Leading Effectively Across Cultures

This assignment delves into the complexities of leading people and organizations across cultural boundaries. Drawing from various sources like Goleman's 'Why Leading Sustainability Matters More Than Ever', Kuroda et al.'s 'Cross-Border Higher Education for Regional Integration', Peterson's 'Cultural Intelligence', and Morgan et al.'s 'Leading Effective Global Virtual Teams', it aims to equip learners with strategies for effective leadership, stakeholder engagement, and assessment processes in cross-cultural organizational settings. The assignment encourages critical thinking through analysis of real-world case studies.

WORKING WITH AND
LEADING PEOPLE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1- PREPARE A REPORT AS REQUIRED BELOW BY ADDRESSING ALL THE
LO AND AC AS SPECIFIED;
LO1- BE ABLE TO USE RECRUITMENT, SELECTION AND RETENTION
PROCEDURES
1.1 Prepare the documentation towards selection and recruitment process and the documents
required when selecting and recruiting a new staff for UPS Company……………………….. 1
1.2 Assess the impact of legal, regulatory and ethical considerations to the recruitment and
selection process for the UPS Company……………………………………………………….3
1.3 Evidence yourself that you are taking part in the selection process for the chosen
Company UPS………………………………………………………………………………….3
1.4 Evaluate your own contribution to the selection process in the UPS Company………… . .4
LO2- UNDERSTAND THE STYLES AND IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP
2.1 Explain skills and attributes needed for leadership with special reference to the chosen
organisation UPS……………………………………………………………………………….5
2.2 Explain the difference between leadership and management and how does this help
towards better understanding with special reference to UPS………………………………….5
2.3 Compare the different leadership styles for different situations with special reference to
UPS…………………………………………………………………………………………….6
2.4 Explain ways to motivate staff to achieve objectives for the chosen scenario ……………7
TASK 2- THIS IS MORE ABOUT YOU TO REFLECT YOURSELF AS TO HOW YOU
WOULD BE ADDRESSING THE LO AND AC AS SPECIFIED
LO3- BE ABLE TO WORK EFFECTIVELY IN A TEAM
3.1 Assess the benefits of team-working for UPS Company and review the effectiveness of
the team in achieving the goals ………………………………………………………………..8
3.2 Demonstrate the importance of working in a team as a team leader and member towards
specific goals, dealing with any conflict or difficult situations ……………………………….8
3.3 Review effectiveness of team in achieving the goals with special reference to the chosen
scenario………………………………………………………………………………………...9

LO4- BE ABLE TO ASSESS THE WORK AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS OF
INDIVIDUALS
4.1 Explain the important factors involved in planning the monitoring and assessment of work
performance at UPS Company ……………………………………………………………….10
4.2 Write a plan and deliver the assessment of the development needs of individuals at UPS
Company……………………………………………………………………………………...10
4.3 Evaluate the success of the assessment process so that the UPS Company is back on track
with high standard of management and leadership performance …………………………….11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Growth and success of firm highly rely on performance of its manpower as well as on the
recruitment and training procedure of the firm. Main purpose of these processes are to select the
best candidate and administer them appropriate training which assists in enhancing competencies
of workforce (Brookfield, 2011). Skilled and knowledgeable manpower provides competitive
edge to firm over its competitors. In successful implementation of business activities, managers
and leaders play crucial role. They motivate their staff members and administer them direction in
order to accomplish firm's objectives.
As business environment is dynamic, it becomes necessary for leaders to change their
working manner according to the changing situation. In the present assignment, given
organisation is United Parcel Services which is one of largest companies of United Kingdom that
provides parcel services worldwide. The firm currently face administrative, leadership and
management related issues. The report includes impact of legal and regulatory considerations to
recruitment process and skills needed for leadership. Benefits of team working and its
defectiveness in attaining goals are defined in this project.
LO1- BE ABLE TO USE RECRUITMENT, SELECTION AND RETENTION
PROCEDURES
1.1 Prepare the documentation towards selection and recruitment process and the documents
required when selecting and recruiting a new staff for UPS Company
Recruitment refers as a process of inviting large pool of talented candidates for filling
vacant job position in an enterprise. Evaluation of skills and competencies of individuals for
selecting best candidate in firm is referred as selection process. Both these processes are essential
for every business concern (Chen and et. al., 2014). Huge funds and other resources are invested
by company in recruitment and selection process. Documentation needed in it includes the
following:
Job description:
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Name of enterprise United Parcel Services
Job designation Human Resource Manager
Location United Kingdom
Reporting Senior Human Resource Officer
Roles and responsibilities  Implement all the activities related to
training and development of manpower.
