explanation of the needs for safety at the workplace to the employees
(Lingard et al. 2015)
 Promotion of the empowerment and team building
 Establishment of the improved organizational structure
 Undertaking the initial implementation and further development
 Promotion of the innovation
 Achievement of the sustainability and the proper integration in the
standard procedure
b. Methods
OHSMS aim towards the elimination of the hazards or the usage of the key
controls towards the protection of the employees or the workers from the
identified fatal accidents at the construction sites.
Identification of the workplace hazards- With the annual inspection by the JKL
constructions, various hazards such as the mulchers, tractors, slashers, pumps, the
machinery of the harvest, vehicle for the construction site were identified as the
main hazards towards hazards originating in the construction site of the company
(Griffith and Howarth 2014).
Risk Assessment- This method is undertaken for the high to medium risk hazards
in the workplace for the promotion of the health and the safety norms (Kunyk et
al. 2016). The method is based on the principles that consider the severity of the

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injury rates at the construction site, the degree of the exposure to the harms and
the injuries occurring in the workplace.
Reporting of the hazards and practices- Workers and employees are required to
comply with the reasonable efforts towards the provision of the safety norms.
Furthermore reporting hazards and encouragement towards the suggestion of the
methods for the controlling of the risks includes the basic method towards the
improvement (Rahman et al. 2015). Furthermore not performing towards the use
of any machinery that is not properly guarded are some of the basic things the
workers should follow.
Consultation and safety induction- Review of the practices of health and safety in
the regular meetings and induction process helps the company to identify the
safety training requirements and the issues faced by the workers on a daily basis in
the construction site (Legg et al. 2015). Furthermore, safety instructions and the
training regarding the safe operations of the equipment and the machinery are
some of the essential points that need to be covered in the induction and the
meeting.
Training- Before the performance of any job with the use of the equipment and
the machinery, proper assessment of the skills of the employees for the ensure of
the safety at their job are some of the important points to be covered in the
training module (Cooney 2016).
The workers must not operate any machine which they have not been trained
or instructed, all the machinery must be operated as per the direction of the safety
work statements and the operator's handbook and finally, a record for all the
training at the workplace needs to be maintained in the training register.
c. Allocation of key tasks

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Task Review
timeframe
Person(s) responsible
Monitoring of the hazards at the
workplace
1-2
months
H.R
Monitor workplace safety 2
months
H.R and the manager
Self-assessment of each and every
employee
1 week Employee
Review health and safety plan in
the organization
6
months-
1 year
Supervisor and the
manager of the
construction site
Review significant events and the
accidents in the construction site
1 year Manager and the
supervisor
Review injury data of the past few
months and the years
6
months
-1 year
Manager and the
supervisor
Review health and safety manual 3-6 Manager and the