An Annotative Bibliography Justifying and Making Recommendation to William – a 75-Year Old Man with Worsening Chronic Heart Failure

This essay provides an annotative bibliography justifying and making recommendations for William, a 75-year-old man with worsening chronic heart failure. It includes a systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure, interventions to enhance medication adherence, and dietary approaches for heart failure and diabetes. The essay discusses the relevance of these studies to William's case and suggests a combination of dietary changes, an active lifestyle, and medication adherence for effective management of his condition.

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Name: Radhika Chand
Essay Title: An Annotative Bibliography Justifying and Making Recommendation to
William – a 75-Year Old Man with Worsening Chronic Heart Failure
Word Count: 1500 words(excluding title page and reference list)
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Part One
Sagar, V. A., Davies, E. J., Briscoe, S., Coats, A. J. S., Dalal, H. M., Lough, F., . . . Taylor, R.
S. (2015). Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure: Systematic review and meta
-analysis. Open Heart, 2(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2014-000163
The study has undertaken systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised
controlled trials, aimingto further evaluate the viability of exercise-based Cardiac
rehabilitation [CR], which is restoring the previous functioning of the heart on patients with
heart failure. It explores mortality, hospital re-admission, and the quality of life pre and post
intervention. The study also tried to investigate how these impacts may fluctuate across
varying methods of delivering CR. It included trials of six or more months of follow-up.
According to the study, individuals with heart failure (HF) experience a significant decrease
in their ability to performphysical activity which adversely affects their every-day living,
wellbeing related to personal satisfaction, and finally increased rate of admission in hospital
and mortality. While survival followed by HF diagnosis has enhanced, HF has a poor
identification that can be reflected from the fact that 30– 40% of patients determined to have
HF die on inside a year. The study further states that admissions because of HF are
anticipated to ascend by 50% throughout the following 25 years, because of rise in greying
population. The aim of this updated Cochrane review was further evaluation of the viability
of exercise-based CR on mortality, emergency hospital admission, patients with HF quality of
life and mortality. The study also tried to investigate how these impacts may fluctuate across
varying methods of activity CR delivery.
Molloy, G. J., O'Carroll, R. E., Witham, M. D., & McMurdo, M. E. T. (2012). Interventions
to enhance adherence to medications in patients with heart failure a systematic
review.Circulation: Heart Failure, 5(1), 126-133.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.964569
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According to the study, identification is poor for patients with chronic heart failure
(CHF), though there have been upgrades in the treatment and prevetion of HF in during last
25 years. Estimates made during the recent time show that the median survival followed a
first episode of HF are 1.8 years for women and 2.3 years for men. Despite the fact that the
proof medication efficacy in case of specific subgroups of patients with CHF is
understandable, there are additionally convincing information appearing huge numbers of
these patients do not accept their medications as per the prescription of health care
professionals. This "nonadherence" to prescription results in creating boundary to improving
the viability of existing medications and treatments. The focus of the study has been is to
provide, with an analysis and up-to-date review of the studies that has focused on
enhancement and analysis of medication adherence interventions in CHF. As per the study,
CHF is normally symptomatic and incorporates medication with reaction that is perceptible to
the patient in limited periods of ingestion. However, according to the study, an evaluation of
interventions for this populace in separation from cardiovascular disease populations is
largely justified on the grounds that some CVD understanding populaces can have
asymptomatic conditions, for instance, hypertension or hyperlipidemia and drug regimens
with almost no reaction. The goal of this deliberate audit was to recognize and abridge the
adequacy of mediation procedures to upgrade adherence to drugs in heart failure populaces.
Butler, T., Georgousopoulou, E. N., & Mellor, D. (2018). Dietary approaches for patients
with heart failure and diabetes. Practical Diabetes, 35(4), 127-130a.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pdi.2179
According to this review, management of nutrition plays a major role in patients
diagnosed with heart failure (HF) and diabetes. The aim of this research paper is to
summarise the nutritional recommendations to prevent and manage these conditions.Evidence
is scarce to provide dietary suggestions explicitly for individuals living with both HF and
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diabetes. The primary recommendation for HF management was found to be managing liquid
and sodium intake to minimize blood volume. Furthermore,the paper discovers patients
suffering with HF and diabetes could benefit from incorporating a Mediterranean diet into
their lifestyle. The paper highlights caution to dietary guidance as recommendations need to
be customized. This is based on the person's social circumstance, preferences for food, along
with providing required support.
Part Two
As per Sagar et al., (2015) ne of the major strengths associated with the chosen
research paper and its relation with the case of William is the fact that it focuses on the
impact of exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with HF. William’s case outlines he is
overweight and displaying symptoms like tachycardia and peripheral oedema. This clearly
reflects the fact that, chronic heart failure in his case, the underlying reason of being
overweight was not properly managed. As a result, of this, the chosen research paper
provides with major strength management of the symptoms. This would help in resolving the
underlying problem in his case – beingoverweight and would help in enhancing the quality of
life. The research put forward that with the help of regular exercise, there would be
reductions in risk associated with hospitalisation due to HF. It also stated that exercise
intervention would help in health-associated quality of life. Hence, application of exercise
intervention in the case of William would help in improving his quality of life and risk of
hospitalization that could be inferred with the help of the chosen study (O'Connor, 2013).
In terms of quality of the study, it can be considered high. The reason being, it is
based on meta-analysis and systematic review of randomised controlled trials, which were
undertaken for the study. This resulted in providing with statistical information that is
accurate and unbiased in nature which is one of the essential needs for delivering with a
quality research.