 Manage activities of firm as well as
employees.
 Ensure and render safety measures to all
members of staff.
Woking hours 10:00 a.m. to 6:30 p.m.
Salary 12000£ per month
Working facilities Flexible hours for working, work from home.
Person specification of Human resource manager:
Qualification Master’s degree with specialisation in Human
Resource Management.
Experience Minimum 5 years’ of experience in the same
area.
Area of expertise Must have good Communication and
interpersonal skills.
Other qualities Good Leadership qualities
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Application form:
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1.2 Assess the impact of legal, regulatory and ethical considerations to the recruitment and
selection process for the UPS Company
Working of business gets influenced by performance of its manpower. Skilled and
competent employees are able to manage their work in better and effective manner
(Czabanowska and et. al., 2014). That is the reason due to which firms want to retain such
individuals. Performance of workforce highly relies on laws and regulations of company.
Recruitment and selection process of United Parcel Services is very poor. Managers need to put
lot of efforts in improving the processes. They also require to consider various ethical, legal and
regulatory considerations in recruitment process as they highly influence it.
Government set some strict rules regarding this selection process. For instance, Wage
Act, according to which firms cannot make any on the basis of gave wage to employee. All the
same level workers should be provided with similar minimum set salary. If such discrimination
is found by workers, they can file complaint against employer. Some other laws are also
formulated by government such as anti-discrimination act in which firms cannot discriminate
among any of the employee on the basis of religion, age, culture etc. It is necessary for them to
treat all the employees equally and administer them equal opportunity (Dimovski and Penger,
2011). All such regulations and legislations have made process of recruitment and selection more
neutral and provide equal opportunities to all candidates to get job.
There are different regulations that are imposed by the legal bodies in order to maintain
equality and transparency in the process of recruitment. It is important that each of them are
carry out so that any unethical activity can be ignored. It is found that there are situations when
managers become partial due to favouritism or having personal relations. Legal obligations are
made through which it is ensured that when an applicant apply equal opportunities are made
available for them. Some major laws are as follows:
Equality act – It is a law through which discrimination among the candidates applying
and already on work are avoided. It helps in raising a better working conditions for employees
where they are treated well by the management.
Data protection act: This act states that no one is liable within an organisation to
exchange its data to others. Employees are not liable to share Confidential data of company with
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1.3 Evidence yourself that you are taking part in the selection process for the chosen Company
UPS
Evaluation and determination of individual skills for selecting best candidate is defined as
selection process. In order to select best employee and obtain better results, it is required by
human resource manager to consider each aspect of selection process. The main steps involved
in it are defined below:
 Preliminary Interview: It is the first phase of selection process in which managers
take interview of potential candidates in order to evaluate their various skills and
abilities. Those individuals, who pass the defined criteria, are eligible for this
interview and the process is known as screening (Recruitment and Selection,
2017).
 Application Form: Under this, managers provide a form to individual to fill in
order to get general information about them related to their age, qualification,
gender etc. This helps in getting the basic information about the candidate which
acts as a basis for screening and short listing the various applications received.
 Written Test: This step is conducted by manager in order to evaluate writing
skills of an individual. It helps in identifying who is better among all the
candidates so that accordingly selection can be made.
 Employment Interview: It is a kind of formal interview in which interviewer ask
questions to candidates related to job.
 Appointment letter: If candidates pass all the rounds of interview and minimum
criteria for job, then manager provides them appointment letter to join the
organisation.
As a Human resource manager in United Parcel Services, it is my major responsibility to
implement selection process systematically and consider all the important components related to
it.
1.4 Evaluate your own contribution to the selection process in the UPS Company
In selection process, human resource manager plays vital role. He is the only individual
who is responsible for deciding all the steps of selection process and set criteria which meet job
requirement so that best candidate can be recruited.
