IoT and Its Impact on Society

This assignment delves into the world of Internet of Things (IoT), focusing on the concept of Ubiquitous IoT and its architecture built upon a social organizational framework model. It analyzes the intricate connection between the physical world and IoT, highlighting the transformative impact this technology has on society.

EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES AND
INNOVATION

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Contents
TASK 1....................................................................................................................................................2
Annotated bibliography.....................................................................................................................2
TASK 2....................................................................................................................................................6
Questions...........................................................................................................................................6

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TASK 1
Annotated bibliography
Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., & Addepalli, S. (2012, August). Fog computing and its
role in the internet of things. In Proceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on
Mobile cloud computing (pp. 13-16). ACM.
In this Researcher Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., & Addepalli, S. has researched upon the
Fog computing which is an extended version of Cloud computing paradigm to the edge of the
network. This enables new versions of applications and services. Here researcher have
mentioned about the characteristic of Fog like location awareness and low latency, very wide
range geographical distribution, mobility that this technology provides, higher connectivity of
nodes, strong availability of streaming and real time applications, highly dominant role of
wireless access as well as heterogeneity. This research argues regarding Fog being an
appropriate platform for severe applications and services if IOT like connected vehicles,
smart cities, wireless sensors etc.
O'Leary, D. E. (2013). BIG DATA’, THE ‘INTERNET OF THINGS’AND THE
‘INTERNET OF SIGNS. Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and
Management, 20(1), 53-65.
In this paper Authors arguments regarding the relationship between IOT, big data and
Internet of signs. Researcher O'Leary, D. E. Focuses on the fact that IOT generate a whole lot
of Big data which can be analysed to form Internet of Signs. He further provides evidences
regarding how big data can be used for generating semiotic signs. He also summarises that
whole lot of data is producing every day and the capacity of the machines to handle it needs
to be enhanced so that information processing can be done easily hence machines can be
involved more in the decision making process. Since, machines have started interacting with
each other and hence the environment for data manipulations must be faster.
Da Xu, L., He, W., & Li, S. (2014). Internet of things in industries: A survey. IEEE
Transactions on industrial informatics, 10(4), 2233-2243.

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In this research paper Da Xu, L., He, W., & Li, S. has argumented that IOT has provided a
promosing opportunity to build a powerful industrial system. He also suggest about
applications of IOT by leveraging the growing ubiquity of radio frequency identification. A
wider range of IOT applications have been discussed which have been developed in the
recent years. This paper also reviews current research related to IOT application in various
industries while determining the challenges as well as trends that have emerged in this
industry. One of the major area where this paper draws attention is towards the current state
of art IOT in industries systematically.
Sun, Y., Song, H., Jara, A. J., & Bie, R. (2016). Internet of things and big data analytics
for smart and connected communities. IEEE Access, 4, 766-773.
In this research paper Sun, Y., Song, H., Jara, A. J., & Bie, R. describes about the concept of
smart and connected communities that is evolving from concept of smart cities. It also
provides idea regarding needs of remembering the past, requirement of living in present while
understanding the need of planning for the future. It also argues reading potential of IOT to
provide ubiquitous network of devices that are connected. It also suggest regarding IOT
providing real time control for Smart and connected communities. It also argues regarding
IOT for smart tourism and sustainable cultural heritage.
Perera, C., Ranjan, R., Wang, L., Khan, S. U., & Zomaya, A. Y. (2015). Big data
privacy in the internet of things era. IT Professional, 17(3), 32-39.
In this research Perera, C., Ranjan, R., Wang, L., Khan, S. U., & Zomaya, A. Y argues about
IOT making its way in various kinds of industries and market place. This research also
describes about the amount of data that is available in the environment for any company
which can be handled by the use of IOT. It also suggest regarding data being processed and
aggregated in large scale where new kind of knowledge can be taken out. Such a large
collection of data always leads to privacy issues which need to be properly handled. It also
provides idea about main challenges of IOT and its opportunities for research and innovation
that is going on in the field. It also describes about the efforts that is being done to address
such issues.
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT):
A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation computer
systems, 29(7), 1645-1660.

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In this research paper Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. suggests about
the reach of Wireless network technologies in the lives of individuals. It also suggests about
information being shared across various platforms so as to develop common operating
picture. It also talks about RFID, readers, NFC devices, actuator nodes and embedded
sensors. It also describes about IOT being a revolutionary technology that has transformed
future of internet. It also suggest role of IOT in resolving intuitive queries related to the data
on demand.
Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). Sensing as a
service model for smart cities supported by internet of things. Transactions on Emerging
Telecommunications Technologies, 25(1), 81-93.
In this research Paper Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., & Georgakopoulos, D
underlines about Smart city initiatives by various governments all around the world and
increasing issues in this regard. It suggests about IOT envision to connect billions of sensors
to internet. Today’s IOT infrastructure, platform and software applications have been
discussed. Apart from this, use of IOT for managing resources in smart cities is explained. It
also explores the concept of sensing as a service and its fitness with IOT. It also investigates
about concept of sensing as a service model in economical, technological and social
perspective and identification of challenges and issues.
Sun, Y., Yan, H., Zhang, J., Xia, Y., Wang, S., Bie, R., & Tian, Y. (2014). Organizing
and querying the big sensing data with event-linked network in the internet of
things. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 10(8), 218521.
In this research Sun, Y., Yan, H., Zhang, J., Xia, Y., Wang, S., Bie, R., & Tian, Y. argues
about massive sensing data are that is generated rapidly and continuously in IOT. This
research studies about the organisation of big sensing data with event linked network model
where events are summarised as primary unit for organising data and links which are utilised
for representing the semantic association between various events.
Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., & Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of things
for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 1(1), 22-32.
In this research Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., & Zorzi, M. suggests
about IOT being able to incorporating transparency and seamlessly a larger set of
heterogeneous and different end system. IOT provides open access to selected subset of data