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As opined by Molloy et al., (2012) the strength of the study in context to the case of
William is the fact that it focuses on the need for nutritional management in HF patients.
Other than that, the fact that it is a scholarly article is another major strength as it provides
with valid and authentic information (Bechthold et al., 2017). In case of William, it can be
noticed that he is overweight. Hence, in order to resolve the underlying reason for HF, in his
case can be resolved with the help of dietary management. In the study, it has been mentioned
that in cases where individuals with HF – sodiumrestriction along with fluid restriction for
severe HF patients, can be helpful in providing relief. It also suggests and increase in
consumption of plant-based food as well as opting for whole grains. The fact that the study
focuses on the association of dietary management and its association with minimizing
symptoms of cardiovascular risks makes it highly significant for the current study as this
information would help in controlling the symptoms in case of William (Butler,
Georgousopoulou& Mellor, 2018).
The quality of the study can be considered to be high as it can be seen to be well researched
and refers authentic resources. Moreover, it is one of the first study about saturated fatty acids
and cholesterol management for HF patients results in considering it to be a quality research
paper.
As per Butler, Georgousopoulou, & Mellor, (92018) one of the major strength
associated with the chosen research paper in regards to its relevance with the case of William
is the fact that it focuses on enhancing outcomes in adherence to present medications which
are identified to minimize mortality and morbidity from heart failure. The study incorporated
a randomized control trial that following to medication can be developed in patients with
CHF. Adherence to medicine and different parts of self-care for a symptomatic chronic
disease, for example, CHF is a complicated behaviour with varied determinants incorporating
varied individuals and social-condition factors. Strengthened patient care, especially
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including drug specialists, might be helpful along with health care professionals, which
prompts better prescription adherence in patients. The relevance of the study to the provided
case study can be established with the help of the fact that William was previously diagnosed
with chronic heart failure due to hypertension and ischaemic cardiomyopathy (Molloy,
O'Carroll, Witham & McMurdo, 2012).
In addition to that, at present he can be seen to be still displaying symptoms like distressing
shortness of breath. This clearly establishes the fact that, after-care for CHF in his case has
been has not been effective that increases the risk of morbidity associated with the condition.
Hence, it is with the help of the study, he can be provided with required intervention like
patient education and information or intensified patient care he can be made aware about the
significance of adherence to medications for maintaining a quality life. In regards to the
quality of the study it can be considered to be of high quality as it provides with new findings
in regards to interventions for patients that has not been mentioned in earlier studies.
Part Three
Based on the three chosen research papers, it can be stated that the underlying reason
of HF in case of William is inappropriate diet and inactive life style. Hence, in order to
resolve the issue, dietary changes are needed to be made in his case. Essentially, he is also
required to lead an active life, which would help in reducing cardiovascular risks. Followed
by identifying chronic heart failure [CRF] previously in his case, and after the identification
of symptoms this time, he needs to be made aware about the significance of continued
medication in such chronic conditions and rehabilitation plays an integral rolefor enhancing
quality of life (Netyazhenko&Bidzilya, 2014).
Hence, a combination of these three factors, dietary change, active lifestyle, and
medication adherence would help in effective management of his condition. In order to create
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awareness for William, interventions like intensified patient care and patient education, along
with simplification of the drug regimen may turn out to be beneficial in managing his
symptoms.
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References
Bechthold, A., Boeing, H., Schwedhelm, C., Hoffmann, G., Knüppel, S., Iqbal, K., . . .
Schwingshackl, L. (2017). Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and
heart failure: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective
studies. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1(12), 1-20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1392288
Butler, T., Georgousopoulou, E., & Mellor, D. (2018). Dietary approaches for patients with
heart failure and diabetes. Practical Diabetes, 35(4), 127-130a.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pdi.2179
Cattadori, G., Segurini, C., Picozzi, A., Padeletti, L., &Anzà, C. (2017). Exercise and heart
failure: An update. ESC Heart Failure, 5(2), 222-232.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.12225
Fleg, J. (2017). Exercise therapy for older heart failure patients. Heart Failure Clinics, 13(3),
607-617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2017.02.012
Koch, S., Dörje, F., Feyrer, R., &Weyand, M. (2010). Improving medication adherence and
cardiovascular risk factors with a pharmaceutical care programme in CABG
patients. The Thoracic And Cardiovascular Surgeon, 58(S01).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1247097
Matthes, J.,& Albus, C. (2014). Improving adherence with medication. DeutschesAerzteblatt
International, 111(4), 41-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2014.0041
Molloy, G., O'Carroll, R., Witham, M., & McMurdo, M. (2012). Interventions to enhance
adherence to medications in patients with heart failure. Circulation: Heart
Failure, 5(1), 126-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circheartfailure.111.964569
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Netyazhenko, V., &Bidzilya, P. (2014). Functional myocardial condition in chronic heart
failure with concomitant obesity. Pathologia, (1), 8-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2014.1.25200
O'Connor, C. (2013). It is time to exercise change for heart failure. JACC: Heart
Failure, 1(6), 549-550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2013.10.001
Rautiainen, S., Levitan, E. B., Mittleman, M. A., &Wolk, A. (2013). Total antioxidant
capacity of diet and risk of heart failure: A population-based prospective cohort of
women. The American Journal of Medicine, 126(6), 494-500.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.01.006
Sagar, V. A., Davies, E. J., Briscoe, S., Coats, A. J. S., Dalal, H. M., Lough, F., . . . Taylor, R.
S. (2015). Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure: Systematic review and meta
-analysis. Open Heart, 2(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2014-000163
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