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Managers determine all the resources that are required in process implementation. Lack of
proper management and absence of required skills in human resource manager may leads to
ineffectiveness of selection process. It is needed by manager to have proper knowledge about
skills required in performing a particular job. This makes it easy for him to select appropriate
candidates (Winn, 2013).
Administrator should have the ability to evaluate competencies of individual. This will
also assist them in conducting proper interviews. So, it is important for manager to have proper
knowledge about all the processes related to human resource department.
LO2- UNDERSTAND THE STYLES AND IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP
2.1 Explain skills and attributes needed for leadership with special reference to the chosen
organisation UPS
Leadership skills are the important elements in positioning administrators to make
effective and thoughtful decisions related to missions and goals of firm and allocate resources
properly in order attain those directives (Stubbs and et. al., 2014). Main skills and attributes
required for good leadership in United Parcel Services includes:
1. Communication: It is one of the main qualities of leadership. Effective leaders are
known for their good communication skills and they can easily influence others by their
way of interaction. They collect data and convey it with team members effectively with
their good communication skills.
2. Passion: It is required by a good leader to be passionate for their work. They must share
their passion with team members in order to motivate them. This assists in encouraging
employees to work in more effective manner.
3. Ability to inspire: Leaders should have the ability to inspire others. It is essential for
getting effective outcomes. Inspiration provided by leader provides strength to team
members to work hard and in effective and efficient manner. This increases the overall
capacity of the organisation which ultimately raises the productivity of firm.
4. Team building: For attaining high growth and profitability and attaining business
objective on time, it is necessary for firm to build effective teams so that employees
enables to work collectively and attain objectives and targets of firm.
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5. Self confidence: Leaders are self confident and with their positivity, they influence
others in very effective and efficient manner. It is the ability that highly requires in
leader so that they can properly guide to their members and ensures effective working.
2.2 Explain the difference between leadership and management and how does this help towards
better understanding with special reference to UPS
Leadership is an act of influencing others so that objectives are effectively attained and
management is related to a field of managing things in best possible way (Peterson, 2011). There
are some differences between leadership and management which are defined as follows:
Management Leadership
 Management defined as an art of
organizing and coordinating things in
effective and systematic manner.
 Management emphasize on bringing
stability.
 Management has the responsibility of
formulating policies and procedures.
 Management used reactive strategies.
 The perspective that management has is
short range.
 Leadership refers to a skill of
influencing others by setting an
example for them.
 Leadership emphasize on encouraging
change within the firm.
 Leadership focuses on formulating
guidelines and principles.
 The strategies used in leadership are
proactive.
 Good foresightedness is required in
leadership.
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2.3 Compare the different leadership styles for different situations with special reference to UPS
Various styles of leadership are used by leaders of United Parcel Services in order to
motivate workforce according to the existing situation. Different leadership styles are defined
below:
o Laissez-Faire: Under this leadership style, knowledge on various areas or topic is gained
by team members in order to get trust of leader. In this, instead of leader, the whole
responsibility of team is on its team members (Fraley and et.al., 2011).
o Democratic leadership: Leaders include all team members in the process of decision
making under this style. It improves motivation level of workforce and they are
encouraged to give their best. The major reason behind not using this leadership style is
that it takes more time to evaluate situation.
o Transformational leadership: In the situation of urgency, this style of leadership is used.
The main advantage to firm of using transformational leadership is that it assists in
motivating team in effective manner in order to attain better outputs.
o Transactional leadership: Under this style, leader gives punishments as well as rewards
as per their work. There are different styles like positive and negative leadership.
Employees are punished on not performing to the desired level under the negative control
style and rewarded if positive leadership is followed.
o Authoritarian leadership: Leaders communicate all the instructions directly to team
members in this style. The main advantage of using this style is, it eliminates unnecessary
barriers and save time of work completion.
2.4 Explain ways to motivate staff to achieve objectives for the chosen scenario
In order to motivate employees and successfully attain objectives, manager of United
Parcel Services can use various theories of leadership (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). These are as
follows:
Theory X, Y: This theory is developed by Sir McGregor's and is based on two
assumptions, that is, theory X and theory Y. The first theory indicates those individuals whom
are untrustworthy, lazy and irresponsible. On contrary to this, the other theory indicates those
individuals who are valuable assets of firm. After dividing employees into 2 categories, various
strategies are formulated by team leader for workers. More emphasize is given on the members
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of theory X by leaders and they put more efforts in order to make them effective and productive.