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for the development of digital services. This paper focuses on urban IOT which has broad
category and are characterised by their specific application domain. This also suggests IOT
being supporter of Smart cities by exploiting advanced communication technologies that
helps in administration of the city.
Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., & Ayyash, M. (2015).
Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE
Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(4), 2347-2376.
In this paper Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., & Ayyash, M
provides overview regarding IOT with focus on application issues, protocols and enabling
technologies. It also underlines smart sensors, communication technologies and internet
protocols being important development in IOT. Paper also describes about machine to
machine technologies, mobiles, internet revolutions that empowered IOT. It also gives idea
related to IOT being acting as a bridge between diverse technologies to enable new
applications by connecting physical object together for making intelligent decision making. It
also provides horizontal overview of IOT. It also summarises about most relevant protocols
that fits together to deliver desired functionalities and standard specifications.
Feki, M. A., Kawsar, F., Boussard, M., & Trappeniers, L. (2013). The internet of things:
the next technological revolution. Computer, 46(2), 24-25.
In this research paper Feki, M. A., Kawsar, F., Boussard, M., & Trappeniers, L. describes
about the fact that internet of things being describing about several technological and
research disciplines that helps internet to reach out to the real world of physical objects. This
paper highlights about the IOT being consisting of various technologies like RFID, sensor
networks, range of wireless communication, real time localisation etc. It also provides idea
related to the IOT becoming more reality and several kinds of challenges that this system is
facing.
Ning, H., & Wang, Z. (2011). Future internet of things architecture: like mankind
neural system or social organization framework?. IEEE Communications Letters, 15(4),
461-463.
In this research paper Ning, H., & Wang, Z. describes about IOT being fascinating, its future
architecture being under construction. This paper suggests about future IOT architecture in
two aspects namely Ubiquitous and Unit IOT. This paper also focuses on special application

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and architecture of unit IOT that is built from man like neural network model and its
advanced model. This research paper also describes about global IOT also known as
Ubiquitous IOT, its architecture being employing social organisational framework model.
This paper also describes about the relationship of real world and IOT due to this two models.
TASK 2
Questions
What is the new technology?
IOT is the new technology and many kinds of innovations are going on in it. It is a connected
network of various kinds of nodes connected with each other using internet. In this network
physical devices, home appliances, vehicles and other embedded item are connected in such a
way that exchange of data can be possible. IOT allows things to be controlled and sensed
remotely across present network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct
integration of physical world into a system that is based on computers which results in
enhanced accuracy, efficiency and economic benefits. IOT is augmented with actuators and
sensors. It can be said to as more cyber physical system.
What it does and its special features
As it is more from the class of cyber physical system hence its applications are more real life
based. It connects all the things present in the environment using sensors and actuators which
help them to control and manipulate things from distant places. It helps in tracking mobile
devices that are connected with the network. Some of the special features that this technology
has are:
 Device Virtualisation: Standardise integration of devices with firm.
 High speed messaging: Enabling bidirectional communication between devices and
clouds.
 Endpoint management: Managing all nodes endpoint identity, metadata and lifecycle
states.
 Stream processing: Real time evaluation of incoming data streams with event
aggregation, correlation and filtering.
 Data enrichment: Enriching fresh data streams with contextual information and
generating composite streams.

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 Enterprise connectivity: Dynamically dispatching main IOT data and events to
applications and flow process.
When it is coming in the market and what is the cost
It is already in the market in many parts of the world and various other parts of the
world have to be connected with it. The initial cost of installation is higher as many kinds
of sensors and actuators have to be installed and connected with each other. It just needs
to be brought in more number of industries as it is highly beneficial for the society
especially in medical sciences and agriculture.
What industry will it affect?
It will be affecting almost all the industry. This is due to the reason that large numbers
of devices are used in every industry hence it becomes important that all must be
connected to the single network so that they can be controlled and handled properly. It
will also help companies in making control over all its business operations as well as
devices under them. It will help them in solving various issues that comes in daily
operations.
Will this be beneficial?
In my opinion it will be highly beneficial as people can control distant devices
without being physically present there. It has a capability of making the system smart
where all the devices can understand the condition of each other and communicate among
themselves for providing effective solutions to society. It will help in making more user
friendly appliances and reduce the amount of error that occurs in daily lives. It will also
make various operations easier like in medical sciences.
Learning from sources
From the above based sources there have been various kinds of learning that has been
gathered. The most important thing that was understood from the critical analysis of the
above sources is that it is highly beneficial for the society. It is also understood that there
are many kinds of research that is going on in this so that it can be able to make more
interaction with devices and become reality. Above sources revealed about its application
in making cities smarter as well as managing operations within different industries. I also
understood about its importance in handling of big data. It also helped me to understand

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its benefits in making society a better place to live. They also communicated about the
threats that are lying with the use of IOT in daily lives.