6 Phases of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

The software industry uses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method to plan, create, and test high-quality software. The goal of the SDLC is to develop high-quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations while finishing on schedule and under budget. Within a software corporation, the SDLC is used for software projects.

It comprises a thorough plan outlining how to create, maintain, replace, and modify or improve particular software. The life cycle outlines an approach for enhancing the general software development process and the quality of the final product.

What is the life cycle of software development?

The Software Development Life Cycle, also known as SDLC, is a method for creating software that is of the greatest quality and least expensive in the shortest amount of time. The well-organized phases of the SDLC allow an organization swiftly develop high-quality software that is well-tested and prepared for usage in production.

The introduction described the six phases of the SDLC. The waterfall model, spiral model, and agile model are common SDLC models.

How does SDLC work? 

SDLC works by reducing software development costs while both raising quality and speeding up production. By adhering to a strategy that eliminates the typical hazards of software development projects, SDLC accomplishes these seemingly incompatible goals. This plan begins by looking for flaws in the current systems. The requirements for the new system are then defined. 

After that, it goes through the processes of analysis, planning, design, development, testing, and deployment to actually construct the software. By foreseeing costly errors like forgetting to get input from the client or end-user, SLDC can reduce the need for further effort and post-hoc corrections.

Understanding that the testing stage is given a lot of attention is crucial. You must guarantee code quality at every cycle because the SDLC is a recurring approach. Many organizations tend to put little effort into testing, despite the fact that doing so might save them a lot of time, money, and rework. Be wise and create the proper kinds of tests.

Here are the 6 Phases that make up a typical software development life cycle

Phase 1: Planning and requirement analysis

In the SDLC, the requirement analysis stage is the most crucial and vital. With input from the customer, the sales department, market surveys, and domain specialists in the business, it is carried out by the senior members of the team. The fundamental project approach is then planned using this data, and a product feasibility assessment is then carried out in the financial, operational, and technological domains.

During the planning stage, it is also done to identify project risks and plan for the requirements for quality assurance. The goal of the technical feasibility study is to identify the different technical strategies that can be used to implement the project successfully and with the least amount of technical risk.

Phase 2: Defining Requirements

Following completion of the requirement study, the next stage is to precisely describe and record the product needs and obtain customer or market analyst approval. An SRS (Software Requirement Specification) document, which includes all the product requirements to be planned and produced throughout the project life cycle, is used to do this.

Phase 3: Designing the product architecture

Software Requirement Specification (SRS) serves as a guide for product architects as they create the optimum architecture for a new product. Usually, more than one design approach for the product architecture is offered and documented in a DDS - Design Document Specification - based on the requirements given in the SRS.

All significant stakeholders analyze this DDS, and the optimum design strategy is chosen for the product based on a number of factors, including risk analysis, product robustness, design modularity, budgetary considerations, and schedule restrictions.

A design strategy precisely defines each product's architectural modules, as well as how the modules communicate and portray data flow with external and third-party modules (if any). Every module in the suggested architecture should have a defined internal design.

Phase 4: The building or Developing the Product 

During this phase of the SDLC, the product is actually developed and built. At this point, the Programming And Introduction Of Software applications are generated in accordance with DDS. Code generation can be completed quickly if the design is done in a precise and systematic manner.

Programming tools including compilers, interpreters, debuggers, and other similar tools are used to generate the code, and developers must adhere to the coding standards established by their business. Different high-level programming languages are used for coding, including C, C++, Pascal, Java, and PHP. The sort of system software being produced affects the choice of programming language.

Phase 5: Testing the Product

Since testing activities are typically included in all stages of the SDLC in contemporary SDLC models, this stage is typically a subset of all the stages. However, this stage only relates to the product's testing phase, during which product flaws are discovered, monitored, corrected, and retested until the product satisfies the SRS's quality requirements.

Phase 6: Market deployment and maintenance

The product is formally released in the relevant market once it has undergone testing and is prepared for deployment. Depending on the organization's business plan, product deployment may occasionally take place in phases. The product could be tested in the real business context before being launched to a larger market (UAT, or user acceptability testing).

 List of typical SDLC models or network types examples:- 

• Waterfall Model

The oldest and simplest SDLC model is this one. Using this process, we complete one phase before beginning the next. Each step contains a small plan that "waterfalls" into the following phase. The major flaw in this model is how easily unfinished details can cause the entire procedure to stall.

• Agile Model

The Agile SDLC approach divides the product into cycles and quickly produces a usable result. A series of releases are produced using this process. Each release's testing provides feedback that is integrated into the following version. The disadvantage of this paradigm, according to Robert Half, is that the strong emphasis on client connection occasionally steers the project on the incorrect path.

• Iterative Design

Repetition is emphasized in this SDLC methodology. The version is swiftly and inexpensively created by the developers, who then test and refine it through quick iterations. If left uncontrolled, it can quickly consume resources, which is a significant drawback.

• A V-shaped model

With this SDLC methodology, testing is done at every level of development as an extension of the waterfall paradigm. Similar to the waterfall model, this process may encounter difficulties.

• Large-scale model

This high-risk SDLC model is most effective for small projects and devotes the majority of its resources to development. It lacks the other approaches' comprehensive requirements definition stage.

Conclusion

When the SDLC is done correctly, the highest level of management control and documentation is possible. The purpose of what and what developers should build are clear. All sides recognize the objective up front and have a specific plan for how to get there. Everyone is aware of the expenses and resources needed.

A number of issues can make an SDLC implementation more of a hindrance than a benefit for development. Poor knowledge of the system requirements at the onset might result from failing to consider the demands of customers, users, and stakeholders. Only if the strategy is meticulously followed will the advantages of SDLC be realized.

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