With the individuals of theory Y, responsibilities are shared by leaders as they have good
knowledge as well as experience (Goleman, 2011).
Adair's action centred leadership model: The basis of this model is three types of needs,
that is, task needs, group needs and individual needs. The first need, i.e., task is related to
planning task, setting objectives and goals and assign responsibilities to workforce. Motivational
strategies, development programmes and coaching assistance fulfils individual needs. The third
one, i.e., group need is fulfilled by effective communication and team building.
The three parts of this model are:Achieving the Task: As manager looking to attain task, the responsibility initiates with
determining vision and aims of group and its overall direction and purpose. It is also
required to determine resources like physical tools, processes or people. After that, a plan is
created to attain task. Standards are set and performance is measured so that corrections can
be made.Managing Team or Group: Behaviour and performance standards are necessary to be
establish as soon as possible. These should be communicated properly across the group.
Approach and culture of group are also established as well as integrity, focus and discipline
can also be monitor and maintain. In this, objectives are considered and it is required to be
more closely focused on team performance.
Managing Individuals: Appreciating skills, aims, personality, strengths concerns and
needs of individual team member is essential which will assist in their own development.
Plenty of praise and recognition should be provided to them. Superior performance should
be rewarded with extra responsibility.
LO3- BE ABLE TO WORK EFFECTIVELY IN A TEAM
3.1 Assess the benefits of team-working for UPS Company and review the effectiveness of the
team in achieving the goals
Concept of team working is powerful as it encourage individual to fulfil their objectives.
In United Parcel Services, as team is developed, a healthy and positive work environment is
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creating. The main advantage of collective working is that it assists in attaining objectives and
targets of firm. Some benefits of team working are defined below:
Innovation and learning: By encouraging participation of employees in the
process of decision making, it becomes easy for leaders to make effective
decisions. This will assist in encouraging innovative ideas and facilitates in
finding out best solutions to problems. If employees are work collectively, more
ideas are created and innovation is promoted.
Increase trust: Team working assists in increasing trust among team members.
Engagement of all individuals in team assists in attaining objectives and targets of
United Parcel Services in effective manner. It will build coordination and
cooperation among them. This ultimately assists the firm in administering
effective services to consumers (Heath, 2012).
Encouragement: In team, by seeing other members working in better way,
individual encourage to adopt good actions of team member and try to work in
better manner. So, in this way, collective working encourage employee and they
willingly work towards accomplishment of firm's objectives.
3.2 Demonstrate the importance of working in a team as a team leader and member towards
specific goals, dealing with any conflict or difficult situations
The major responsibility of a good leader is to build effective teams and increase
motivation level of team members. This will assist in successful attainment of goals. The major
benefit of working is team to firm is that it increases its productivity and performance. It
provides various advantages to company. Team working also assists in reducing conflicts among
team members.
Some benefits of group work are defined below: Support: In team working, each member of group provides support to other (Kuroda,
Yuki and Kang, 2010). This is the main advantage that employees get at the time when
they work in team. It assists in boost up motivation and confidence level of workforce
and they are able to complete their work more effectively. Ideas: Team working assists in administering number of innovative ideas to leaders for
solving complex issues.
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 Efficiency: Working in team ensures effective utilization of resources. When many
people work collectively in team, it can increase the productivity of firm as well as team
members. All this assists the business concern in attaining efficiency (Offstein, Morwick
and Koskinen, 2010). Developed team: Team working assists in developing of skills and competencies of
individuals and this will leads to the creation of developed teams by the help of which,
firm attain its goals and objectives in an effective manner. Good customer service: Working in team ensures effective working and completion of
tasks on time. This will assists firm in providing good and high quality services to
customers.
 Improvement in administration: If individuals are working in teams, they are able to
work in more better manner with proper coordination and cooperation. This will results in
improvement in management and all the activities and working are properly managed on
time.
3.3 Review effectiveness of team in achieving the goals with special reference to the chosen
scenario
Leaders put various efforts in order to develop effective teams. It assists them in proper
execution of business activities and operations. The leader of United Parcel Services requires to
set goals for team members to build effective teams. It assists in increasing their potential and
developing skills in them. The main benefit of building effective team is that it administers
innovative ideas and unique solutions for issues. It highly contributes in success and growth of
company. Managers need to develop suitable training programmes so that skills and abilities of
manpower can be improved. This helps them in exploring opportunities that are existed within
firm.
It ensures proper utilization of available resources and save cost of firm. Effective team
assists the company in attaining its predetermined goals and objectives. It is also required by
leaders to put their whole efforts in developing effective teams. If team is more effective, more it
will contribute in attaining targets of firm (Lev, 2013).
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LO4- BE ABLE TO ASSESS THE WORK AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS OF
INDIVIDUALS
4.1 Explain the important factors involved in planning the monitoring and assessment of work
performance at UPS Company
Due to frequently changing taste and preferences of customers, it becomes crucial for
administrators to develop plans and strategies for future course of actions of firm. Proper
planning administers directions to managers and assists them in delivering high quality services
to clients. In order to attain this, United Parcel Services training and development programme for
their employees so that their performance can be improved. One of the effective approach that
can be used by administrator of refereed firm is performance evaluation (Mayfield, 2014). In
this, gap among actual and standard skills are identified by managers which is required to
perform a task. Main methods used to increase effectiveness of planning process are: Set up process and methods: Effective methods are used by managers in order to gather
data and formulate plans for future business activities. Feedback from customers: By this, firm is able to gather relevant data from customers
about the quality they want to improve in provided services. This enables the company in
satisfying needs and demands of customers in better way. Report: The reports gathered by managers on regular basis assists them in determining
the ongoing activities of firm and facilitates in formulating future plans.
 Performance appraisal: This approach assists managers in determining skills and
performance of manpower which further helps in formulation of effective training
programmes (Morgan, Paucar-Caceres and Wright, 2014).
4.2 Write a plan and deliver the assessment of the development needs of individuals at UPS
Company
According to changes that happen in firm, some variations are introduced by human
resource manager in development plan. All the employees of company are necessarily required
to be updated about all the activities that are performed in enterprise so that they can contribute
in success of business. As United Parcel Services face many administrative, management and
leadership related issues, in order to come back to track and implement operations effectively,
managers are required to plan development needs of manpower.
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 Firstly, it is important for administrators to enhance communication with workforce. This
assists them in getting information regarding how workers feel and which issues they
face at the time of working.
 For this, induction programme is conducted by administrators.
 Employee's needs and requirements require to be assessed by managers on regular basis.
This facilitates them in better identifying manpower needs and satisfying them.
 It is needed by managers to effectively handle all the grievances.
 Before implementing any new method, it is required to administer proper training to
workforce (Nkomo and Kriek, 2010).
4.3 Evaluate the success of the assessment process so that the UPS Company is back on track
with high standard of management and leadership performance
For determining and evaluating success of assessment process, managers need to answer
the following questions.
Was the assessment purpose clear?
Managers are required to determine the main objective of assessment programme and convey
the same with staff members.
Valid approaches should be used?
It is necessary for administrators to utilize valid processes and methods in order to accomplish
desired results (Success of assessment process, 2017).
Assessment must be free of biases?
For attaining effective results, it is essential for the managers to ensure that whole assessment
process must be free from any kind of biases.
Feedback?
It is necessary to communicate the findings of feedback with all.
Objectives assessment must be clear and understandable by workforce?
It is important that objectives assessment should be clear to all the workers.
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CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report, it has been concluded that managers as well as
leaders play crucial role in growth and success of business organisation. They are the one who
put their whole efforts in determining the root cause behind problems and providing effective
solutions in order to resolve those. Furthermore, they are the individuals who keep in view all the
ethical, legal and regulatory considerations at the time of conducting recruitment and selection
process in order to make it effective. Leaders encourage team working for attaining better results.
This assists in administering effective solutions to complex issues. All these facilitate the firm in
attaining its objectives successfully.
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Peterson, B., 2011. Cultural intelligence: A guide to working with people from other cultures.
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Recruitment and Selection. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<https://hr.uoregon.edu/recruit/recruitment-and-selection/guidelines-recruitment-and-
selection>.
Success of assessment process. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<https://studymoose.com/success-of-the-assessment-process-essay>.
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